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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Number of Followers: 5

This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 2160-8792 - ISSN (Online) 2160-8806
Published by Scientific Research Publishing

[243 journals]

Sex and gender in reproductive medicine.
- Abstract: The use of the sex gender discourse in reproductive medicine has brought about awareness for the distinctive cultural and social attributes. Experiences of the patients also play a significant role in the discussion about the use and the development of reproductive techniques. Term “in-vitro” fertilization focuses mainly on the somatic course of events. The wish to remain childless is usually determined by change of values, individualization, the incompatibility of uniting child and job, single status as mother, the relegation of having a child to a later time in the future and then, finally, total renouncement. Medical prerequisites are laid down and social constructions coordinated in respect of the reproductive potential of the woman and her age. Differentiated models should become a topic of discussion concerning the gender specific aspects of reproductive medical concepts, both in thought and in deed and should be introduced to the empirical form of research in future studies.
  PubDate: 08/09/2020 05:29:57 pm
The awareness on sexual and reproductive health issues in urban and rural
areas of Greece: a retrospective study on 200 adults 18-45 years old.
- Abstract: Sexually transmitted diseases threaten every sexually active individual, whereas especially our younger adults, as more IT literate, should be better familiarized with the various methods of STDs protection as well as of the traditional and modern contraception. Our purpose was to investigate and compare the awareness of 18-45 years old adults from urban and rural areas on sexual and reproductive health issues and to establish any potential new strategies for its best promotion. Two hundred individuals coming from either our capital, which represents the purest urban dimension of our Greek lifestyle spectrum, or one specific carefully selected, as a characteristic opposite non-urban dimension in our lifestyle scale, rural town, were stratified randomly and answered a three-part closed ended questionnaire. Useful results were extracted, like, for example, although 29.5% reported that they were in a committed relationship, trusted traditional methods of contraception and protection from STDs, like condom, 18% out of them has not been regularly using it. Moreover the percentage of hormonal contraception was low (9%). The younger the people and the more the urban lifestyle they have adopted, the lesser cautious on their choice of sexual partners are. Men still seem to be alternating between sexual partners and perform “one night stands” more frequently than women. Finally we came to the conclusion that the awareness on sex and reproduction is not so developed as we would expect from our adequate standard of living before the years of the economic crisis (<2010). We noticed many cases of fragmentary information, false view and high-risk sexual behavior. Moreover, mainland residents seem to be less informed about the current data of STDs and contraception, even though their behavior is less risky.
  PubDate: 08/09/2020 05:29:57 pm
The role of gynecologists in the years of demographic, political and
economic crisis: the Greek aspect.
- Abstract: It is widely spread that History teaches the next generations, while every single generation contributes significantly to the enrichment of this valuable store of Knowledge. Greece is facing the epoch of political-economic declination; a fact with great impact on demographic parameters (mean life-expectancy, Malthusian parameter r of the Exponential Law in population dynamics, entropy-reproductive potential of population). Objective: To support the essential role of contemporary gynecologists against current demographic shrinkage. Design & Methods: We searched the web, looking for articles concerning history of nations and low birth rate. Historical proportionality was our main tool in selecting and distributing our results, as well as in extracting conclusions. Descriptive Statistics was applied, followed by sequence analysis, association rules, grouping and forecasting. Results: In Classical Sparta, the alarming decline of Spartan citizens, as commented on by Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC), was one of the major factors, which led to the decline of the polis during the following Hellenistic and Roman Age. In his work on the rise of the Roman Republic and its gradual domination over Greece, Polybius (200-118 BC) cites the phenomenon of low birth rate, population decrease, subsequent agricultural decline and city desertion in Greece, attributing them to Fortune (Tyche). We studied that plagues and low birth rate among Roman citizens led to depopulation in the Empire and in order this to be combated, barbarian tribes were actually welcomed into the Empire and encouraged to "set up shop" (as famous author and historian Will Durant states, 'An Empire is not conquered from without, until it has fallen from within'). On the other hand, several modern articles have attributed the EU economic crisis to low birth rate (ex. an article from the Head of Vatican bank, 2011). Conclusions: Historical proof of low birth rate leading as a factor to the catastrophe of a state is abundant. We, as gynecologists, could decelerate and maybe reverse this decline in births by informing properly our population on their fertility options, by combating the unnecessary abortions (by launching campaigns for parents, schools and media) and finally, by cultivating a positive attitude towards immigrants to Greece, as they can contribute significantly to the recovery of our wounded economy. Such actions may protect our nation from the Malthusian Catastrophe, as it was prophetically described by Thomas Malthus and published in the “An Essay on the Principle of Population” in 1798.
  PubDate: 08/09/2020 05:29:57 pm
How do we evaluate amniotic fluid volume in twins'
- Abstract: Twin pregnancies are at increased risk, compared to singleton pregnancies, for spontaneous abortions, malformations, low birth weight neonates, and preterm deliveries. Additionally the pregnancies are at greater risk for gestational diabetes, hypertension/ preeclampsia, acute fatty liver, and placental abruption. Because of these increased risks for pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes, the assessment of amniotic fluid volume is even more important in twin pregnancies during the fetal anatomic survey, growth assessment, and as a component of antenatal testing.
  PubDate: 08/09/2020 05:29:57 pm
Pathophysiological and hormonal changes affecting pain during pregnancy: a
review.
- Abstract: There are significant pathophysiologic and hormonal changes that take place during pregnancy, which affect almost every system in the body and contribute to successfully overcoming the challenges of pregnancy and labour. The changes noted in the first trimester of pregnancy are mainly of hormonal etiology, considering the fact that progesterone, estrogens, human chorionic gonadotrophin, prostaglandins and endorphins are significantly increased.
  PubDate: 08/09/2020 05:29:57 pm
In vitro fertilization and human immunodeficiency virus: Review of the
current medical and legal issues.
- Abstract: Especially high appears the percentage of the couples around the world facing infertility problems, resulting in the acquisition of a child to become an unfulfilled desire. The medical definition of infertility is the failure of a couple to conceive following twelve months of free and frequent intercourse without any type of contraception. This review is divided into two subsections. In the first subsection we will briefly summarize the available methods of the assisted reproduction and we will deal with the medical procedures when an HIV carrier wishes childbearing and in the second subsection we will discuss on the spread of AIDS through the in vitro fertilization and the responsibility of the physician.
  PubDate: 08/09/2020 05:29:57 pm
Survey on maternity wards regarding privacy and confidentiality.
- Abstract: Respect for patients' privacy and dignity and the maintenance of confidentiality are long established principles of medical practice. General Medical Council has emphasised that patients have a right to expect that information about them will be held in confidence by their doctors and staff involved in their care. Confidentiality is central to trust between doctors and patients. Without assurances about confidentiality, patients may be reluctant to give doctors the information they need in order to provide good care. The aim of our study was to assess the patient impression on the confidentiality and privacy maintained on maternity wards at St Mary’s Hospital for Women and Children, tertiary referral centre.
  PubDate: 08/09/2020 05:29:57 pm
Evaluation of breast cancer occurrence in patients with previous in vitro
fertilisation treatment.
- Abstract: Introduction: Breast cancer affects mostly 50-69 years old women, with history of previous breast or colon cancer, subfertility, nulliparity, ionising radiation, late menopause, smoking, fatty diet and positive for malignancies family history. Researchers support the multiple, unsuccessful under IVF treatment, efforts to be an etiologic factor for the disease. Objective: To evaluate the breast cancer’s occurrence in correlation to previous IVF exposure for the treatment of subfertility. Material and methods: We searched the web using several keywords, such as “ART/IVF/breast cancer/malignancies/BRCA 1-2 mutations”, and found lots of interesting articles, forums, blogs and case reports. All this data-warehouse became a very useful tool in our hands in order to proceed in the basic Online Analytical Processing during data-mining of 86 breast cancer “web-cases” surgically treated at least seven years after their last IVF treatment (association rules, sequence analysis, classification, clustering and forecasting regarding the type of the tumor (benign, malignant), the number of the previous IVF treatments and several involving in breast cancer factors (age, obesity, parity, history of ovarian, breast or colon cancer, smoking)). Results: Low cancer risk was found after IVF treatment in some studies, while other researchers observed higher malignancy rate in IVF-patients comparing to the risk in the general population. Several studies attributed the increased risk to the underlined pathology causing both the infertility and the malignancy, while several other scientific efforts are focused on findings proving higher rates for malignant tumors in the ART-treated patients. We noticed that this controversy is attributed to the lack of a systematic and worldwide-accepted classification in the cancer patients, who have undergone IVF treatment(s), in terms of several factors: age, body-weight, parity, previous breastfeeding, habits and positive for malignancies history. Studies on these factors and their coactions in the malignant breast behavior after IVF exposure should proceed any data-processing in order the latter to become scientifically fertile. Conclusions:If we classify the IVF-candidate women in terms of their personal and family history, we will find a way out of this controversy and eventually, minimize the various potential long-term breast malignant complications in IVF treatment through adequately informing our general population.
  PubDate: 08/09/2020 05:29:57 pm
Psychological perspectives in urinary incontinence: a metasynthesis.
- Abstract: Introduction Urinary incontinence with co morbid depression has been found to have a significant effect on quality of life. Examining the associations between the psychosocial factors related to urinary incontinence and mental health may enhance care for patients with these conditions. Aims To explore the relationship between mental health status and urinary incontinence, focusing on the role of psychosocial factors. Materials and Methods A search of Medline, CINAHL and SCOPUS databases yielded 15 studies on the topic, and ten studies were found to be in scope. A metasynthesis using Noblit and Hare’s approach of Meta-ethnography was undertaken. This involved a number of steps including determining how studies are related and identifying major themes. Results Three psychosocial aspects of urinary incontinence appear to influence mental health status: living with, management of and attitudes about incontinence. Other smaller component themes included control, seeking help and personal beliefs. Discussion Psychosocial factors appear to mediate the relationship between urinary incontinence and mental health status. An increased awareness of the major psychosocial issues that can influence both incontinence and mental health may contribute to a better management of the condition as well as reduce the burden of the condition on individuals.
  PubDate: 08/09/2020 05:29:57 pm
Factors influencing older black women’s sexual functioning and their
disclosure of sexual concerns.
- Abstract: Introduction: The study of older women’s sexual health has been very limited. Most of the available research in this area is on Caucasian older women; a few studies have targeted the sexuality of older Black women. There could be several reasons for this and for the common reluctance of these women to disclose information on their sexual health. Discussion: In this article, we first briefly reviewed the literature on sexual health among older women, then covered historical and social issues that are likely to influence older Black women’s sexuality as well as their common reluctance to disclose intimate details of their lives to their health providers. This information could be important for researchers as well as healthcare professionals. Specific groups of clinicians potentially interested in this discussion are sexual health professionals, couples’ counselors as well as other professionals attempting to address older patients’ problems such as relationship, intimacy, and sex challenges. Without knowledge of critical issues such as the potentially traumatizing historical events and the multiple societal pressures that are likely to impact these women’s sexuality and disclosure of sexual concerns, it would be difficult for researchers and clinicians to get an accurate account of older Black women’s sexual needs. Conclusions: Older Black women’s sexuality is a very delicate and complex topic. We encourage interested professionals to make an effort to become more aware of what is potentially holding back older Black women from disclosing their sexual concerns to them, and have provided some historical information and research suggestions to guide professionals interested in investigating older African American women’s sexuality in a more tactful and culturally sensitive way.
  PubDate: 08/09/2020 05:29:57 pm
Consumption of omega-3 fatty acids and women’s health.
- Abstract: There is a substantial amount of evidence to support the role of long chain omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) in the maintenance of optimal health and in the prevention of chronic disease. While many chronic conditions are not gender specific, there are emerging studies based on cohorts of women, specifically relevant to women’s health. Additionally, maternal and infant consumption of n-3 LC-PUFA as a part of a healthy and balanced diet can have lifelong effects on health outcomes. This review is a comprehensive look at research into the health benefits of n-3 LC-PUFA on women’s health. Research on female cohorts and that relating to issues specific to women’s health are reviewed. Research shows clear benefits to women’s health from consumption of the marine sourced n-3 LC-PUFAs. Evidence pertains to reductions in all-cause morbidity, coronary heart and cardiovascular disease, mental health including depression, dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, polycystic ovarian syndrome, dysmenorrhea and infant cognitive development.
  PubDate: 08/09/2020 05:29:57 pm
Domestic violence: Review of the history of actions as well as the
evolution of legislation in Greece.
- Abstract: The issue of violence against women within the family, or as it is widely known domestic violence, is appearing now firmly as much in European policies as in Greek legislation in order to tackle and prevent this phenomenon. Unfortunately, European and Greek laws do not fully cover this important subject and as the respective studies show, domestic violence rates are increased. In the present review we are going to refer, briefly, to the historical background of the actions and the Greek legislation on this topic.
  PubDate: 08/09/2020 05:29:57 pm
The impact of publicly financed family planning services on pregnancies,
births and costs: a critical review of the peer-reviewed literature.
- Abstract: Introduction: Low-income women in the United States obtain access to family planning services in large part through publicly-subsidized federal, state, and local programs. Public support for publicly-funded family planning care is based on the belief that these programs reduce unintended pregnancy, promote better birth outcomes, and save governments money. There is therefore a need to assess the results from and quality of existing research in this area. Materials and Methods:This article reviews 11 published evaluations of publicly-financed family planning services and its impact on pregnancies, births, and costs for the period 1990-2013. Relevant studies were identified through a search of PubMed and SCOPUS data bases and the strength of their methodology assessed using The US Preventive Services Task Force Quality Rating Criteria. Results: All reviewed articles received a quality rating of “fair” but varied on a number of different dimensions, including their methodology, data sources, time frame, outcomes of interest, and scope, preventing direct comparisons across studies. Results from reviewed analysis do however suggest that publicly-funded family planning services avert a significant proportion of unintended pregnancies, improve birth outcomes, and reduce governmental costs. Discussion: The reviewed literature demonstrates that publicly-financed family planning care promotes control over childbearing decisions and improved birth outcomes, while saving local, state, and federal governments money. However, this review also identified several important research gaps and flaws in the existing evidence base, particularly in the generalizability of results and narrow set of measures used to estimate impact. We suggest several ways to expand the field of available research by leveraging opportunities afforded through state Medicaid reform legislation and Medicaid expansions under the Affordable Care Act.
  PubDate: 08/09/2020 05:29:57 pm
Adolescent gynaecology: Satisfying the needs for special patients.
- Abstract: Adolescent gynecology requires special attention for understanding the dynamics of the adolescent’s psychological and physiological circumstances. The first gynecologic examination can be an important factor for establishing a long-term relationship. Creating a relaxing comfortable environment is essential for making the patient comfortable. As such, practitioners should be at ease discussing a variety of issues with adolescents, including eating disorders, substance abuse, house and school environment and dating violence. The practitioner should be familiar with the differential diagnosis, evaluation, and management of diseases which are common in adolescent period as amenorrhea, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, pelvic pain, endometriosis, PCOS. Thus, recognition and prompt treatment of both diseases are advocated to prevent future fertility implications in a population with their entire fertility potential ahead of them. Understanding these basic concepts is critical for complete care in a very important and unique age group.
  PubDate: 08/09/2020 05:29:57 pm
Atypical antipsychotics, maternal and child outcomes: A critical review.
- Abstract: The article has been forwarded to the production team. The processing may take few weeks. Then the proof will be forwarded to the corresponding author. The final PDF and HTML files will be uploaded when the corrections to the proof are returned by the corresponding author.
  PubDate: 08/09/2020 05:29:57 pm
Breast cancer surgery in the elderly women: A review.
- Abstract: The article has been forwarded to the production team. The processing may take few weeks. Then the proof will be forwarded to the corresponding author. The final PDF and HTML files will be uploaded when the corrections to the proof are returned by the corresponding author.
  PubDate: 08/09/2020 05:29:57 pm

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