Abstract: It has been a while since chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy was introduced as an attractive immunotherapeutic approach to fighting cancer. Despite the remarkable success of this approach in treating blood malignancies such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), treatment of solid cancers such as bladder cancer still has many challenges and problems. This work highlights CAR-based cell therapy's preclinical and clinical studies in bladder cancer, their successes, and the challenges involved in translating this procedure into the clinic.
Abstract: Introduction: Black seed has many pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-urinary stones, lowering blood lipids, and enhancing tissue repair after kidney poisoning. Due to the antioxidant properties of honey, its beneficial composition can help increase the effects of black seed. This study aimed to investigate the effect of black seed and hydroalcoholic honey extract on changes in serum, urine, and kidney tissue variables in male mice with kidney stones. Methods: To do this, 7 groups were first considered, which are: harmful and healthy control groups, treatment with concentrations of 125 and 250 mg/kg black seed, treatment with concentrations of 125 and 250 mg/kg Honey, and treatment with 125 mg/kg black seed with 125 mg/kg honey. The required substances were introduced to the groups from the first to the last day of the experiment, and 1 % ethylene glycol was added to the drinking water. The researchers looked at serum variables, including potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, urine factors like citrate, oxalate, and calcium, and tissue factors like kidney weight and crystal count.Results: Honey and black seed, alone and in combination, were found to modify serum, urine, and tissue variables in the fight against and treatment of kidney stones in studies.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the combination of black seed and honey is a viable option for kidney stone prevention and therapy, which shows the synergistic effects of honey and black seed with each other.
Abstract: Introduction: Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) is a less-invasive procedure for treating a subgroup of renal stones. Since it may cause significant pain and anxiety during the procedure, several strategies have been proposed to reduce the discomfort during the SWL procedure. This study aimed to evaluate transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) as a non-invasive analgesic strategy during SWL.Methods: A total of seventy-nine patients who underwent the SWL were included. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: the case group using conventional TENS (41 patients) and the control group without TENS. The visual analog scale (VAS) was recorded at the end of the SWL session. The analgesic (30mg ketorolac) was given in both groups due to the patient's request. Results: Both study groups were similar in age, sex, BMI, history of SWL, hypertension, stone location, and stone size. Our data indicated less VAS in the case group than in the control group throughout the procedure, although it was not statistically significant (P-value=0.087).Conclusion: TENS can be offered as a non-invasive and safe pain relief strategy during the SWL.
Abstract: IntroductionKidney transplantation recipients are one of the most vulnerable populations to COVID-19 infection and are more prone to develop complications. The lower urinary tract might be seriously affected by COVID-19 disease in this population. The present study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 disease on LUTS in kidney transplantation recipients.MethodsAll patients who underwent kidney transplantation at Sina Hospital (Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran) were included in this cross-sectional study. Covid-19 infection was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of oropharyngeal swabs. All patients with urinary tract infections were excluded from the study. LUTS status was assessed by International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). ResultsThe study involved 153 consecutive kidney transplant recipients; 67 (43.8%) and 86 (56.2%) patients were with and without Covid-19, respectively. The mean age of all patients was 49.7±12.9 years, and 105 (68.6%) males were in the study. The mean IPSS in kidney transplant recipients with and without Covid-19 was 2.74±3.0 and 1.96± 2.7, respectively. A significant difference was observed in IPSS between patients with and without Covid-19 (P-value=0.03). The kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 had a higher risk of moderate IPSS (OR: 1.5 CI 95%: 0.5-4.87) than those without COVID-19, but it is not significant (P-value=0.4). ConclusionWe pioneering found that LUTS in kidney transplant recipients measured by the validated tool IPSS was significantly more intense in those affected by COVID-19 infection. Future studies are necessary to explore t long-term impact and potential sequels.
Abstract: Introduction: Cancer is considered a significant cause of mortality worldwide, and the mortality rate has been growing significantly in the last decades. The present study aimed to assess the effect of nisin on apoptosis and metastasis of human bladder carcinoma (5637) and renal carcinoma (ACHN) cells. Methods: In this experimental study, the 5637 and ACHN cell lines were cultured and treated with diverse densities of nisin. The viability test was evaluated by MTT assay. The gene expression level of BAX, BCL-2, CEA, and Rho-GDI2 was examined by real-time PCR. Results: The 430 and 230µg/mL nisin could suppress the proliferation of ACHN and 5637 cell lines, respectively. In both studied cancer cells, the expression of BAX, BCL-2, CEA, and Rho-GDI2 genes was significantly augmented with nisin exposure. Conclusion: Our results discovered that nisin has cytotoxic effects on the ACHN and 5637 cells and prompts apoptosis over up-regulating the BAX/BCL-2 ratio in the 5637-cell line. Moreover, nisin might suppress the metastasis process via up-regulation of the Rho-GDI2 gene.
Abstract: Photodynamic therapy is a novel approach to cancer treatment. It is based on reactive oxygen species production by light illumination on the photosensitizer in the presence of molecular oxygen. The photosensitizer is a non-toxic agent activated by light with a specific wavelength and leads to ROS production and increased oxidative stress in cancer cells to kill them. For treating the patient, after administration of photosensitizer, it distributes to different organs and the tumor environment. The photodynamic actions happen with illuminating light on the tumor's location, and the tumor will be destructed. In this review, we introduce the mechanisms of photodynamic therapy and its components.
Abstract: Introduction: One of the uncommon diseases and serious one in an infant is hyponatremia with hyperkalemia. Secondary Pseudo hypoaldosteronism (PHA) is congenital adrenal hyperplasia that has been described in babies with urinary tract infection (UTI) and urinary tract malformation (UTM). Case presentation: Here, we report a CRE guideline-based case of a 39 days infant with failure to thrive and lastly identified with transient PHA because of UTI with posterior urethral valves. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia was excluded in front of cortisol; 17 OH progesterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were within normal ranges. The infant was put under double antibiotic and sodium replacement therapy and cation exchange resin at the rate of one gram per kilogram, and after stabilizing his clinical condition and sterilizing the urine, the infant underwent endoscopic valve resection. Conclusion: Transient secondary type 1 PHA caused by a UTI should be considered in the existence of hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis in newborns with UTI and UTM.
Open Access journal
[21 journals]
