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Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health

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ISSN (Print) 2210-6006
Published by Elsevier

[2565 journals]

Health conditions of travellers to Saudi Arabia for the pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj and Umra) for 1434 (2013)
- Authors: Ziad A. Memish; A.A. Al-Rabeeah
  Pages: 59 - 61
  Abstract: The Ministry of Health of Saudi Arabia has issued the following requirements and recommendations for entry visas for the Hajj and Umra seasons in 2013 (a) In accordance with the International Health Regulations 2005 , 1 all travellers arriving from countries or areas at risk of yellow fever (listed below) must present a valid yellow fever vaccination certificate showing that the person was vaccinated at least 10days previously and not more than 10years before arrival at the border.
  Citation: Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health 3, 2 (2013)
  PubDate: 2013-04-17
  DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2013.03.001
  Issue No: Vol. 3, No. 2 (2013)
Case reports of hydatid disease
- Authors: A. Usharani; G. Deepica, S. Aruna, Srinivarao kulkarni, G. Sai Kamal Kumar, P. Balamuralikrishna
  Pages: 63 - 66
  Abstract: : Two cases of hydatid cyst were reported in the Microbiology department, Siddartha Medical College in 2011. 42year old female presented with a history of painless swelling in the right inguinal region for 5years which was insidious in onset and gradually increasing in size. She developed itching prior to the hospital visit. 40year old male presented with abdominal swelling since 1year, not associated with vomiting or jaundice. Both the patients were from rural background.Conclusion. Echinococcus granulosus can cause cystic lesions anywhere in the body. High degree of suspicion of hydatid disease is essential in endemic areas in cystic lesions.
  Citation: Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health 3, 2 (2013)
  PubDate: 2013-03-07
  DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2013.01.001
  Issue No: Vol. 3, No. 2 (2013)
HCV infection prevalence in a population recruited at health centers in Jordan
- Authors: Waseem Hamoudi; Sami Adel Sheikh Ali, Mohammad Abdallat, Chris R. Estes, Homie A. Razavi
  Pages: 67 - 71
  Abstract: : Background: Jordan lacks statistical data regarding prevalence of HCV.Aim: To determine the prevalence of HCV in selected areas of Jordan (north, middle and south of Jordan).Methods: A random sample of 700 patients attending health centers was used to determine HCV prevalence. ELISA testing was used to determine HCV-Ab positive cases, which were confirmed by PCR testing.Results and conclusion: The study concluded that the prevalence of HCV infection in the population recruited from different health centers in Jordan is relatively low and estimates a prevalence of 0.42% among all age groups and 0.56% among those aged >15 years old.
  Citation: Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health 3, 2 (2013)
  PubDate: 2013-03-20
  DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2013.02.003
  Issue No: Vol. 3, No. 2 (2013)
A national survey of childhood physical abuse among females in Swaziland
- Authors: Matthew J. Breiding; James A. Mercy, Jama Gulaid, Avid Reza, Nonhlanhla Hleta-Nkambule
  Pages: 73 - 81
  Abstract: : Objective: This study describes the scope and characteristics of childhood physical abuse in a nationally representative sample of 13–24year-old females in Swaziland. The current study also examined health consequences and risk factors of childhood physical abuse.Methods: The study utilized a two-stage cluster sampling design in order to conduct the household survey. Retrospective reports of childhood physical abuse and relevant risk factors were collected from 1292 females. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models examined associations between childhood physical abuse and both health consequences and risk factors.Results: Nearly 1 in 5 females in Swaziland has experienced childhood physical abuse in their lifetime, with nearly 1 in 20 having experienced abuse that was so severe that it required medical attention. A number of risk factors for lifetime childhood physical abuse were identified including: maternal death prior to age 13; having lived with three or more families during their childhood; and having experienced emotional abuse prior to age 13.Conclusions: Preventing childhood physical abuse in Swaziland may be addressed through: promoting safe, stable, and nurturing relationships between children and their caretakers; addressing social norms that contribute to harsh physical punishment; and addressing underlying stressors associated with severe social and economic disadvantage.
  Citation: Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health 3, 2 (2013)
  PubDate: 2013-04-08
  DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2013.02.006
  Issue No: Vol. 3, No. 2 (2013)
Epidemiology of mental health problems in female students: A questionnaire survey
- Authors: Mehdi Mokhtari; Somayeh Farhang Dehghan, Mehdi Asghari, Uonees Ghasembaklo, Ghasem Mohamadyari, Seyed Ali Azadmanesh, Elmira Akbari
  Pages: 83 - 88
  Abstract: : Mental health as a state of well-being can be affected by gender. The present work aims to examine the mental health status in female students and recognize its affecting factors. A cross-sectional study on female students of Payame-Noor University in West Azerbaijan, Iran, was conducted among 1632 students. Data collection tools were the demographic data and the General Health Questionnaires (GHQ-28). The results show that 51.5% of the population under study were healthy and 48.5% have had mental disorders. Based on the social effects on the mental health of students, the correlations between age (p=0.15), location (p=0.29) and parental education (p=0.34) with general health status were assessed and there were no significant differences between them. However, birth order (p
  Citation: Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health 3, 2 (2013)
  PubDate: 2013-03-25
  DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2013.02.005
  Issue No: Vol. 3, No. 2 (2013)
Perinatal factors and breast cancer risk among Hispanics
- Authors: Maureen Sanderson; Adriana Pérez, Mirabel L. Weriwoh, Leah R. Alexander, Gerson Peltz, Vincent Agboto, Heather O’Hara, Waseem Khoder
  Pages: 89 - 94
  Abstract: : Purpose: This study assessed whether perinatal factors were associated with breast cancer among Hispanics, a group with fairly low incidence rates of breast cancer.Methods: Data were used from a case–control study of breast cancer among Hispanics aged 30–79 conducted between 2003 and 2008 on the Texas–Mexico border. In-person interviews were completed with 188 incident breast cancer cases ascertained through surgeons and oncologists, and 974 controls (with respective response rates of 97% and 78%).Results: Relative to birth weight 2500–3999g, there was no elevation in breast cancer risk for birth weight of ⩾4000g (odds ratio [OR] 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47–1.21).Conclusions: The results tended to differ slightly from previous studies of this topic perhaps owing to the different hormonal milieu among Hispanics relative to Caucasians, African Americans and Asians in whom all previous studies of this topic have been conducted. Confirmation of these findings in larger studies may assist in determining how hormonal mechanisms responsible for breast cancer differ by ethnicity.
  Citation: Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health 3, 2 (2013)
  PubDate: 2013-03-13
  DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2013.02.004
  Issue No: Vol. 3, No. 2 (2013)
Prevalence of self-reported diabetes, hypertension and heart disease in individuals seeking State funding in Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
- Authors: Derek Chadee; Terence Seemungal, Lexley M. Pinto Pereira, Mary Chadee, Rohan Maharaj, Surujpal Teelucksingh
  Pages: 95 - 103
  Abstract: : Objective: Diabetes, hypertension and heart disease inflict a heavy health burden on the Caribbean Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. This study assessed the prevalence of self- reported diabetes, hypertension and heart disease in lower socioeconomically placed individuals accessing welfare grants.Method: Data collected between July 2008 and June 2009 were analyzed from 14,793 responses. The survey sought information on education, average monthly income, health, housing, and household facilities.Results: Self-reported disease prevalence was 19.5% (95% CI: 18.9–20.2) for diabetes mellitus; 30.2% (95% CI: 29.5–30.9) for hypertension; and 8.2% (95% CI: 7.7–8.6) for cardiac disease. Diabetes and cardiac disease had equivalent gender frequency; hypertension was more prevalent in women (p
  Citation: Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health 3, 2 (2013)
  PubDate: 2013-03-18
  DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2013.02.002
  Issue No: Vol. 3, No. 2 (2013)
Trajectories of tuberculosis-specific interferon-gamma release assay responses among medical and nursing students in rural India
- Authors: Alice Zwerling; Rajnish Joshi, S.P. Kalantri, Gajalakshmi Dakshinamoorthy, Maryada Venkatarama Reddy, Andrea Benedetti, Kevin Schwartzman, Dick Menzies, Madhukar Pai
  Pages: 105 - 117
  Abstract: : Background: Interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) have been shown to be highly dynamic tests when used in serial testing for TB infection. However, there is little information demonstrating a clear association between TB exposure and IGRA responses over time, particularly in high TB incidence settings.Objectives: To assess whether QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT) responses are associated with occupational TB exposures in a cohort of young health care trainees in India.Methods: All medical and nursing students at Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences were approached. Participants were followed up for 18months; QFT was performed 4 times, once every 6months. Various modeling approaches were used to define IFN-gamma trajectories and correlations with TB exposure.Results: Among 270 medical and nursing trainees, high rates of conversions (6.3–20.9%) and reversions (20.0–26.2%) were found depending on the definitions used. Stable converters were more likely to have had TB exposure in hospital pre-study. Recent occupational exposures were not consistently associated with QFT responses over time.Conclusion: IFN-gamma responses and rates of change could not be explained by occupational exposure investigated. High conversion and subsequent reversion rates suggest many health care workers (HCWs) would revert in the absence of treatment, either by clearing the infection naturally or due to fluctuations in the underlying immunological response and/or poor assay reproducibility. QFT may not be an ideal diagnostic test for repeated screening of HCWs in a high TB incidence setting.
  Citation: Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health 3, 2 (2013)
  PubDate: 2013-04-11
  DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2013.03.003
  Issue No: Vol. 3, No. 2 (2013)