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Functional Neurology 
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ISSN (Print) 0393-5264
Published by CIC Edizioni Internazionali
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Follow Subscription journalISSN (Print) 0393-5264
Published by CIC Edizioni Internazionali
[1 journal]- Survey of Practices Employed by Neurologists for the Definition and Management of Secondary Non-Response to Botulinum Toxin in Cervical Dystonia
- Abstract: SummarySecondary non-response (SNR) to botulinum toxin (BoNT) in cervical dystonia (CD) lacks a universal definition. We conducted a retrospective survey to develop a definition based on clinicians' practice. Fifty-seven neurologists completed a 17-item questionnaire. In defining SNR, ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Mon, 01 Oct 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: SummarySecondary non-response (SNR) to botulinum toxin (BoNT) in cervical dystonia (CD) lacks a universal definition. We conducted a retrospective survey to develop a definition based on clinicians' practice. Fifty-seven neurologists completed a 17-item questionnaire. In defining SNR, ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- White Matter Integrity Assessed by Diffusion Tensor Tractography in a Patient with a Large Tumor Mass but Minimal Clinical and Neuropsychological Deficits
- Abstract: SummaryDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography and image registration were used to investigate a patient with a massive left-sided brain tumor, whose size was largely disproportionate to his subtle neurological deficits. MRI was obtained from the patient and his healthy identical twin, who ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Mon, 01 Oct 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: SummaryDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography and image registration were used to investigate a patient with a massive left-sided brain tumor, whose size was largely disproportionate to his subtle neurological deficits. MRI was obtained from the patient and his healthy identical twin, who ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- New Trends in Pain Research: From Basic Research to Clinical Translation
- Abstract: The small town of Parghelia on the Tyrrhenian coast (Calabria, Italy) recently provided an attractive setting for a two-year-awaited international meeting on "NEW TRENDS IN PAIN RESEARCH: From Basic Research to Clinical Translation" (13-15 September, 2012).The event, attended by around sixty ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Mon, 01 Oct 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: The small town of Parghelia on the Tyrrhenian coast (Calabria, Italy) recently provided an attractive setting for a two-year-awaited international meeting on "NEW TRENDS IN PAIN RESEARCH: From Basic Research to Clinical Translation" (13-15 September, 2012).The event, attended by around sixty ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Considerations on a Mutation in the NOTCH3 Gene Sparing a Cysteine Residue: A Rare Polymorphism Rather Than a CADASIL Variant
- Abstract: SummarySome missense mutations and small deletions in the NOTCH3 gene, not involving cysteine residues, have been described in patients considered to be affected by paucisymptomatic CADASIL. However, the significance of such molecular variants is still unclear. We describe a 49-year-old woman with ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Mon, 01 Oct 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: SummarySome missense mutations and small deletions in the NOTCH3 gene, not involving cysteine residues, have been described in patients considered to be affected by paucisymptomatic CADASIL. However, the significance of such molecular variants is still unclear. We describe a 49-year-old woman with ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Neurogenic Neuroprotection: Clinical Perspectives
- Abstract: SummaryNeurogenic neuroprotection is a promising approach for treating patients with ischemic brain lesions. In rats, stimulation of the deep brain nuclei has been shown to reduce the volume of focal infarction. In this context, protection of neural tissue can be a rapid intervention that has a ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Mon, 01 Oct 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: SummaryNeurogenic neuroprotection is a promising approach for treating patients with ischemic brain lesions. In rats, stimulation of the deep brain nuclei has been shown to reduce the volume of focal infarction. In this context, protection of neural tissue can be a rapid intervention that has a ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Spatiotemporal and Kinematic Aspects of Obstacle Avoidance in Subjects with Down Syndrome
- Abstract: SummaryObstacle avoidance studies have been extensively performed in normally developed subjects (N), but little work has been done on the characterization of this task in subjects with Down syndrome (DS). The aim of this study was to describe the management of walking with obstacle avoidance in ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Mon, 01 Oct 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: SummaryObstacle avoidance studies have been extensively performed in normally developed subjects (N), but little work has been done on the characterization of this task in subjects with Down syndrome (DS). The aim of this study was to describe the management of walking with obstacle avoidance in ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Lack of Maintenance of Gait Pattern as Measured by Instrumental Methods Suggests Psychogenic Gait
- Abstract: SummaryFluctuation is a common feature of all psychogenic gait disorder (PGD) patterns. Whether this fluctuation involves only the degree of impairment or whether it affects the gait pattern itself remains an interesting question.We hypothesize that, on repeated measurements, both normal and ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Mon, 01 Oct 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: SummaryFluctuation is a common feature of all psychogenic gait disorder (PGD) patterns. Whether this fluctuation involves only the degree of impairment or whether it affects the gait pattern itself remains an interesting question.We hypothesize that, on repeated measurements, both normal and ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- In Memoriam of Professor Emilia Martignoni (1951-2011): Always Thinking of Her
- Abstract: Now, almost two years since her death, Emilia Martignoni is still greatly missed by everyone who was privileged to know her and to have her as a friend. Emi was a transparent and straightforward person, but at the same time multifaceted. She was a rigorous scientist, a big-hearted and approachable ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Mon, 01 Oct 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Now, almost two years since her death, Emilia Martignoni is still greatly missed by everyone who was privileged to know her and to have her as a friend. Emi was a transparent and straightforward person, but at the same time multifaceted. She was a rigorous scientist, a big-hearted and approachable ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- The Human Brain Project
- Abstract: Dear Reader,In a recent editorial (D'Angelo, 2012), we remarked that, with neuroscience now entering the connectomic era, important projects were expected to be launched in this field by major funding agencies. Now, hot on the heels of confirmation of the EU's approval of the Human Brain Project ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Mon, 01 Oct 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Dear Reader,In a recent editorial (D'Angelo, 2012), we remarked that, with neuroscience now entering the connectomic era, important projects were expected to be launched in this field by major funding agencies. Now, hot on the heels of confirmation of the EU's approval of the Human Brain Project ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Cerebral Oxygenation and Haemodynamic Effects Induced by Nimodipine in Healthy Subjects
- Abstract: SummaryThe cerebrovascular effects of nimodipine are still poorly understood even in the healthy condition; in particular, its effects on tissue oxygenation have never been investigated.The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in cerebral oxygenation and blood volume upon oral ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Jul 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: SummaryThe cerebrovascular effects of nimodipine are still poorly understood even in the healthy condition; in particular, its effects on tissue oxygenation have never been investigated.The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in cerebral oxygenation and blood volume upon oral ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Technology-Driven Progress
- Abstract: Dear Reader,If you have been following the recent changes, at editorial level, to Functional Neurology you must be aware of our striving to promote the advancement of outstanding neuroscience and the achievement of coordinated progress of technology, brain science and clinical neurology. If you ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Jul 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Dear Reader,If you have been following the recent changes, at editorial level, to Functional Neurology you must be aware of our striving to promote the advancement of outstanding neuroscience and the achievement of coordinated progress of technology, brain science and clinical neurology. If you ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Continuous Intestinal Infusion of Levodopa/carbidopa in Advanced Parkinson's Disease: Efficacy, Safety and Patient Selection
- Abstract: SummaryLong-term oral therapy with levodopa is associated with the development of motor fluctuations and dyskinesia in a large percentage of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Motor complications are associated with a number of non-motor symptoms and have a negative impact on disability and ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Jul 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: SummaryLong-term oral therapy with levodopa is associated with the development of motor fluctuations and dyskinesia in a large percentage of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Motor complications are associated with a number of non-motor symptoms and have a negative impact on disability and ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Early Treatment with High-Dose Interferon Beta-1a Reverses Cognitive and Cortical Plasticity Deficits in Multiple Sclerosis
- Abstract: SummaryAcute inflammation is associated with cognitive deficits and alterations of cortical plasticity in multiple sclerosis (MS). We tested whether early treatment with high-dose interferon (IFN) beta-1a, known to reduce inflammatory activity, improves cortical function and cognitive deficits in ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Jul 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: SummaryAcute inflammation is associated with cognitive deficits and alterations of cortical plasticity in multiple sclerosis (MS). We tested whether early treatment with high-dose interferon (IFN) beta-1a, known to reduce inflammatory activity, improves cortical function and cognitive deficits in ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Relapsing-Remitting Behavioural Variant of Frontotemporal Dementia in a Bipolar Patient
- Abstract: SummaryWe report the case of a bipolar I patient who was diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia at the age of 54 during a manic episode. Her neurological state improved when this episode ended. Each subsequent thymic relapse was associated with cognitive deficits which subsided when the patient ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Jul 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: SummaryWe report the case of a bipolar I patient who was diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia at the age of 54 during a manic episode. Her neurological state improved when this episode ended. Each subsequent thymic relapse was associated with cognitive deficits which subsided when the patient ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Physical Therapy Program for Cervical Dystonia: A Study of 20 Cases
- Abstract: SummaryBotulinum toxin (BTX) is the best therapeutic option in patients with cervical dystonia (CD), but physical therapy (PT) can be added to the treatment to achieve better results. Forty of our 70 patients with CD were enrolled in a controlled open study. Subjects were divided into two groups: ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Jul 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: SummaryBotulinum toxin (BTX) is the best therapeutic option in patients with cervical dystonia (CD), but physical therapy (PT) can be added to the treatment to achieve better results. Forty of our 70 patients with CD were enrolled in a controlled open study. Subjects were divided into two groups: ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Finding the Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) in Signed Numbers: Notational Effects in Accessing Number Representation
- Abstract: SummaryThe present study investigates basic numerical processing in deaf signers and hearing individuals by evaluating notational effects (Arabic digits vs Italian sign language number signs) and response modality (manual vs pedal) in a parity judgment task. Overall, a standard SNARC effect emerged ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Jul 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: SummaryThe present study investigates basic numerical processing in deaf signers and hearing individuals by evaluating notational effects (Arabic digits vs Italian sign language number signs) and response modality (manual vs pedal) in a parity judgment task. Overall, a standard SNARC effect emerged ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Cortical Excitability and Neurology: Insights into the Pathophysiology
- Abstract: SummaryTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique developed to non-invasively investigate the integrity of human motor corticospinal tracts. Over the last three decades, the use of stimulation paradigms including single- pulse TMS, paired-pulse TMS, repetitive TMS, and integration with ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Jul 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: SummaryTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique developed to non-invasively investigate the integrity of human motor corticospinal tracts. Over the last three decades, the use of stimulation paradigms including single- pulse TMS, paired-pulse TMS, repetitive TMS, and integration with ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Clinical Differentiation and Outcome Evaluation in Vegetative and Minimally Conscious State Patients: The Neurophysiological Approach
- Abstract: SummaryThe neurophysiological approach to patients with disorders of consciousness allows recording of both central and peripheral nervous system electrical activities and provides a functional assessment. Data obtained using this approach can supplement information from clinical neurological ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Jul 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: SummaryThe neurophysiological approach to patients with disorders of consciousness allows recording of both central and peripheral nervous system electrical activities and provides a functional assessment. Data obtained using this approach can supplement information from clinical neurological ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Depressive Symptoms among Surrogate Decision Makers in Lebanese ICUs
- Abstract: SummarySurrogate decision making is advocated to protect the vulnerable patient. Family members of patients in intensive care units (ICUs) are prone to develop depressive symptoms which may undermine their decisional capacity. Lebanon is a multicultural country where paternalism still dominates the ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Apr 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: SummarySurrogate decision making is advocated to protect the vulnerable patient. Family members of patients in intensive care units (ICUs) are prone to develop depressive symptoms which may undermine their decisional capacity. Lebanon is a multicultural country where paternalism still dominates the ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Toward the Connectomic Era
- Abstract: Dear Reader,Neuroscience recently embarked on a new landmark era: in the wake of the Decade of the Brain (1991-2000) and the Decade of Behavior (2001-2010), it has now entered the Decade of the Mind (2011-2020). But what exactly is driving this evolution, and what do these labels actually mean' As ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Apr 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Dear Reader,Neuroscience recently embarked on a new landmark era: in the wake of the Decade of the Brain (1991-2000) and the Decade of Behavior (2001-2010), it has now entered the Decade of the Mind (2011-2020). But what exactly is driving this evolution, and what do these labels actually mean' As ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Mortality and Prognosis in Patients with Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension
- Abstract: SummaryThe prognosis of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (NOH) has been poorly studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively comorbidities and causes of death in patients with NOH. Clinical information and causes of death were obtained for 104 patients (45 with multiple system ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Apr 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: SummaryThe prognosis of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (NOH) has been poorly studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively comorbidities and causes of death in patients with NOH. Clinical information and causes of death were obtained for 104 patients (45 with multiple system ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Lombardia GENS: A Collaborative Registry for Monogenic Diseases Associated with Stroke
- Abstract: SummaryThe Italian region of Lombardy, with its existing stroke centers and high-technology laboratories, provides a favorable context for studying monogenic diseases associated with stroke. The Lombardia GENS project was set up to create a regional network for the diagnosis of six monogenic ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Apr 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: SummaryThe Italian region of Lombardy, with its existing stroke centers and high-technology laboratories, provides a favorable context for studying monogenic diseases associated with stroke. The Lombardia GENS project was set up to create a regional network for the diagnosis of six monogenic ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- The Prognostic Value of Motor-Evoked Potentials in Motor Recovery and Functional Outcome after Stroke - a Systematic Review of the Literature
- Abstract: SummaryThe aim of this study was to systematically review published data on the value of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in predicting motor recovery of the upper extremity and general functional outcome early after stroke.We searched PubMed for original prognostic studies. Only full-text original ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Apr 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: SummaryThe aim of this study was to systematically review published data on the value of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in predicting motor recovery of the upper extremity and general functional outcome early after stroke.We searched PubMed for original prognostic studies. Only full-text original ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- A New Approach to Structural Integrity Assessment Based on Axial and Radial Diffusivities
- Abstract: SummaryThis study describes a method for performing diffusivity measures along and across a specific direction, derived from white matter in healthy controls. The diffusion tensor (DT) assigns a principal eigenvector (v^sub 1^) and eigenvalue (axial diffusivity, d^sub ax^) to each voxel. The ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Apr 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: SummaryThis study describes a method for performing diffusivity measures along and across a specific direction, derived from white matter in healthy controls. The diffusion tensor (DT) assigns a principal eigenvector (v^sub 1^) and eigenvalue (axial diffusivity, d^sub ax^) to each voxel. The ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Evidence of Increased Restless Legs Syndrome Occurrence in Chronic and Highly Disabling Migraine
- Abstract: SummaryThe existence of an association between migraine and restless legs syndrome (RLS) has recently been reported, although the possible implications of this for migraine clinical presentation remain poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to determine RLS frequency in a population ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Apr 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: SummaryThe existence of an association between migraine and restless legs syndrome (RLS) has recently been reported, although the possible implications of this for migraine clinical presentation remain poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to determine RLS frequency in a population ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- A Case for Full Spinal Screening in Trauma Patients without Obvious Clinical Signs
- Abstract: Dear Sir,Motor vehicle accidents with traumatic spinal cord injury are a common reason for emergency department visits. If trauma to the head and neck is suspected, cervical spine imaging is commonly performed (1) but thoracic and lumbar spinal regions are not imaged unless there are clinical signs ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Apr 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Dear Sir,Motor vehicle accidents with traumatic spinal cord injury are a common reason for emergency department visits. If trauma to the head and neck is suspected, cervical spine imaging is commonly performed (1) but thoracic and lumbar spinal regions are not imaged unless there are clinical signs ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Cesare Lombroso: an anthropologist between evolution and degeneration
- Abstract: Summary Cesare Lombroso (1835-1909) was a prominent Italian medical doctor and intellectual in the second half of the nineteenth century. He became world famous for his theory that criminality, madness and genius were all sides of the same psychobiological condition: an expression of degeneration, ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary Cesare Lombroso (1835-1909) was a prominent Italian medical doctor and intellectual in the second half of the nineteenth century. He became world famous for his theory that criminality, madness and genius were all sides of the same psychobiological condition: an expression of degeneration, ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Alexithymia may modulate decision making in patients with de novo Parkinson's disease
- Abstract: Summary The aim of this study was to investigate whether and how alexithymia may influence decision making under conditions of uncertainty, assessed using the Iowa Gambling Task, in patients with newly diagnosed, untreated (de novo) Parkinson's disease, as previously reported for healthy subjects. ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary The aim of this study was to investigate whether and how alexithymia may influence decision making under conditions of uncertainty, assessed using the Iowa Gambling Task, in patients with newly diagnosed, untreated (de novo) Parkinson's disease, as previously reported for healthy subjects. ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Assessing self-awareness of dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease through movie materials
- Abstract: Summary The aim of our study was to determine self-awareness of dyskinesias and other core motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) through the use of movie presentations. A scale based on 10 movies (five depicting dyskinesias and five showing core symptoms) and the Self-Assessment Parkinson's ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary The aim of our study was to determine self-awareness of dyskinesias and other core motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) through the use of movie presentations. A scale based on 10 movies (five depicting dyskinesias and five showing core symptoms) and the Self-Assessment Parkinson's ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Cerebrovascular reactivity during the Valsalva maneuver in migraine, tension-type headache and medication overuse headache
- Abstract: Summary The aim of this study was to investigate, by means of transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD), cerebrovascular reactivity during the Valsalva maneuver (VM) during the headache-free interval in patients with migraine (M), migraine plus tension-type headache (M+TTH), and migraine plus ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary The aim of this study was to investigate, by means of transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD), cerebrovascular reactivity during the Valsalva maneuver (VM) during the headache-free interval in patients with migraine (M), migraine plus tension-type headache (M+TTH), and migraine plus ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Cerebrovascular diseases at the C. Mondino National Institute of Neurology: from Ottorino Rossi to the present day
- Abstract: Summary This paper traces the development of research and healthcare models in the field of cerebrovascular disorders at the C. Mondino National Institute of Neurology in Pavia, Italy. It starts with a description of the original experiences of Ottorino Rossi and his thesis on atherosclerosis which ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary This paper traces the development of research and healthcare models in the field of cerebrovascular disorders at the C. Mondino National Institute of Neurology in Pavia, Italy. It starts with a description of the original experiences of Ottorino Rossi and his thesis on atherosclerosis which ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Effect of prior medical treatments on ischemic stroke severity and outcome
- Abstract: Summary Antiplatelets, antihypertensives, and statins might reduce the severity of the event or improve outcome in patients who, despite prior medical treatment, have a stroke. We evaluated, in patients who had an ischemic stroke, the effect, on stroke severity and outcome, of prior treatment with ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary Antiplatelets, antihypertensives, and statins might reduce the severity of the event or improve outcome in patients who, despite prior medical treatment, have a stroke. We evaluated, in patients who had an ischemic stroke, the effect, on stroke severity and outcome, of prior treatment with ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Tension-type headache: one or more headaches'
- Abstract: Summary In this context, the focus will be on the homogeneity of tension-type headache (T-TH): is it a disease' Or: is it more likely to be a syndrome' A multiplicity of disorders from as drastically different fields of medicine as disorders caused by environmental gases, intra-psychic conflicts, ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary In this context, the focus will be on the homogeneity of tension-type headache (T-TH): is it a disease' Or: is it more likely to be a syndrome' A multiplicity of disorders from as drastically different fields of medicine as disorders caused by environmental gases, intra-psychic conflicts, ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Sensitivity and specificity for screening of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency using a multimodal non-invasive imaging approach in patients with multiple sclerosis
- Abstract: Summary The aim of this study was to investigate whether a combination of Doppler sonography (DS) and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) on 3T MRI increases specificity for detection of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) in 171 (113 relapsing-remitting, 47 secondary-progressive, 11 ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary The aim of this study was to investigate whether a combination of Doppler sonography (DS) and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) on 3T MRI increases specificity for detection of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) in 171 (113 relapsing-remitting, 47 secondary-progressive, 11 ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Screening for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) using ultrasound. Recommendations for a protocol
- Abstract: Summary Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a syndrome characterized by stenoses or obstructions of the internal jugular and/or azygos veins with disturbed flow and formation of collateral venous channels. Ultrasound and venographic studies of the internal jugular and azygos ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a syndrome characterized by stenoses or obstructions of the internal jugular and/or azygos veins with disturbed flow and formation of collateral venous channels. Ultrasound and venographic studies of the internal jugular and azygos ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Italian neurology: past, present and future
- Abstract: Summary This short history of the Italian Society of Neurology focuses on its founders and leading personalities. The article also considers the present and the future of Italian neurology, emphasising in particular the scientific impact of Italian neurological research on the main international ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary This short history of the Italian Society of Neurology focuses on its founders and leading personalities. The article also considers the present and the future of Italian neurology, emphasising in particular the scientific impact of Italian neurological research on the main international ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Obituary: Emilia Martignoni (1951-2011)
- Abstract: On March 22, she left Varese for the heavens above where, with the angels, her work continues. Her lifetime of scientific work, wisdom and generosity will always be a valuable asset to the Italian University world. Giuseppe Nappi, Stefano Ruggieri (Corriere della Sera, 25-03-2011) In personal and ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: On March 22, she left Varese for the heavens above where, with the angels, her work continues. Her lifetime of scientific work, wisdom and generosity will always be a valuable asset to the Italian University world. Giuseppe Nappi, Stefano Ruggieri (Corriere della Sera, 25-03-2011) In personal and ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): from a childhood neuropsychiatric disorder to an adult condition
- Abstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood neuropsychiatric disorders and it often persists into adulthood; it is a neurobiological syndrome with an estimated prevalence among children and adolescents of 5%. The psychopathology of this disorder is marked by ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood neuropsychiatric disorders and it often persists into adulthood; it is a neurobiological syndrome with an estimated prevalence among children and adolescents of 5%. The psychopathology of this disorder is marked by ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- The effects of alcohol on cognition in the elderly: from protection to neurodegeneration
- Abstract: Summary The effects of chronic alcohol abuse on cognition are well known. Memory and executive functions appear to be the cognitive domains primarily impaired, and prefrontal and frontal damage is reported on neuroimaging studies both at micro- and macrostructural levels. Abstinence can partially ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary The effects of chronic alcohol abuse on cognition are well known. Memory and executive functions appear to be the cognitive domains primarily impaired, and prefrontal and frontal damage is reported on neuroimaging studies both at micro- and macrostructural levels. Abstinence can partially ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Message from the outgoing Editor-in-Chief
- Abstract: Dear Readers, My personal "Functional Neurology adventure", which began in 2005 when I took over as Editor-in-Chief for two mandates, has now come to its natural conclusion and the time has come to pass the baton to our Associate Editor, Prof. Egidio Ugo D'Angelo, a friend and esteemed scientist. ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Dear Readers, My personal "Functional Neurology adventure", which began in 2005 when I took over as Editor-in-Chief for two mandates, has now come to its natural conclusion and the time has come to pass the baton to our Associate Editor, Prof. Egidio Ugo D'Angelo, a friend and esteemed scientist. ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Prevalence of extracranial venous abnormalities: results from a sample of 586 multiple sclerosis patients
- Abstract: Summary The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in an unselected cohort of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. A total of 586 patients with clinically defined MS underwent catheter venography of the internal jugular veins, brachiocephalic veins ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in an unselected cohort of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. A total of 586 patients with clinically defined MS underwent catheter venography of the internal jugular veins, brachiocephalic veins ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in multiple sclerosis: a historical perspective
- Abstract: Summary Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a term used to describe impaired venous drainage from the central nervous system (CNS) caused by abnormalities in anatomy and flow affecting the extracranial veins. Recently, it has been proposed that CCSVI may contribute to the ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a term used to describe impaired venous drainage from the central nervous system (CNS) caused by abnormalities in anatomy and flow affecting the extracranial veins. Recently, it has been proposed that CCSVI may contribute to the ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- The Italian neurological schools of the twentieth century
- Abstract: Summary This lecture is not a historical lecture, but rather a journey through the "story" of neurology in Italy from its "prehistoric" beginning in the 19th century. The birth of a neurological school is that magical moment in which a founder attracts disciples: the more capable this founder is of ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary This lecture is not a historical lecture, but rather a journey through the "story" of neurology in Italy from its "prehistoric" beginning in the 19th century. The birth of a neurological school is that magical moment in which a founder attracts disciples: the more capable this founder is of ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- The XXI Ottorino Rossi Award "New Series": The Founders of Neurology
- Abstract: Who was Ottorino Rossi' Ottorino Rossi was born on 17 January, 1877, in Solbiate Comasco, a tiny Italian village near Como. In 1895 he enroled at the medical faculty of the University of Pavia as a student of the Ghislieri College and during his undergraduate years he was an intern pupil of the ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Who was Ottorino Rossi' Ottorino Rossi was born on 17 January, 1877, in Solbiate Comasco, a tiny Italian village near Como. In 1895 he enroled at the medical faculty of the University of Pavia as a student of the Ghislieri College and during his undergraduate years he was an intern pupil of the ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Changes in muscle activity determine progression of clinical symptoms in patients with chronic spine-related muscle pain. A complex clinical and neurophysiological approach
- Abstract: Summary Spine-related muscle pain can affect muscle strength and motor unit activity. This study was undertaken to investigate whether surface electromyographic (sEMG) recordings performed during relaxation and maximal contraction reveal differences in the activity of muscles with or without ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary Spine-related muscle pain can affect muscle strength and motor unit activity. This study was undertaken to investigate whether surface electromyographic (sEMG) recordings performed during relaxation and maximal contraction reveal differences in the activity of muscles with or without ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- The autistic phenotype in Down syndrome: differences in adaptive behaviour versus Down syndrome alone and autistic disorder alone
- Abstract: Summary The autistic phenotype in Down syndrome (DS) is marked by a characteristic pattern of stereotypies, anxiety and social withdrawal. Our aim was to study adaptive behaviour in DS with and without autistic comorbidity using the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales (VABS), the Childhood Autism ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary The autistic phenotype in Down syndrome (DS) is marked by a characteristic pattern of stereotypies, anxiety and social withdrawal. Our aim was to study adaptive behaviour in DS with and without autistic comorbidity using the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales (VABS), the Childhood Autism ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- No auditory conduction abnormality in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Abstract: Summary Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral developmental disorder characterized by lack of sustained attention and hyperactivity. It has been suggested that asymmetrical conduction of the auditory stimulus in the brainstem plays a role in the pathophysiological ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral developmental disorder characterized by lack of sustained attention and hyperactivity. It has been suggested that asymmetrical conduction of the auditory stimulus in the brainstem plays a role in the pathophysiological ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- 'Venous insufficiency' is not the cause of multiple sclerosis (MS) (but it could be a risk factor for MS and for different brain disorders)
- Abstract: In the last four years several studies have been conducted and many articles have been published on the possible role of venous insufficiency in multiple sclerosis (MS). In a preliminary study, published in 2007 by Zamboni et al., 89 MS patients and 60 healthy subjects were investigated using the ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: In the last four years several studies have been conducted and many articles have been published on the possible role of venous insufficiency in multiple sclerosis (MS). In a preliminary study, published in 2007 by Zamboni et al., 89 MS patients and 60 healthy subjects were investigated using the ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics in patients with multiple sclerosis: a phase contrast magnetic resonance study
- Abstract: Summary Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow dynamics, which supposedly have a strong relationship with chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI), might be expected to be affected in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. In this study, CSF flow at the level of the cerebral aqueduct was evaluated ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow dynamics, which supposedly have a strong relationship with chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI), might be expected to be affected in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. In this study, CSF flow at the level of the cerebral aqueduct was evaluated ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Resting-State EEG Study of Comatose Patients: A Connectivity and Frequency Analysis to Find Differences between Vegetative and Minimally Conscious States
- Abstract: Summary The aim of this study was to look for differences in the power spectra and in EEG connectivity measures between patients in the vegetative state (VS/UWS) and patients in the minimally conscious state (MCS). The EEG of 31 patients was recorded and analyzed. Power spectra were obtained using ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: Summary The aim of this study was to look for differences in the power spectra and in EEG connectivity measures between patients in the vegetative state (VS/UWS) and patients in the minimally conscious state (MCS). The EEG of 31 patients was recorded and analyzed. Power spectra were obtained using ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Pavia, September, 1961: A Window on Muscles and Nerves
- Abstract: Summary In September 1961, the First International Congress of Electromyography (EMG) was held at the University of Pavia. This event proved to be a sort of foundation stone for the further development of EMG as an organized field. Many of the most distinguished clinical neurophysiologists attended ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: Summary In September 1961, the First International Congress of Electromyography (EMG) was held at the University of Pavia. This event proved to be a sort of foundation stone for the further development of EMG as an organized field. Many of the most distinguished clinical neurophysiologists attended ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- The Neurological School of Prof. Cornelio Fazio (1950-2010)
- Abstract: From the lecture delivered by Prof. Cesare Fieschi, MD, PhD, Professor Emeritus of Neurology, University of Rome, winner of the XXII Ottorino Rossi Award. New Series "The Founders of Neurology" - 21 June 2011 I first met Prof. Fazio in Genoa, in 1956, the year in which I graduated and he took up ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: From the lecture delivered by Prof. Cesare Fieschi, MD, PhD, Professor Emeritus of Neurology, University of Rome, winner of the XXII Ottorino Rossi Award. New Series "The Founders of Neurology" - 21 June 2011 I first met Prof. Fazio in Genoa, in 1956, the year in which I graduated and he took up ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Progression to Dementia in a Population with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: Clinical Variables Associated with Conversion
- Abstract: Summary The aim of this study was to investigate clinical predictors of, and rates of conversion to, dementia syndrome in a case series of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Two hundred and eight aMCI subjects were followed over a six-year period. A lower Mini Mental State ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: Summary The aim of this study was to investigate clinical predictors of, and rates of conversion to, dementia syndrome in a case series of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Two hundred and eight aMCI subjects were followed over a six-year period. A lower Mini Mental State ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Risk Factors for and Incidence of Subtypes of Ischemic Stroke
- Abstract: Summary The TOAST classification divides patients with ischemic stroke into five subgroups according to the presumed etiological mechanism. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the distribution of the different etiological stroke subtypes in a hospital-based sample of stroke patients, and ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: Summary The TOAST classification divides patients with ischemic stroke into five subgroups according to the presumed etiological mechanism. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the distribution of the different etiological stroke subtypes in a hospital-based sample of stroke patients, and ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- The Prognosis of Tourette Syndrome: Implications for Clinical Practice
- Abstract: Summary Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset neuropsychiatric condition characterised by multiple motor and phonic tics. Comorbid behavioural problems are common, especially attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Little is known about the ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: Summary Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset neuropsychiatric condition characterised by multiple motor and phonic tics. Comorbid behavioural problems are common, especially attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Little is known about the ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- White Matter Microstructure Alterations in Bipolar Disorder
- Abstract: Summary Genetic, neuropathological and magnetic resonance imaging findings support the presence of diffuse white matter cytoarchitectural disruption in bipolar disorder. In this study, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was applied to study cortical white matter microstructure organisation in 24 ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: Summary Genetic, neuropathological and magnetic resonance imaging findings support the presence of diffuse white matter cytoarchitectural disruption in bipolar disorder. In this study, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was applied to study cortical white matter microstructure organisation in 24 ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Handbook of Clinical Neurology - III Series, Vol. 97 Headache (Elsevier, 2011)
- Abstract: Handbook of Clinical Neurology - III Series, Vol. 97 Headache (Elsevier, 2011) Edited by Giuseppe Nappi and Michael Moskowitz This book is the third volume (following the 1968 and 1985 editions) of the Handbook of Clinical Neurology devoted entirely to the vast and complex subject of headaches. The ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: Handbook of Clinical Neurology - III Series, Vol. 97 Headache (Elsevier, 2011) Edited by Giuseppe Nappi and Michael Moskowitz This book is the third volume (following the 1968 and 1985 editions) of the Handbook of Clinical Neurology devoted entirely to the vast and complex subject of headaches. The ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- New Trends in Neuroscience: The Challenge of Functional Neurology
- Abstract: Dear Reader, The rapid development of the neurosciences necessitates continuous updates over a wide range of disciplines, ultimately converging towards a general understanding of the central nervous system (CNS) - its working as well as its possible mechanisms of impairment and recovery. ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: Dear Reader, The rapid development of the neurosciences necessitates continuous updates over a wide range of disciplines, ultimately converging towards a general understanding of the central nervous system (CNS) - its working as well as its possible mechanisms of impairment and recovery. ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- The XXII Ottorino Rossi Award "New Series": The Founders of Neurology
- Abstract: Who was Ottorino Rossi' Ottorino Rossi was born on 17 January, 1877, in Solbiate Comasco, a tiny Italian village near Como. In 1895 he enrolled at the medical faculty of the University of Pavia as a student of the Ghislieri College and during his undergraduate years he was an intern pupil of the ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: Who was Ottorino Rossi' Ottorino Rossi was born on 17 January, 1877, in Solbiate Comasco, a tiny Italian village near Como. In 1895 he enrolled at the medical faculty of the University of Pavia as a student of the Ghislieri College and during his undergraduate years he was an intern pupil of the ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Venous Angioplasty in Multiple Sclerosis: Neurological Outcome at Two Years in a Cohort of Relapsing-Remitting Patients
- Abstract: Summary An open study was conducted with the aim of reporting long-term clinical outcome of endovascular treatment for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Twenty-nine patients with clinically definite relapsingremitting MS underwent ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: Summary An open study was conducted with the aim of reporting long-term clinical outcome of endovascular treatment for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Twenty-nine patients with clinically definite relapsingremitting MS underwent ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Neuronal circuit function and dysfunction in the cerebellum: from neurons to integrated control
- Abstract: (ProQuest: denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.) Introduction This special issue follows the meeting The Cerebellum: From Neurons to Higher Control and Cognition held in Pavia, Italy, on 8-9 July 2010.1 Ever since the early anatomical discoveries by Golgi and Ramon Y Cajal (1-3), cerebellar ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Thu, 01 Jul 2010 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: (ProQuest: denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.) Introduction This special issue follows the meeting The Cerebellum: From Neurons to Higher Control and Cognition held in Pavia, Italy, on 8-9 July 2010.1 Ever since the early anatomical discoveries by Golgi and Ramon Y Cajal (1-3), cerebellar ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Ataxias and cerebellar dysfunction: involvement of synaptic plasticity deficits'
- Abstract: Summary Adaptive processes within cerebellar circuits, such as long-term depression and long-term potentiation at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses, have long been seen as important to cerebellar motor learning, and yet little attention has been given to any possible significance of these ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Thu, 01 Jul 2010 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary Adaptive processes within cerebellar circuits, such as long-term depression and long-term potentiation at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses, have long been seen as important to cerebellar motor learning, and yet little attention has been given to any possible significance of these ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Presynaptic plasticity at cerebellar parallel fiber terminals
- Abstract: Abstract The cerebellum plays a role in the control of sensorimotor functions and possibly also of higher cognitive processing. The granule cells, which are abundant and unique in their characteristic dendritic morphology, allow the cerebellum to combine the advantages of sparse coding with a high ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Thu, 01 Jul 2010 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Abstract The cerebellum plays a role in the control of sensorimotor functions and possibly also of higher cognitive processing. The granule cells, which are abundant and unique in their characteristic dendritic morphology, allow the cerebellum to combine the advantages of sparse coding with a high ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: a tool for human cerebellar plasticity
- Abstract: Abstract Non-invasive brain stimulation methods, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), are currently used to modulate the excitability of the cerebral cortex, providing important insights into mechanisms of cortical plasticity. Used to create long-lasting changes in the ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Thu, 01 Jul 2010 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Abstract Non-invasive brain stimulation methods, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), are currently used to modulate the excitability of the cerebral cortex, providing important insights into mechanisms of cortical plasticity. Used to create long-lasting changes in the ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- The role of the calcium transporter protein plasma membrane calcium ATPase PMCA2 in cerebellar Purkinje neuron function
- Abstract: Abstract Genetic deletion of the plasma membrane calcium ATPase type 2 (PMCA2), a calcium transporter protein, is associated with an overtly ataxic phenotype in mice. PMCA2 is expressed at high levels in cerebellar Purkinje neurons (PNs) where functional integrity is essential for normal cerebellar ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Thu, 01 Jul 2010 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Abstract Genetic deletion of the plasma membrane calcium ATPase type 2 (PMCA2), a calcium transporter protein, is associated with an overtly ataxic phenotype in mice. PMCA2 is expressed at high levels in cerebellar Purkinje neurons (PNs) where functional integrity is essential for normal cerebellar ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation over the cerebellum and eye movements: state of the art
- Abstract: Abstract Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) transiently induces an electrical field in the tissues beneath the area of application, thereby perturbing local cortical activity if applied over the scalp. It can therefore be used to modulate cerebellar function in healthy humans. Even though the ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Thu, 01 Jul 2010 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Abstract Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) transiently induces an electrical field in the tissues beneath the area of application, thereby perturbing local cortical activity if applied over the scalp. It can therefore be used to modulate cerebellar function in healthy humans. Even though the ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Ataxia and the olivo-cerebellar module
- Abstract: Abstract Ataxia is a neurological symptom characterized by abnormal movement, due to cerebellar malfunction. Although the cause of the malfunction varies, from mutations in calcium or potassium channels to progressive degeneration of cerebellar tissue, the neurological symptoms of ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Thu, 01 Jul 2010 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Abstract Ataxia is a neurological symptom characterized by abnormal movement, due to cerebellar malfunction. Although the cause of the malfunction varies, from mutations in calcium or potassium channels to progressive degeneration of cerebellar tissue, the neurological symptoms of ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Evaluation of neuropsychological functions in patients with Friedreich ataxia before and after cognitive therapy
- Abstract: Summary Friedreich ataxia (FA) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive nervous system damage resulting in severe disability. Cognitive functions and mood disorders in FA have been studied little and with conflicting results. The aim of this study was to investigate cognitive ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Thu, 01 Apr 2010 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary Friedreich ataxia (FA) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive nervous system damage resulting in severe disability. Cognitive functions and mood disorders in FA have been studied little and with conflicting results. The aim of this study was to investigate cognitive ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Spinal muscular atrophy: from animal model to clinical trial
- Abstract: Summary Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by degeneration and loss of lower motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem. Clinically, SMA has been classified into four types, according to the maximum function attained. The disease is caused by deletion ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Thu, 01 Apr 2010 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by degeneration and loss of lower motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem. Clinically, SMA has been classified into four types, according to the maximum function attained. The disease is caused by deletion ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Event-related potentials study in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Abstract: Summary Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood disorder characterized by lack of sustained attention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Children with ADHD have functional impairment occurring at multiple levels. In the present study, cognitive status was assessed using auditory ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Thu, 01 Apr 2010 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood disorder characterized by lack of sustained attention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Children with ADHD have functional impairment occurring at multiple levels. In the present study, cognitive status was assessed using auditory ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Characterisation of the sympathetic skin response evoked by own-face recognition in healthy subjects
- Abstract: Summary The ability to recognise one's own face is crucial for self-identity formation and it plays a key role in the development of social interactions. Our starting hypothesis was that own-face recognition may be a psychophysiological phenomenon capable of activating the vegetative system in a ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Thu, 01 Apr 2010 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary The ability to recognise one's own face is crucial for self-identity formation and it plays a key role in the development of social interactions. Our starting hypothesis was that own-face recognition may be a psychophysiological phenomenon capable of activating the vegetative system in a ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Imaging not imagination: towards a revision of the role of neuroimaging in the diagnosis of dementia
- Abstract: Dementia is an acquired global impairment of intellect, memory and personality, but without impairment of consciousness. There is often an associated deterioration in emotional control, social behaviour and motivation. Dementing disorders can be classified into different types; the NINDS-NIH ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Thu, 01 Apr 2010 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Dementia is an acquired global impairment of intellect, memory and personality, but without impairment of consciousness. There is often an associated deterioration in emotional control, social behaviour and motivation. Dementing disorders can be classified into different types; the NINDS-NIH ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- An update on the potential role of excitotoxicity in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease
- Abstract: Summary The primary cause of the neurodegenerative process that underlies Parkinson's disease (PD) is still unknown. Different mechanisms probably contribute to triggering neuronal death in the nigrostriatal pathway, including mitochondrial defects, oxidative stress and proteolytic stress. ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Thu, 01 Apr 2010 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary The primary cause of the neurodegenerative process that underlies Parkinson's disease (PD) is still unknown. Different mechanisms probably contribute to triggering neuronal death in the nigrostriatal pathway, including mitochondrial defects, oxidative stress and proteolytic stress. ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Use of surface EMG for evaluation of upper limb spasticity during botulinum toxin therapy in stroke patients
- Abstract: Summary The clinical assessment of spasticity in stroke patients generally includes descriptive scales, such as the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and the Global Pain Scale (GPS), however these may not be sufficiently sensitive to accurately detect improvements, especially at upper limb level; ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Thu, 01 Apr 2010 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary The clinical assessment of spasticity in stroke patients generally includes descriptive scales, such as the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and the Global Pain Scale (GPS), however these may not be sufficiently sensitive to accurately detect improvements, especially at upper limb level; ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- 3 Tesla is twice as sensitive as 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of diffuse axonal injury in traumatic brain injury patients
- Abstract: Summary Diffuse axonal injury (DAI), associated with deafferentation and functional rearrangement, probably plays a role in the chronic phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI). DAI with a haemorrhagic component can be quantified using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) thanks to the iron-based ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Thu, 01 Apr 2010 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary Diffuse axonal injury (DAI), associated with deafferentation and functional rearrangement, probably plays a role in the chronic phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI). DAI with a haemorrhagic component can be quantified using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) thanks to the iron-based ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Rotigotine transdermal patch in the management of Parkinson's disease (PD) and its night-time use for PD-related sleep disorders
- Abstract: Summary Rotigotine (Neupro®) is a non-ergolinic dopamine agonist available as a transdermal patch that can be applied once daily. To date, it is approved as monotherapy for the treatment of early Parkinson's disease (PD), and as adjunctive therapy to levodopa in the treatment of PD, including the ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: Summary Rotigotine (Neupro®) is a non-ergolinic dopamine agonist available as a transdermal patch that can be applied once daily. To date, it is approved as monotherapy for the treatment of early Parkinson's disease (PD), and as adjunctive therapy to levodopa in the treatment of PD, including the ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- The usefulness of testing head and neck muscle tenderness and neck mobility in acute headache patients
- Abstract: Summary The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of pericranial muscle tenderness (PT) and neck mobility assessment in differentiating primary from secondary headache in patients with acute headache, when life-threatening conditions like subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: Summary The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of pericranial muscle tenderness (PT) and neck mobility assessment in differentiating primary from secondary headache in patients with acute headache, when life-threatening conditions like subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- No synergistic effect of mesenchymal stem cells and exercise on functional recovery following sciatic nerve transection
- Abstract: Abstract The present study examined whether transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in combination with exercise would have synergistic effects leading to functional recovery that is greater than exercise alone. Sprague-Dawley rats received a sciatic nerve transection and were divided into ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: Abstract The present study examined whether transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in combination with exercise would have synergistic effects leading to functional recovery that is greater than exercise alone. Sprague-Dawley rats received a sciatic nerve transection and were divided into ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Child visuomotor skills: preliminary findings using a new low-cost movement analysis method
- Abstract: Abstract Visuomotor skills are obviously important in activities of daily living. In school-aged children they are particularly important in writing and reading processes. The assessment of these skills is usually performed through neuropsychological or complex neurophysiological tests. We present ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: Abstract Visuomotor skills are obviously important in activities of daily living. In school-aged children they are particularly important in writing and reading processes. The assessment of these skills is usually performed through neuropsychological or complex neurophysiological tests. We present ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Indomethacin responsive headache syndromes: chronic paroxysmal hemicrania and Hemicrania continua. How they were discovered and what we have learned since
- Abstract: Summary In the indomethacin responsive headaches (IRHs), chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH) and Hemicrania continua (HC), the indomethacin (INDO) response is swift, absolute, and permanent, with moderate doses. Traditionally, CPH has been linked to cluster headache (CH) due to clinical ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: Summary In the indomethacin responsive headaches (IRHs), chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH) and Hemicrania continua (HC), the indomethacin (INDO) response is swift, absolute, and permanent, with moderate doses. Traditionally, CPH has been linked to cluster headache (CH) due to clinical ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- The prevalence and clinical characteristics of pathological gambling in Parkinson's disease: an evidence-based review
- Abstract: Abstract Large prospective studies in the USA and Canada have estimated the prevalence of pathological gambling (PG) in the general population at 0.43% and 1% respectively. Studies using equivalent methodology in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have reported markedly higher prevalence rates. ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: Abstract Large prospective studies in the USA and Canada have estimated the prevalence of pathological gambling (PG) in the general population at 0.43% and 1% respectively. Studies using equivalent methodology in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have reported markedly higher prevalence rates. ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Autism and genius: is there a link' The involvement of central brain loops and hypotheses for functional testing
- Abstract: Summary Mental processing is the product of the huge number of synaptic interactions that occur in the brain. It is easier to understand how brain functions can deteriorate than how they might be boosted. Lying at the border between the humanities, cognitive science and neurophysiology, some mental ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: Summary Mental processing is the product of the huge number of synaptic interactions that occur in the brain. It is easier to understand how brain functions can deteriorate than how they might be boosted. Lying at the border between the humanities, cognitive science and neurophysiology, some mental ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Otto Marburg's "On the question of amusia"
- Abstract: While linguistic expression is an ability mediated almost exclusively by the left cerebral hemisphere, increasing evidence shows that the right hemisphere ensures the ability of musical expression. Nevertheless, it is questionable whether such a clear independence exists for musical expression, ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: While linguistic expression is an ability mediated almost exclusively by the left cerebral hemisphere, increasing evidence shows that the right hemisphere ensures the ability of musical expression. Nevertheless, it is questionable whether such a clear independence exists for musical expression, ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Gender differences in the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease
- Abstract: Summary Prevalence studies on dementia generally show a higher risk in women than in men. American studies reported equal rates whereas European ones showed higher rates in women. Observational studies on hormone replacement therapy showed that treated women had a lower risk than untreated ones. ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Wed, 01 Apr 2009 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary Prevalence studies on dementia generally show a higher risk in women than in men. American studies reported equal rates whereas European ones showed higher rates in women. Observational studies on hormone replacement therapy showed that treated women had a lower risk than untreated ones. ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Added diagnostic utility of CT perfusion and CT angiography in acute ischemic stroke. Evaluation of three different patient categories
- Abstract: Summary Patients with a clinical picture of acute ischemic stroke are a heterogeneous group. The aim of this study was to evaluate the added utility of CT perfusion (CTP) and CT angiography (CTA) in the workup of three different categories of acute ischemic stroke patients. Fifty patients (61±15 ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Wed, 01 Apr 2009 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary Patients with a clinical picture of acute ischemic stroke are a heterogeneous group. The aim of this study was to evaluate the added utility of CT perfusion (CTP) and CT angiography (CTA) in the workup of three different categories of acute ischemic stroke patients. Fifty patients (61±15 ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Splitting the technology: functional imaging between open and high-field magnetic resonance
- Abstract: Science shows an ineluctable tendency to repeat history, replicating its course and models but on different temporal scales. The advance of science, and specifically medical science, can be charted in its progression from philosophy to physics, anatomy, physiology and, recently, to more complex ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Wed, 01 Apr 2009 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Science shows an ineluctable tendency to repeat history, replicating its course and models but on different temporal scales. The advance of science, and specifically medical science, can be charted in its progression from philosophy to physics, anatomy, physiology and, recently, to more complex ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Psychosexual well-being in women using oral contraceptives containing drospirenone
- Abstract: Summary Considerable advances have been made in hormonal contraception in recent years, geared at maximizing compliance and minimizing discontinuation. In oral contraceptive (OC) formulations, the estrogenic component, generally ethinyl estradiol (EE), has been reduced significantly and newer ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Wed, 01 Apr 2009 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary Considerable advances have been made in hormonal contraception in recent years, geared at maximizing compliance and minimizing discontinuation. In oral contraceptive (OC) formulations, the estrogenic component, generally ethinyl estradiol (EE), has been reduced significantly and newer ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Effects of systemic administration of the essential oil of bergamot (BEO) on gross behaviour and EEG power spectra recorded from the rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex
- Abstract: Summary Bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau) is a citrus fruit growing almost exclusively in the South of Italy. Its essential oil is obtained by cold pressing of the epicarp and, partly, of the mesocarp of the fresh fruit. Although this phytocomplex has been used for centuries, reputedly ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Wed, 01 Apr 2009 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary Bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau) is a citrus fruit growing almost exclusively in the South of Italy. Its essential oil is obtained by cold pressing of the epicarp and, partly, of the mesocarp of the fresh fruit. Although this phytocomplex has been used for centuries, reputedly ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Depression in women with epilepsy: clinical and neurobiological aspects
- Abstract: Summary Patients affected by epilepsy show a considerably higher incidence of depression compared with the general population. Since women are twice as likely as men to suffer from depression, female gender could be considered a major risk factor for developing this condition. Converging lines of ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Wed, 01 Apr 2009 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary Patients affected by epilepsy show a considerably higher incidence of depression compared with the general population. Since women are twice as likely as men to suffer from depression, female gender could be considered a major risk factor for developing this condition. Converging lines of ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Localisation of cervical spinal cord compression by TMS and MRI
- Abstract: Summary The authors set out to study the role of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the pre-surgical assessment of patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Central motor conduction time (CMCT) was calculated in 50 patients and 50 controls by recording muscle evoked potentials from ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Wed, 01 Apr 2009 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary The authors set out to study the role of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the pre-surgical assessment of patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Central motor conduction time (CMCT) was calculated in 50 patients and 50 controls by recording muscle evoked potentials from ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Women, alcohol and the environment: an update and perspectives in neuroscience
- Abstract: Summary This paper highlights gender peculiarities in the neuroscience of alcohol effects and draws attention to emerging problems due to simultaneous exposure to alcohol and environmental factors. All the available gender studies on alcohol show greater severity of alcohol- related damage, ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Wed, 01 Apr 2009 00:00:00 -050
- Abstract: Summary This paper highlights gender peculiarities in the neuroscience of alcohol effects and draws attention to emerging problems due to simultaneous exposure to alcohol and environmental factors. All the available gender studies on alcohol show greater severity of alcohol- related damage, ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- The ABC of transcranial colour-coded Doppler
- Abstract: Transcranial colour-coded Doppler (TCCD) is a non-invasive technique for studying brain circulation and parenchyma. It provides both morphological and haemodynamic information about cerebral arteries and veins. As for the ultrasound study of other vascular districts, TCCD exploits the coupling of ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: Transcranial colour-coded Doppler (TCCD) is a non-invasive technique for studying brain circulation and parenchyma. It provides both morphological and haemodynamic information about cerebral arteries and veins. As for the ultrasound study of other vascular districts, TCCD exploits the coupling of ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Sonothrombolysis and local drug delivery
- Abstract: Fibrinolytic treatment uses enzymes such as recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), urokinase and streptokinase. These drugs have shown good efficacy (up to 30-40% when used intravenously, iv). Studies conducted over the past decade have aimed to optimise the efficacy and reduce the side ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: Fibrinolytic treatment uses enzymes such as recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), urokinase and streptokinase. These drugs have shown good efficacy (up to 30-40% when used intravenously, iv). Studies conducted over the past decade have aimed to optimise the efficacy and reduce the side ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Ultrasonographic findings and collateral circulation in hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery
- Abstract: Introduction Hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery (HICA) is a rare congenital anomaly caused by incomplete development of the organ, and only a few cases are reported in the literature (1). The prevalence of HICA (including agenesia and aplasia) is estimated to be about 0.01% (1,2). Detection ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: Introduction Hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery (HICA) is a rare congenital anomaly caused by incomplete development of the organ, and only a few cases are reported in the literature (1). The prevalence of HICA (including agenesia and aplasia) is estimated to be about 0.01% (1,2). Detection ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Sexual differentiation of the human brain in relation to gender identity and sexual orientation
- Abstract: Summary During the intrauterine period the fetal brain develops in the male direction through a direct action of testosterone on the developing nerve cells, or in the female direction through the absence of this hormone surge. In this way, our gender identity (the conviction of belonging to the ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: Summary During the intrauterine period the fetal brain develops in the male direction through a direct action of testosterone on the developing nerve cells, or in the female direction through the absence of this hormone surge. In this way, our gender identity (the conviction of belonging to the ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Genes and the dynamics of pain control
- Abstract: Summary There are well-documented sex differences in the prevalence of various painful disorders. To comprehend the mechanisms underlying these differences requires an understanding of the molecular organisation and systems biology that are responsible for the pain experience. The pain system ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: Summary There are well-documented sex differences in the prevalence of various painful disorders. To comprehend the mechanisms underlying these differences requires an understanding of the molecular organisation and systems biology that are responsible for the pain experience. The pain system ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Extracranial carotid ultrasound examination: is everything really clear'
- Abstract: One of the most common criticisms of the extracranial carotid ultrasound (ECUS) examination is that it is operator-dependent and thus cannot be considered basically reliable. For this reason angio-CT and angio- MR scans are used as confirmatory evaluations before carotid endarterectomy or stenting. ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: One of the most common criticisms of the extracranial carotid ultrasound (ECUS) examination is that it is operator-dependent and thus cannot be considered basically reliable. For this reason angio-CT and angio- MR scans are used as confirmatory evaluations before carotid endarterectomy or stenting. ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Brain parenchyma sonography
- Abstract: Transcranial sonography in adult patients is, without doubt, a challenging area because it raises a number of difficulties (ultrasound dampening caused by cranial bone, axial and lateral resolution of the ultrasound beam, progressive reduction of the resolution with decreasing transducer insonation ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: Transcranial sonography in adult patients is, without doubt, a challenging area because it raises a number of difficulties (ultrasound dampening caused by cranial bone, axial and lateral resolution of the ultrasound beam, progressive reduction of the resolution with decreasing transducer insonation ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Clinical trials in acute stroke and transcranial colour-coded sonography (TCCS)
- Abstract: The rationale for using thrombolysis to treat ischaemic stroke is to obtain recanalisation of the occluded arteries in order to restore brain function of hypoperfused areas, saving tissue at risk. Its justification lies in the knowledge that most ischaemic strokes are produced by arterial ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: The rationale for using thrombolysis to treat ischaemic stroke is to obtain recanalisation of the occluded arteries in order to restore brain function of hypoperfused areas, saving tissue at risk. Its justification lies in the knowledge that most ischaemic strokes are produced by arterial ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
- Parkinson's disease and parkinsonisms: imaging
- Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects 3% of the general population. It is the second most common neurological cause of disability and, evolving over decades, has a major and increasing impact on quality of life. The causes of PD are not known, but it is thought that ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
PubDate: Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 -060
- Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects 3% of the general population. It is the second most common neurological cause of disability and, evolving over decades, has a major and increasing impact on quality of life. The causes of PD are not known, but it is thought that ... (Publication: Functional Neurology)
