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Journal of Drug Issues

Subscription journal
ISSN (Print) 0022-0426 - ISSN (Online) 1945-1369
Published by Sage Publications

[676 journals]

Methamphetamine Users' Perceptions of Exchanging Drugs for Money: Does Trust Matter?
- Authors: Chalmers, J; Bradford, D.
  Pages: 256 - 269
  Abstract: Trust, between regular buyers and sellers, is thought to underpin retail-level illicit drug markets, discouraging sellers from taking advantage of buyers. Although dealers report rewarding regular, trusted customers with assured purity, less is known about their customers’ experience of trust. Interviews with 101 methamphetamine users in New South Wales, Australia, confirm that users establish ongoing relationships with dealers. Irrespective of their level of methamphetamine use, some users trust their main dealer to supply a fair deal, whereas others expect to be taken advantage of. The study identified factors other than trust that might regulate dealer behavior. Methamphetamine use ebbs and flows. Users source drugs from multiple dealers, substitute other drugs for methamphetamine, and some buy a range of drugs from the one dealer. Our findings emphasize the complexity of factors that influence decisions about purchasing illicit drugs and point to a more holistic view of what regulates dealer behavior.
  PubDate: 2013-05-20T09:52:56-07:00
  DOI: 10.1177/0022042612471652|hwp:master-id:spjod;0022042612471652
  Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 3 (2013)
Testing the Gender Effect in Drug and Alcohol Treatment: Women's Participation in Tulsa County Drug and DUI Programs
- Authors: Liang, B; Long, M. A.
  Pages: 270 - 288
  Abstract: Though research on drug and driving under the influence (DUI) courts increased significantly in the past two decades, very little has focused on women’s participation in these programs and how gender may have influenced clients’ performance, despite the call of feminist criminologists that entry into crime and substance abuse is different for women. Based on data collected from Tulsa County DUI and Drug programs in Oklahoma, this study examines the impact of gender on clients’ performance in both programs. In addition to identifying associations between clients’ gender and demographics, criminal history, addiction problems, and other medical and mental health problems, this study explores gender’s impact on both program progress (e.g., program length, use of sanctions, relapse) and final outcome (termination vs. graduation). Data show that different factors are associated with female entry into drug and DUI courts and successful completion of the program compared with men, which calls for gender tailored treatment for women.
  PubDate: 2013-05-20T09:52:56-07:00
  DOI: 10.1177/0022042612471811|hwp:master-id:spjod;0022042612471811
  Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 3 (2013)
"A Friend With Weed Is a Friend Indeed": Understanding the Relationship Between Friendship Identity and Market Relations Among Marijuana Users
- Authors: Belackova, V; Vaccaro, C. A.
  Pages: 289 - 313
  Abstract: The importance of friendship networks and drug sharing is a well-documented feature of marijuana use. Recent studies show an increased role of acquiring marijuana through friends, especially in settings with rather punitive drug policy. This article aims at gaining insight into the definitions and roles that marijuana users attribute to friendship. Forty-four marijuana users and retailers recruited in North Central Florida were subjected to semistructured interviews, with extensive probes on respondents’ "friends." Data were analyzed with the use of inductive analysis, and were framed in identity theory. Respondents’ definitions of friendship contained expectations on marijuana sharing and reciprocation, purchases for friends, and introduction to dealers—who were also referred as "friends." The study findings suggest that marijuana users’ definitions of friendship include expectations for behavior that sustain the distribution chain. Role-based expectations on "friendly" behavior served as a social control tool that protected marijuana users from illicit market risks.
  PubDate: 2013-05-20T09:52:56-07:00
  DOI: 10.1177/0022042613475589|hwp:master-id:spjod;0022042613475589
  Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 3 (2013)
A Qualitative Study of Barriers to the Utilization of HIV Testing Services Among Rural African American Cocaine Users
- Authors: Wright, P. B; Stewart, K. E, Curran, G. M, Booth, B. M.
  Pages: 314 - 334
  Abstract: This qualitative study is about barriers to the utilization of HIV testing as perceived by African Americans who have recently used cocaine and who live in the rural Delta region of Arkansas. Affordability, physical accessibility, and geographic availability were not perceived as barriers to HIV testing in this sample, yet acceptability was still perceived as poor. Acceptability due to social mores and norms was a major barrier. Many said testing was unacceptable because of fear of social costs. Many were confident of being HIV-negative based on risky assumptions about testing and the notification process. Small-town social and sexual networks added to concerns about reputation and risk. System approaches may fail if they focus solely on improving access to HIV services but do not take into consideration deeply internalized experiences of rural African Americans as well as involvement of the community in developing programs and services.
  PubDate: 2013-05-20T09:52:56-07:00
  DOI: 10.1177/0022042613476260|hwp:master-id:spjod;0022042613476260
  Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 3 (2013)
Drug Generations in the 2000s: An Analysis of Arrestee Data
- Authors: Golub, A; Brownstein, H. H.
  Pages: 335 - 356
  Abstract: Much empirical evidence indicates that the popularity of various drugs tends to increase and wane over time producing episodic epidemics of particular drugs. These epidemics mostly affect persons reaching their late teens at the time of the epidemic resulting in distinct drug generations. This article examines the drug generations present in the 2000s among arrestees in the 10 locations served by the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring–II program. At all 10 locations, our findings show that crack use is still common among older arrestees but not among arrestees born more recently. Marijuana is the drug most common among younger arrestees. The article also examines trends in heroin, methamphetamine, and powder cocaine use among arrestees at the few locations where their use was substantial.
  PubDate: 2013-05-20T09:52:56-07:00
  DOI: 10.1177/0022042613475599|hwp:master-id:spjod;0022042613475599
  Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 3 (2013)
Alcohol and Violence in a Nonmetropolitan College Town: Alcohol Outlet Density, Outlet Type, and Assault
- Authors: Snowden, A. J; Pridemore, W. A.
  Pages: 357 - 373
  Abstract: This study examined the association between alcohol outlet density and violence in a nonmetropolitan college town. Nearly all prior empirical research examining this association has been undertaken in large urban cities. Using data on Bloomington, Indiana, block groups, we estimated ordinary least squared and spatially lagged regression models to determine whether alcohol outlet density was associated with assault density, and we also took into account the seriousness of violence (i.e., simple and aggravated assault) and different alcohol outlet types (i.e., off-premise, restaurants, and bars). The results showed that total alcohol outlet density was significantly associated with both simple and aggravated assault density in a nonmetropolitan college town. In addition, restaurant and bar densities were significantly associated with simple assault density, whereas off-premise and bar densities were significantly associated with aggravated assault density. These results not only extend the geographic scope of this relationship to nonmetropolitan towns but also have important policy implications.
  PubDate: 2013-05-20T09:52:56-07:00
  DOI: 10.1177/0022042613475788|hwp:master-id:spjod;0022042613475788
  Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 3 (2013)
Treatment Facility Neighborhood Environment and Outpatient Treatment Completion
- Authors: Cho, Y. I; Johnson, T. P, Fendrich, M, Pickup, L.
  Pages: 374 - 385
  Abstract: The current study focuses on three dimensions of treatment neighborhood environments that may influence treatment retention: neighborhood disadvantage, stability, and concentrated immigration. We examined treatment outcomes for a total of 9,319 individuals who were admitted for initial treatment in 56 outpatient clinics in Cook County, Illinois. Census-tract-level data were used to measure facility neighborhood environment. We found that neighborhood disadvantage was unrelated to individual treatment completion. Immigrant concentration was found to increase the likelihood of substance abuse treatment completion, although it was attenuated after controlling for patient problem severity and referral sources. Neighborhood stability was found to be positively related to treatment completion. These results suggest that knowledge of neighborhood context should be an important consideration when making placement decisions of new treatment facilities. Knowledge of neighborhood impact on treatment attrition should also be considered essential information to be used for client placement, treatment program design, and discharge protocols.
  PubDate: 2013-05-20T09:52:56-07:00
  DOI: 10.1177/0022042612472332|hwp:master-id:spjod;0022042612472332
  Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 3 (2013)