JournalTOCs

Modern Instrumentation
Number of Followers: 57

This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 2165-9257 - ISSN (Online) 2165-9273
Published by Scientific Research Publishing

[230 journals]

Demonstrating a single-block 3D-segmented plastic-scintillator detector
- Authors: A. Boyarintsev; A. De Roeck, S. Dolan, A. Gendotti, B. Grynyov, U. Kose, S. Kovalchuk, T. Nepokupnaya, A. Rubbia, D. Sgalaberna, T. Sibilieva X.Y. Zhao
  Abstract: Three-dimensional finely grained plastic scintillator detectors bring many advantages in particle detectors, allowing a massive active target which enables a high-precision tracking of interaction products, excellent calorimetry and a sub-nanosecond time resolution. Whilst such detectors can be scaled up to several-tonnes, as required by future neutrino experiments, a relatively long production time, where each single plastic-scintillator element is independently manufactured and machined, together with potential challenges in the assembly, complicates their realisation. In this manuscript we propose a novel design for 3D granular scintillator detectors where O(1 cm 3 ) cubes are efficiently glued in a single block of scintillator after being produced via cast polymerization, which can enable rapid and cost-efficient detector construction. This work could become particularly relevant for the detectors of the next-generation long-baseline neutrino-oscillation experiments...
  Citation: Journal of Instrumentation
  PubDate: 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/P12010
  Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 12 (2021)
Modeling of U-shaped composite detectors
- Authors: A. Chakraborty; R. Kshetri A.S. Patra
  Abstract: We have investigated the basic operation of a composite detector comprising of elements arranged in the shape of an U-shaped rectangular well. Considering an isotropic scattering of gamma-rays and partial energy absorptions in up to four detector modules, expressions for the addback factor and the peak-to-total ratio have been obtained in terms of only one probability amplitude. We have compared the performance of two U-shaped detectors having different geometries and observed negligible gain in addback due to the longer arms. For completeness, comparisons have been made with composite detectors like the two element stacked detector and the two level pyramidal detector, both being embedded inside the U-shaped detector. Our pen-on-paper approach could be used to understand the operation of modern arrays having detector elements arranged in various sophisticated ways.
  Citation: Journal of Instrumentation
  PubDate: 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/T12006
  Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 12 (2021)
Development of a simultaneous imaging system to measure the optical and
gamma ray images of Ir-192 source for high-dose-rate brachytherapy
- Authors: J. Nagata; S. Yamamoto, Y. Noguchi, T. Nakaya, K. Okudaira, K. Kamada A. Yoshikawa
  Abstract: In high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy, verification of the Ir-192 source's position during treatment is needed because such a source is extremely radioactive. One of the methods used to measure the source position is based on imaging the gamma rays from the source, but the absolute position in a patient cannot be confirmed. To confirm the absolute position, it is necessary to acquire an optical image in addition to the gamma ray image at the same time as well as the same position. To simultaneously image the gamma ray and optical images, we developed an imaging system composed of a low-sensitivity, high-resolution gamma camera integrated with a CMOS camera. The gamma camera has a 1-mm-thick cerium-doped yttrium aluminum perovskite (YAIO3: YAP(Ce)) scintillator plate optically coupled to a position-sensitive photomultiplier (PSPMT), and a 0.1-mm-diameter pinhole collimator was mounted in front of the camera to improve spatial resolution and reduce sensitivity. We employed the con...
  Citation: Journal of Instrumentation
  PubDate: 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/T12005
  Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 12 (2021)
Detailed analysis of chemical corrosion of ultra-thin wires used in drift
chamber detectors
- Authors: A.M. Baldini; G. Cavoto, F. Cei, M. Chiappini, G. Chiarello, C. Chiri, G. Cocciolo, A. Corvaglia, F. Cuna, M. Francesconi, L. Galli, F. Grancagnolo, M. Grassi, R. Ishak, M. Meucci, D. Nicoló, M. Panareo, A. Papa, A. Pepino, F. Raffaelli, F. Renga, E. Ripiccini, G. Signorelli, G.F. Tassielli, R. Valentini C. Voena
  Abstract: Ultra-thin metallic anode and cathode wires are frequently employed in low-mass gaseous detectors for precision experiments, where the amount of material crossed by charged particles must be minimised. We present here the results of an analysis of the mechanical stress and chemical corrosion effects observed in 40 and 50 μm diameter silver plated aluminum wires mounted within the volume of the MEG II drift chamber, which caused the breakage of about one hundred wires (over a total of ≈ 12000). This analysis is based on the careful inspection of the broken wires by means of optical and electronic microscopes and on a detailed recording of all breaking incidents. We present a simple empirical model which relates the number of broken wires to their exposure time to atmospheric relative humidity and to their mechanical tension, which is necessary for mechanical stability in the presence of electrostatic fields of several kV/cm. Finally we discuss how wire breakages can be avoided or...
  Citation: Journal of Instrumentation
  PubDate: 2021-12-07T00:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/T12003
  Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 12 (2021)
Radiation hardness of PantherPix hybrid pixel detector
- Authors: D. Dudas; V. Kafka, M. Marcisovsky, G. Neue, M. Marcisovska, P. Prusa, I. Koniarova M. Semmler
  Abstract: Hybrid pixel detectors (HPD) are nowadays well known and widely used in fundamental research, e.g. in high energy physics experiments. Over the last decade, segmented semiconductor detectors have also found use in medicine. The total doses received by medical radiation detectors often reach a significant level (up to several hundreds of kGy per decade), especially in applications such as transmission portal in-vivo dosimetry. Such doses might affect detector properties. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate their performance after absorbing a significant radiation dose. PantherPix is a novel 2D hybrid pixel detector which is designed specifically for use in radiation therapy. As was concluded in earlier studies, it is suitable for radiotherapy quality assurance (QA) and portal dosimetry. In this paper, the PantherPix radiation hardness is investigated using a 60 Co source. The dependence on dose of the full depletion voltage, leakage current, detector power consumptio...
  Citation: Journal of Instrumentation
  PubDate: 2021-12-07T00:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/P12007
  Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 12 (2021)
Remark on a promising design of the fissionTPC cathode
- Authors: J.Q. Fu
  Abstract: The fission Time Projection Chamber (fissionTPC) has been designed and built to make precision cross-section measurements of neutron-induced fission by the NIFFTE Collaboration. The signal of the cathode is implemented as trigger for the fissionTPC that rejects alpha signal as background and selects only fission fragment signal to be recorded. This short note is devoted to a discussion of a promising way to improve the cathode signal performance by segmenting the planar cathode into two parts. It is shown through analytic calculations that the new cathode structure has better signal-to-noise ratio and faster rise time.
  Citation: Journal of Instrumentation
  PubDate: 2021-12-07T00:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/T12004
  Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 12 (2021)
Experimental 3-dimensional tracking of the dynamics of a single electron
in the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA)
- Authors: A. Romanov; J. Santucci, G. Stancari, A. Valishev N. Kuklev
  Abstract: We present the results of experimental studies on the transverse and longitudinal dynamics of a single electron in the IOTA storage ring. IOTA is a flexible machine dedicated to beam physics experiments with electrons and protons. A method was developed to reliably inject and circulate a controlled number of electrons in the ring. A key beam diagnostic system is the set of sensitive high-resolution digital cameras for the detection of synchrotron light emitted by the electrons. With 60–130 electrons in the machine, we measured beam lifetime and derived an absolute calibration of the optical system. At exposure times of 0.5 s, the cameras were sensitive to individual electrons. Camera images were used to reconstruct the time evolution of oscillation amplitudes of a single electron in all 3 degrees of freedom. The evolution of amplitudes directly showed the interplay between synchrotron-radiation damping, quantum excitations, and scattering with the residual gas. From the distribu...
  Citation: Journal of Instrumentation
  PubDate: 2021-12-07T00:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/P12009
  Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 12 (2021)
A portable cosmic ray detector for school education
- Authors: L. Bomben; S. Capelli, C. Fanzini, E. Lutsenko, V. Mascagna, C. Petroselli, M. Prest, F. Ronchetti, A. Selmi E. Vallazza
  Abstract: This article describes the design, assembly and characterization of a portable cosmic ray detector, developed by the INSULAB group and suitable for teaching activities aimed at high school students. It consists of a compact aluminum suitcase containing three plastic scintillator modules coupled to photomultipliers, readout by a custom compact electronics chain and powered by a power bank. The modules operate in coincidence and the system records the arrival time of each particle and the time over threshold of the signal of each scintillator module. The data are acquired and processed by a Raspberry PI connected to a touch screen display for online monitoring. The procedure implemented for the determination of the detector efficiency is reported, along with the results of the measurements of the cosmic ray rate as a function of the altitude and the zenith angle, performed in the laboratory and in different locations outdoors.
  Citation: Journal of Instrumentation
  PubDate: 2021-12-07T00:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/P12008
  Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 12 (2021)
A setup to characterize the tensile mechanical properties of poly(L-lactic
acid) materials applied in bioresorbable polymer stents
- Authors: G. Zhao; R. He, X. Li, J. Zhang, J. Cheng, G. Wu Z. Ni
  Abstract: A method for testing mechanical properties of miniature poly(L-lactic acid)(PLLA) specimens is instrumented and set up in this research. This method is specially designed to measure mechanical properties, including elasticity modulus, yield strength and breaking elongation, of miniature PLLA specimens in three different shapes at various tensile speeds and temperatures. Moreover, the measurement results are significantly dependent on the tensile speeds and temperatures. This phenomenon further verifies the obvious existence of the viscoelasticity of PLLA. Finally, it can be concluded that, with this method, mechanical properties of PLLA can be better investigated and understood, especially for PLLA used for biodegradable polymer stents.
  Citation: Journal of Instrumentation
  PubDate: 2021-12-06T00:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/P12005
  Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 12 (2021)
An air insulated linear pulse transformer for electrodischarge technology
- Authors: A.A. Zherlitsyn; V.M. Alexeenko S.S. Kondratiev
  Abstract: A linear pulse transformer with air insulation at atmospheric pressure was created and tested under both constant resistance and non linear loads. The maximum power of the transformer output pulse reached ∼500 MW at a matched load with a charge voltage 50 kV. The transformer transferred ∼60% of the stored energy to the load over a characteristic time of about 1 μs. The scalability the generator was studied by connecting two identical transformers in series which gave a power output of ∼850 MW with doubled output voltage and reduced current. The frequency mode of operation was studied using one and two transformers with a charge voltage of 50 kV and a load that was, close to matched. In both cases, the power maximum and jitter showed no significant changes at any of the frequencies tested (up to 5 Hz). These results mean that the use of this generator can be recommended for a wide field of applications due to its scalability and low internal impedance.
  Citation: Journal of Instrumentation
  PubDate: 2021-12-06T00:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/P12006
  Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 12 (2021)