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Journal of Agricultural Science
Number of Followers: 5

This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 1916-9752 - ISSN (Online) 1916-9760
Published by CCSE

[43 journals]

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 17,
No. 4
- Abstract: Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 17, No. 4, 2025.
  PubDate: Sat, 15 Mar 2025 10:15:57 +000
Evaluating the Impact of S8 Matrix Nutrition on Quantitative Traits of New
Potato Cultivars Under Water Stress
- Abstract: This study aimed to enhance the tuber yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars using a sulfonated silicon nutrient solution enriched with additional nutrition, referred to as S8 Matrix. The research also sought to identify the most effective application method for this nutrient solution under both water deficit stress and normal irrigation conditions. The experiment was conducted over two years (2022 and 2023) at the Ardabil Potato Research Station, utilizing a split factorial design based on a randomized complete block design with three replications.The main experimental factors included irrigation levels (100%, 75%, and 50% of the plant available water), foliar application of the nutrient solution at four plant growth stages, and three potato cultivars (Agria, Rona, and Takta). Key traits such as plant height, number of main stems per plant, tuber number, tuber weight per plant, tuber yield, and water use efficiency were evaluated. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among irrigation levels, nutrient solution treatments, and cultivars, as well as their interactions. Foliar spraying with the sulfonated silicon nutrient solution containing S8 Matrix (at a concentration of 3 liters per 1,000 liters of water) during the flowering, tuber formation, and tuber bulking stages notably improved tuber yield and water use efficiency, with the Takta cultivar demonstrating the highest performance.
  PubDate: Sat, 15 Mar 2025 10:09:48 +000
Influence of Carrot (Daucus carota) Leaves Aqueous Extract on Reproductive
and Hematological Characteristics, Oxidative Stress Markers and Toxicity
Indicators of Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Does
- Abstract: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of aqueous extracts of carrot leaves (Daucus carota) on reproductive characteristics in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). For this purpose, a total of 40 nulliparous (females that have never been in gestation before) and sexually mature rabbits of 7 months old, whose average weight was 3.08 kg were used. The animals were divided into 5 groups (T0-, T0+, T1, T2 and T3) of 8 does each comparable in terms of body weight. The rabbits were placed individually in wire cages equipped with a feeding and a drinking trough. Throughout the trial period, the does received water ad libitum and calculated feed. In addition to feed, these animals received daily by gavage distilled water (T0-), vitamin C of 150 mg/kg body weight (T0+). The other three groups (T1, T2 and T3) received respectively 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of aqueous extracts of carrot leaves during the entire period of the test. After a month of testing, the does were presented to males at a ratio of two females to one male for mating. Fourteen days after mating the females were sacrificed for collection of some data.The results showed that the groups of animals having received the extract were very receptive during mating compared to the animals in the control groups, those of T2 (200 mg) had a significant (p < 0.05) increase in progesterone concentration than the other groups. The gestation rate was significantly higher in does receiving 200 mg (T2) and 400 mg (T3) of aqueous extract of carrot leaves compared to the control groups. The level of GSH and that of MDA in the treated rabbits recorded relatively decreased values compared to the control groups. The concentrations of ALAT, ASAT and urea decreased in animals given the extract as compared to those given Vitamin C. The least value of platelets was obtained in animals that received 400 mg/kg body weight of the extract. In regards to these results, the aqueous extract of carrot leaves may be used as a natural source of antioxidants instead of synthetic products thereby improving the reproductive performances of rabbit does at the rate of 200 mg and 400 mg. This is because it is at these doses that most studied characteristics were improved though further research is required in order to conclude with certainty.
  PubDate: Sat, 15 Mar 2025 10:03:20 +000
Assessing Herbicide Use and Hand Weeding Efficacy in Groundnut Production
Intensification
- Abstract: Poor and costly weed management constrains Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) production in Uganda. A field study was therefore conducted at the National Semi-Arid Resources Research Institute (NaSARRI), Serere, Uganda during the long rains of 2020 and 2021 and short rains of 2020 to evaluate the efficacy of hand weeding and different herbicides on weed management, yield, and the economics of their use in groundnut. The experiment for this study comprised 7 treatments constituted by six herbicides; four pre-emergent (Glyphosate, Clethodim, S-Metolachlar, and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), and two post-emergent (Bentazone and Quizalofop-p-ethyl) and hand weeding. Post-emergence herbicide application and hand weeding were done at 30, 45, and 60 DAS. The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Calculated weed indices show the effect of weed control measures on groundnut weeds. Pre-emergence application of glyphosate followed by post-emergence application of Quizalofop-p-ethyl produced superior pod yield (1724.3 kg/ha), the lowest weed density of grass (0.62), and Sedges (0.61), the lowest weed biomass at harvest (122.5g), the highest percentage of weed control efficiency (69.65%), and highest net returns (7,937,746UGX/ha). However, post-emergence sole application of quizalofop-p-ethyl produced the highest B: C ratio (36.49). Therefore, this study has indicated that the pre-emergence application of glyphosate followed by the post-emergence application of quizalofop-p-ethyl is the most profitable weed control measure in groundnut; while the post-emergence sole application of quizalofop-p-ethyl is the most economical. Hand weeding though may be used where labour is cheap and not scarce as opposed to the herbicides.
  PubDate: Sat, 15 Mar 2025 09:57:38 +000
Improving the Conversion Efficiency of Photosynthetically Active Radiation
(PAR) Absorbed by Winter Wheat Under Deficit Irrigation Using
Cost-Effective Autonomous IoT Devices
- Abstract: Water shortage is considered the most critical issue in the regions of arid and semi-arid climate, which is affecting the growth cycle and yield of the winter wheat crop (Triticum durum Desf.). Consequently, irrigation is necessary to increase crop production and maximize water use efficiency (WUE). This study was carried out over three consecutive cropping seasons (2021-2022), (2022-2023), and (2023-2024) at the Research Unit of the National Institute of Rural Engineers, Water and Forests (INRGREF) at Cherfech. This study was aimed at examining the impact of three levels of continued deficit irrigation (D1 = 75% ETc, D2 = 60% ETc, and D3 = not irrigated only by rainfall) on leaf area index (LAI), water consumption (WC), photosynthetic active radiation absorbed (PARabs), radiation use efficiency of grain yields (RUEY), and the relationship between cumulative WC and cumulative PARabs. The cost-effective and precise autonomous Internet of Things device with artificial intelligence at the edge was utilized to monitor irrigation and crop water consumption. At harvest, a decrease in TPDM was registered in the two treatments, DI2 and DI3, by (30.2%; 29%) and (40%; 38.7%) in 2020-2021, (14.7%; 12.3%) and (32%; 30.1%) in 2022-2023, and (19.7%; 14%) and (38%; 34.1%) in 2023-2024, when contrasted with the respective DI1 and FI treatments, respectively. During the three-cropping season (2021-2024), ANOVA analysis revealed that DI and FI treatments were not significantly affected (P ˃ 0.05) by the accumulated PARabs. The cumulative PARabs in D2 and D3 were dropped to 1.7% and 4.9%, respectively, compared to FI. In the second season (2022-2023) and in the third season (2023-2024), the PARabs in D2 and D3 decreased by (4 - 4.9%) and (15.7 - 15.8%), respectively, compared with FI. The lowest GY was registered under a rainfed treatment, and it decreased from 64.5 to 68.6% in the three experiments compared to FI. The highest RUEY was registered in FI. There was a reduction in D1 and D2 in the first season of 6.6% and 51.9%, respectively, compared with FI. Under the treatment D2 at the second and third seasons, the RUEY decreased from 28.6 to 43% compared to the control treatment. Photosynthetically active radiation (PARabs) and crop water consumption (CWC) have a strong linear relationship; this relationship can be used to estimate crop water requirements as a simple measure of cumulative radiation absorbed (cereal crops).
  PubDate: Sat, 15 Mar 2025 09:47:15 +000
Tolerance of Azuki and White Bean to Tiafenacil Tank Mixes
- Abstract: Few studies have investigated the tolerance of azuki and white bean to preplant (PP) applications of tiafenacil herbicide mixtures in Ontario. Four field experiments were conducted in southwestern Ontario, Canada, to assess the tolerance of azuki and white bean to PP applications of tiafenacil and tiafenacil herbicide mixtures at 1X and 2X rates. In azuki bean, tiafenacil at the 1X and 2X rate cause 0.5 and 0.4% injury at 4 weeks after bean emergence (WAE), respectively, mixtures of tiafenacil with halauxifen-methyl plus bromoxynil at the 1X and 2X rates caused 1.3 and 4.6% injury, respectively; significantly greater compared to tiafenacil applied alone. Other tiafenacil herbicide mixtures evaluated caused similar azuki bean injury to tiafenacil applied alone. In white bean, the combinations of tiafenacil with metribuzin, 2,4-D ester, and bromoxynil + 2,4-D ester at the 2X rate caused 1.4-1.6% more visible injury than tiafenacil applied alone at the same rate; however, other herbicide mixtures caused similar injury levels to tiafenacil applied alone. None of the tiafenacil herbicide treatments evaluated reduced bean stand at 3 WAE. Tiafenacil + 2,4-D ester reduced bean biomass plant-1 and m-1 by 18% relative to the non-treated control at 3 WAE. At 6 WAE, none of the tiafenacil treatments evaluated affected plant height, and at harvest, none of the tiafenacil herbicide treatments influenced seed moisture content or bean yield relative to the non-treated control. These results conclude that, although certain tiafenacil mixtures may cause minor and transient injury in azuki and white bean, they do not substantially affect growth, maturity, or yield, making them suitable options for pp weed control in both azuki and white bean production.
  PubDate: Sat, 15 Mar 2025 09:38:52 +000
Technical Change and Scale Effects in Relation to Profit Efficiency—Case
of Family-Based Eggplant Production in Japan
- Abstract: Little is known about how data-driven greenhouse horticulture impacts profit efficiency. Furthermore, the interaction between technical change (e.g., adoption of ECDs) and scale effects (e.g., farmland size) remains underexplored, particularly during periods of high fuel costs. Thus, by investigating the adoption of environmental control devices and farmland size, this study aims to determine whether technical changes (TC) and scale effects (SEs) contribute positively to profit effciency. Therefore, we hypothesize that both factors, TC and SEs, synergistically enhance profit efficiency. For our study, we observed both technical change affecting profit efficiency between 2017 and 2019. However, the technical change effect diminished in recent years, especially since 2020, due to increased input costs. Further, scale effects were rather limited as we observed an inverted U-shaped relationship between profit efficiency and farm size, the optimal farm size being equal and more than 41 and less than 46 are. The input costs negatively impacting the profit efficiency, namely repair and labor hiring costs, should be the foremost urgent issues to be resolved for TC and SEs to take place in the family-based facilitated greenhouse eggplant production in Japan.
  PubDate: Sat, 15 Mar 2025 09:36:43 +000
Can Molecular Ampelography Identify a Grapevine Variety in the Absence of
Any Ampelographic Inputs'
- Abstract: Is it possible to identify a grapevine variety without looking at the phenotype' Could someone reach a correct varietal identification solely based on molecular inputs' How trustful could the empirical names the grapevine growers use for the autochthonous grapevine varieties they cultivated for many decades' The current manuscript explores these questions and provides evidence supporting the concept that molecular ampelography—in terms of SSR data—could lead to an accurate varietal identification, while also sets the prerequisites for this to occur: i) a large number of samples collected from diverse cultivation areas should be analyzed, ii) multiple samples of the same variety should be included in the analysis, and iii) only local grapevine material should be considered and used in the analysis. Inclusion of reference samples (that have been properly described in ampelographic terms and are maintained in reference collections) increases the confidence of the outcome.
  PubDate: Sat, 15 Mar 2025 09:34:16 +000
Morphological and Molecular Profiling of Twelve Native Grapevine Varieties
From Crete and Thira Islands of Southern Greece: Insights Into
Intra-varietal Diversity
- Abstract: As in the case with other countries with well-documented history in grape cultivation, the discrimination of Greek grapevine resources is an arduous and complicated task due to the use of numerous synonyms and homonyms, the evolution of many phenotypes within varieties and the doubtful origin of several Greek grapevine landraces. The aim of the present study was to present a comprehensive exploration and characterization of twelve autochthonous Greek grapevine cultivars grown in various regions of Crete and Thira islands of southern Greece, using both ampelographic traits and molecular markers. From 2018 to 2022, a total of 112 accessions from commercial vineyards were analyzed using 48 ampelographic characters developed by the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV) and 10 microsatellite loci (SSR). According to both methods, the results showed that: (a) nine of the twelve studied varieties appeared in a single cluster in the ampelography-based clustering with the exception of ‘Vilana’, ‘Moschato Spinas’ and ‘Mandilaria’ phenotypes that exhibited a relative significant intra-varietal variation, (b) the matrices produced from ampelographic data revealed a distance between the studied samples from Cretan and Thira vineyards and the reference samples from the national grapevine repository for ‘Athiri’ and ‘Aidani lefko’ varieties, (c) ‘Dafni’ exhibited a clear molecular-genetic distinction and was significantly separated from the other cultivars studied, (d) our data did not support the previously reported high similarity between the varieties ‘Vilana’ and ‘Vidiano’. The combination of ampelographic description and molecular determination of the SSR profile proved to be effective for studying genetic diversity and identifying grapevine cultivars.
  PubDate: Sat, 15 Mar 2025 09:24:14 +000

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