JournalTOCs

Review of European Studies
Number of Followers: 13

This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 1918-7173 - ISSN (Online) 1918-7181
Published by CCSE

[43 journals]

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Review of European Studies, Vol. 15, No. 2
- Abstract: Reviewer Acknowledgements for Review of European Studies, Vol. 15, No. 2
  PubDate: Wed, 31 May 2023 23:29:55 +000
Application of Conflict Wheel Model in the Analysis of Farmers-Herders
Conflict in Adamawa State, Nigeria
- Abstract: The study examines the causal factors of the lingering conflict between farmers-herders in the Adamawa. Specifically, it emphasizes issues, dynamics, context, causalities and exit options. The application of the conflict wheel theory suggests, the negative consequences of desertification and decline in ecological resources has in this case informed an unhealthy competition for access to mutual ecological resources between farmers-herders as one of the factors that brought about the deadly conflict. Further analysis reveals the context which has consistently increased in scope, cannot be divorced from existential socio-economic, political, and cultural realities of the Nigerian state. While Causalities seem to be multidimensional encompassing, conflict between two production systems, government inactivity and pre-existing security challenges in the region amongst others discussed. Given the central role of the state in enforcing law and social stability, it is imperative that government at various levels review pre-existing strategies and adopt robust and inclusive strategies. Similarly, the importance of counter desertification and conservative policies cannot be downplayed, and climate conscious pastoral and herding initiatives will also go a long way in averting future ecological resource-based conflicts.
  PubDate: Wed, 31 May 2023 23:27:14 +000
Alcohol Use Before and During Pandemics and Quarantine Restrictions in
Iceland. COVID-19, 2020 –2021
- Abstract: This study was designed to explore if alcohol consumption patterns had changes among Icelanders following the pandemic restrictions and lockdown in two times points. Questioners was carried out in May 2020 five months after the pandemic and restrictions COVID-19 were established in Iceland and again ten months later in March 2021. The research questions were as follows. Firstly, did individuals drink more or less alcoholic beverages than usual in the last two months than last twelve months before' Secondly, have individuals been drunk (5 or more drinks in the same sitting) more often or less in the last two months than last twelve months before' And thirdly, participants were also asked about their background, such as gender, age, education, work, marital status, household and monthly income related to those questions.Quantitative methods were used, the data collection was conducted in May 2020 and March 2021. In the year 2020, a random sample of 850 participants answered questions about their alcohol consumption at the time point compared to last twelve months for May of 2020 and in March 2021 another 864 randomly selected participants answered the same survey. The participants answered the questions on a five-point Likert scale. The data was analysed descriptively.More than a half of the participants did not experience any changing in their alcohol consumption. Further, participants experienced less frequent drinking and fewer drinks during the pandemic and lockdown compering to the last twelve months before the survey both 2020 and 2021. Interesting results of this study include the fact that alcohol consumption seems to increase between the two years or as the epidemic progressed. Further, the participants who answered the survey and lived with their families, i.e. spouses and children, reported the most changes in their alcohol consumption between the years of 2020 and 2021.
  PubDate: Wed, 31 May 2023 12:14:28 +000
Does the Educational Level of Parents Influence Their (Adult)
Offspring’s Financial Behavior'
- Abstract: The aim of this paper is to examine the influence of parents’ educational levels on young adults’ financial behavior. A sample of students enrolled on degree programs in Economics was considered to avoid the problem of financial illiteracy. The results obtained reveal that the educational levels of both parents influence young adults’ financial behavior but in significantly different ways: a father with a university degree seems to influence his male offspring’s financial behavior positively, while a mother with a university degree seems to influence her female offspring’s financial behavior negatively. This evidence may lead to reflection on intervention to ensure that tomorrow's women have the same opportunities for successful financial planning as men.
  PubDate: Tue, 30 May 2023 16:26:29 +000
Older Adults’ Friends and Ethnicity
- Abstract: This study examines the relationships among friends and ethnicity of older adults. Friends includes friend numbers and their quality of relationships with friends of older adults in the current study. Data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) survey (Waite et al., 2020) were used. The NSHAP study sampled persons 57-85 years of age (n=3005). The respondents completed a telephone survey in which they reported their background information (e.g., income, gender, race, age, health, retirement status, and marital status) and social network characteristics. It was hypothesized that older adults’ ethnicity differentially influenced family relations. In comparison to Anglo older adults, African and Hispanic older adults have weaker (smaller number and less cohesive) family culture. In order to identify the associations between ethnicity and friend relations, multiple regression analysis was used.Results revealed that African American and Hispanic older adults reported larger numbers of close friends, higher quality of friend in general, and higher frequency of contact with them compared to Anglo older adults. The current study’s findings build on a convoy model to account for how older adults’ ethnicity is differentially associated with their quality and size in friend relationship for future research is to examine more diverse in friend and ethnicity variables which explain the dynamic relationships between older adults’ demographic factors and friend network.
  PubDate: Tue, 30 May 2023 16:18:33 +000
Interorganizational Relationships in Medieval Trade: An Analysis of the
Hanseatic League
- Abstract: The Hanseatic League was a commercial federation of guilds and cities in the Baltic region that dominated trade in northern Europe during the later Middle Ages. At its peak, it linked traders and market towns from England to Russia and most ports in between. It worked to remove trade barriers and provide security to its members. Employing an analytically structured approach, this study analyzes secondary sources to investigate the relationships between the members of the Hanse as well as the primary motivations driving the formation of the Hanseatic League. When this is analyzed as a federation style of interorganizational relationship, the five defining key contingencies become apparent: (1) power asymmetries in the High Middle Ages existed for the merchants with the balance of power in favor of monarchs; (2) individual guilds found it beneficial to establish ongoing relationships with other guilds; (3) economies of scope and scale allowed for efficiencies that would lead to trade dominance; (4) merchants sought more stable and predictable open access to markets across northern Europe; and (5) with the decline of feudalism, guilds sought to increase the acceptance and privilege of their community. The Hanseatic League’s formation was also based on a sixth key factor: security for its members.
  PubDate: Tue, 30 May 2023 16:09:59 +000