 Subjects -> METALLURGY (Total: 58 journals)
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- Centrifugal Casting of Nano Crystalline TiB2 Reinforcement Particulate
Reinforcement in Al-Alloy Matrix- Authors: V. M. Nimbalkar, B.R.K. Rao, V.P. Deshmukh, K.V. Marathe, N. Eswara Prasad
Abstract: A method of producing Nano size TiB2 particles within an aluminium matrix is the in situ reaction synthesis method, using KBF4 and K2TiF6 potassium based bearing fluxes. The advantages of this in situ reactive process are a small particle size and good particle/matrix interfacial bonding. However, this method is limited to producing low particulate volume percentage material (˂6 vol%). To overcome this limitation, centrifugal casting has been investigated. A series of the casts was made to observe the influence of centrifugal acceleration “G” value on final TiB2 distribution. This was done by the casting at 1400 RPM rotational speed and 570 G value. The TiB2 particulates content was concentrated towards the outer radius with a clear interface between this region and the remaining unreinforced Aluminium matrix. The final concentration of the TiB2 particles increased with increase in rotational speed and particle clustering was found to influence the settling behavior of the TiB2 particles. The present paper demonstrates that centrifugal casting may be employed to yield a 6 Vol% of TiB2 reinforced particulate metal matrix composites.
PubDate: 2013-11-27
Issue No: Vol. 3 (2013)
- Effect of Surface Pore Filling and Adhesive Joining on Energy Absorption
of Closed Cell Aluminum Foam- Authors: Vipin Kumar, B. S. S. Daniel
Abstract: The joining of aluminum foam is explored in this paper. Foam specimens were sectioned and joined with commercially available adhesive and tested for its energy absorption capability against a normal foam specimen. There was a decrease in the plateau stress but the decrease is not significant. The effect of surface pore filling by the adhesive was also realized. It was found that the adhesive in the surface cells introduces constraints for buckling and delays the buckling whereby improving the foam property. Interrupted compression tests enabled us to gain insight into the deformation behavior of foams with and without pore filling.
PubDate: 2012-11-22
Issue No: Vol. 3 (2012)
- Eco-friendly Corrosion Inhibitors for N80 Steel in Hydrochloric Acid
- Authors: M. Yadav, Usha Sharma
PubDate: 2012-08-01
Issue No: Vol. 3 (2012)
- Processing and Characterization of Ni2MnSn FSMA
- Authors: Ajit Behera, S. C. Mishra
Abstract: Among Ferromagnetic Shape Memory alloys (FSMAs), Ni2MnSn Heusler alloys owing to occurrence of large magnetic field induced strain (> 10%) along with other interesting properties like premartensitic transition, high transformation temperature, large magnetocaloric effect and low stress of twin variant rearrangement. The prominent challenges facing the design and utilization of these specialized alloys are a limited range of operating temperatures, phase transformations that have high sensitivity to variations in composition, brittleness of the alloys, and changes in transformation temperatures. The functional behaviors of these alloys are as actuators, magneto-mechanical transducers, switching devices, etc. In the present study, the martensitic microstructures of Ni50Mn37.5Sn12.5 FSMAs are investigated by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and transmission electron microscopy. Among the most important martensites that exist in these alloys are the 5M tetragonal, 7M orthorhombic (modulated structures) and NM tetragonal (non-modulated structure), etc. Differential scanning calorimeter is used for determining the transformation temperatures under zero stress. Crystal structures of the samples are determined by X-ray diffraction patterns using Cu-Ká radiations. Transmission electron microscopy study of this alloy revealed the presence of two martensite phases, i.e., modulated and non-modulated phases.
PubDate: 2012-08-01
Issue No: Vol. 3 (2012)
- Breakout Problems Study of Continuous Casting Steel
- Authors: Saheb Mohammed Mahdi
Abstract: The breakout is one of greatest problems in the continuous casting processes. We can return most of their reasons on the bad control of casting process circumstances, including the chemical composition of the metal, pouring speed and temperature, as well as operation processes control. In this research, the breakout heats had been constrained for the period of ten months, for (ST 52) type steel .From the operating data, remarked that most breakout heats was out of the upper limit pouring temperature. Breakout is also appearing to be effect by the chemical composition. Although Manganese percent of the steel was within limits, but it is effect to induce breakout in indirect manner. Increase Silicon content will increase the fluidity of molten steel, leading to increase the ferro-static pressure on solidified shell causing breakout. The increase in Carbon percent has a positive effect in decreasing breakouts. From actual operating effect on breakout, it is found that most breakouts were of first sequence of the heat, which it means that casting preparation was unsuitable. Breakout can be eliminate or avoid by compliance with operation instructions.
PubDate: 2012-08-01
Issue No: Vol. 3 (2012)
- Study of the effect of cycle time of plasma nitriding on the service life
of AISI H-13 tool steel die- Authors: Nikhil Naresh Kapoor, C. L. Gogte
PubDate: 2012-08-01
Issue No: Vol. 3 (2012)
- Effect of Chemical Treatment of Coir Dust on the Dielectric Behavior of
Bio-waste Reinforced Polymer Composites- Authors: Aireddy Harinath Reddy, S. C. Mishra
Abstract: The present work is focused on analyzing the effect of the chemical treatment of coir dust fibers on the dielectric properties of epoxy polymer matrix composites. Coir dust is a spongy, peat-like residue obtained from the processing of coconut husk for coir fiber .The coir dust was washed and sun dried. The dried coir dust was treated with chemicals such as HCl, CH3COOH, KOH and NaOH. An untreated and treated surface of coir dust was characterized using FTIR. The dielectric parameters, viz., dielectric constant (K), dielectric loss (tan ä) of untreated and treated composites were obtained in the frequency range of 100 Hz–1 MHz, and temperature range of 30° C–150° C. It is observed that dielectric loss and A. C. conductivity of the treated coir dust composite has decreased. The dielectric constant of the treated composite is lower than that of untreated composite, maybe because of reduction in interaction between polar–OH groups of coir dust fibers and water molecules.
PubDate: 2012-08-01
Issue No: Vol. 3 (2012)
- Surface Characterization of Heat Treated Tool Steel after W-EDM
- Authors: M. M. Dhobe, I. K. Chopde, C. L. Gogte
Abstract: In order to meet the increasing demands of performance and reliability of sophisticated components, quality of a machined surface plays an important role. In this research paper, it has been tried to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the surface quality of AISI D2 tool steel after Wire-Electro Discharge Machining (W-EDM). The test specimens were prepared by milling and then carrying out hardening and tempering in different ways and then machined with W-EDM process. Scanning electron microscopy, surface roughness and hardness tests were used to study the characteristics of the machined surface.After analyzing the surface topography and test results it is observed that the recast layer drawplates are of smaller size in single tempering as compared to double and triple tempering. Similarly, the white layer of smaller thickness with higher hardness and lower surface roughness values is observed after single tempering.
PubDate: 2012-08-01
Issue No: Vol. 3 (2012)
- Effect of Process Parameters of Pulsed Current Micro Plasma Arc Welding on
Weld Pool Geometry of AISI 304L Stainless Steel Sheets- Authors: Siva Prasad Kondapalli, Chalamalasetti Srinivasa Rao, Damera Nageswara Rao
Abstract: AISI 304L stainless steel is an austenitic Chromium-Nickel stainless steel offering an optimum combination of corrosion resistance, strength, and ductility. These attributes make it a favorite for many mechanical components. The low carbon content reduces susceptibility to carbide precipitation during welding. The effects of pulsing current parameters on weld pool geometry namely front width, back width, front height, and back height of pulsed current micro plasma arc-welded AISI 304L stainless steel sheets were analyzed. Four factors, five levels, and central composite design were used to develop mathematical models, incorporating pulsed current parameters and weld pool geometry. The mathematical models have been developed by Response Surface Method. The adequacy of the models was checked by analysis of variance technique. By using the developed mathematical models, weld pool geometry parameters can be predicted.
PubDate: 2012-03-29
Issue No: Vol. 3 (2012)
- Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Resin-based Dental Composites with
Different Filler Types- Authors: Umesh Vishnu Hambire, Prof.(Dr.) Vipin Kumar Tripathi
PubDate: 2012-03-29
Issue No: Vol. 3 (2012)
- Corrosion Behaviour of Ferritic Steel, Austenitic Steel and Low Carbon
Steel Grades in Sugarcane Juice- Authors: Sunil B Wesley, Hari Sharan Goyal, Subhash C Mishra
PubDate: 2012-03-29
Issue No: Vol. 3 (2012)
- Dependence of Adhesion Strength of Plasma Spray on Coating Surface
Properties- Authors: Ajit Behera, S .C. Mishra
Abstract: It is well known that thermal plasma spray coatings have diversified utilizations, but not vividly in use, mainly because of high cost of spray grade powder, for development of thick coating > 50 µm on metal substrates. Present investigation aims at depositing plasma spray coating on metals using low-cost/waste materials. A mixture of fly-ash + 20 weight percent of Quartz + 20 weight percent of illmenite is used for coating on copper and mild steel substrates. The powder mixture is plasma sprayed by different operating power levels (11 to 21 kW) of the plasma torch. The coatings are characterized for their adhesion strength, porosity and deposition efficiency. It is observed that with increasing operating power level, the adhesion strength increases up to a certain power level, and then it remains nearly steady with further increase in torch input power. A maximum of 6.56 MPa adhesion strength is obtained on the coating developed on mild steel. It is observed that coating adhesion is more in case of mild steel than that of copper substrate. The amount of porosity in the coating decreases with increase in operating power level. Coating deposition efficiency also increases with increase in operating power of the plasma torch, up to a certain power level, and then becomes stagnant with further increase in input power. The substrate morphology of the coating observed under scanning electron microscope indicates the difference in particle size and inter-particle adhesion, which collaborate to the mechanical properties, i.e., adhesion strength and level of porosity.
PubDate: 2012-03-29
Issue No: Vol. 3 (2012)
- Development of New Castable Al-Alloy-TiB2 Metal Matrix Composites
- Authors: Vijay Marotrao Nimbalkar, B.R.K. Rao, V.P. Deshmukh, K.V. Marathe, N. Eswara Prasad
Abstract: There has been a constant drive for replacing monolithic aluminum alloys by aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs) in many industrial applications where high stiffness and high strength to weight ratio are required. The present paper describes a cost-effective route to produce Al-Alloy-10 wt % TiB2 metal matrix composites by in situ molten flux assisted reaction synthesis. In Situ LM25-TiB2 composite material prepared by reaction synthesis was cast into thick as well as thin section industrial components by gravity and pressure die casting route. Subsequent structure-property evaluation studies indicated sub-micron size reinforcement of in situ formed TiB2 particles with improved physical and mechanical properties as compared to conventional aluminum alloy and its composites. From industrial point of view, the Al-TiB2 composite has an advantage of easy recyclability over conventional aluminum-alloy composites.
PubDate: 2012-03-29
Issue No: Vol. 3 (2012)
- Pore Distributions in Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide (PAAO) Surfaces of Pure
and Commercial Aluminum Substrates- Authors: Manoj Kumar Kushwaha
Abstract: Porous anodic aluminum oxide (PAAO) surfaces were developed on pure aluminum (PA) and commercial aluminum (CA) substrates by anodization as a function of voltage in phosphoric acid bath at 278 K and were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The interpore distances were plotted in the form of frequency histograms to examine pore-ordering characteristics. Self-ordered porous structures have been obtained at 200 and 160 V for PA and CA substrates respectively as can be evident from histogram and FFT analysis. However, the overall ordering improves with the increase in voltage for both types of substrates. Pore ordering, though relatively better for PA is not very different from that for CA, indicating that CA can be used as a potential substitute of PA for bulk application.
PubDate: 2012-03-29
Issue No: Vol. 3 (2012)
- Study on Hot Working Characteristics and Deformation Response of as Cast
AZ91 Mg Alloys- Authors: Dr. B. K. Raghunath, Jayakumar Jayaraman
Abstract: The deformation response of magnesium alloy AZ91 was investigated by means of hot compression tests. The flow curves were obtained in the temperature and strain rate range of 300–500°C and 0.001–1 s-1, respectively. The processing maps of the studied material were obtained by interpreting them on the basis of the dynamic material model. The activation energy maps were developed based on Lyapounov’s function and the safe processing zones were confirmed by comparing both the maps taking into account the largely accepted conclusions in the form of the constitutive equation that correlates flow stress, strain rate, and temperature in these materials. The flow instability between strain rates 0.31–1.0 s-1and temperature range between 300 and 480°C were studied. The optimum domains and instability zone were obtained for the hot workability of the material.
PubDate: 2011-12-24
Issue No: Vol. 3 (2011)
- Structural, Mechanical, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Mn–Zn
Substituted Ca-hexaferrites- Authors: Dr. C.L. Khobaragade
Abstract: In the present investigation, the samples with chemical composition Ca(CoTi)0.5(MnZn)x/2Fe11–xO19 with (x = 0 to 1.0) have been synthesized using perfect stoichiometric proportions of reacting oxides by standard ceramic technique. The pellets of 15 mm diameter were prepared and sintered at 1313 K in air atmosphere for 106 h and characterized by using XRD and SEM. XRD studies of the samples showed hexagonal magnetoplumbite (M) structure with unit cell dimensions “a’ and “c” varies from 5 to 6 Å and 21 to 23 Å pertaining to space group P63/mmc (No. 194). The mass density of the ferrites were found to vary linearly and depend upon the sample’s mass and volume. The X-ray density depends on lattice constant and molecular weight of the sample. The computation of porosity has been done by considering bulk and X-ray density of the studied samples. The variation in the values of lattice parameter has to be recorded with increase in Mn–Zn concentration. The elastic properties of Mn–Zn doped Ca-hexaferrite have been studied using ultrasonic pulse transmission technique at 100 kHz at 300 K. The field-dependent electric and magnetic properties of prepared Ca-hexaferrite powder were investigated at different temperatures.
PubDate: 2011-12-24
Issue No: Vol. 3 (2011)
- Establishing Empirical Relationships to Predict Grain Size and Hardness of
Pulsed Current Microplasma Arc Welded Inconel 625 Sheets- Authors: Siva Prasad Kondapalli, Srinivasa Rao Chalamalasetti, Nageswara Rao Damera
Abstract: Nickel alloys have gathered wide acceptance in the fabrication of components, which require high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, such as metallic bellows used in expansion joints in aircraft, aerospace and petroleum industry. In case of single pass welding of thinner sections of this alloy, pulsed current microplasma arc welding was found beneficial due to its advantages over the conventional continuous current process. The paper focuses on developing mathematical models to predict grain size and hardness of pulsed current microplasma arc welded Inconel 625 nickel alloy. Four factors, five level, central composite rotatable design matrix is used to optimize a number of experiments. The mathematical models have been developed by response surface method. The adequacy of the models is checked by ANOVA technique. By using the developed mathematical models, grain size and hardness of the joints can be predicted with 99% confidence level. Contour plots are drawn to study the interaction effect of pulsed current microplasma arc welding parameters on fusion zone grain size and hardness of Inconel 625 weld joints.
PubDate: 2011-12-24
Issue No: Vol. 3 (2011)
- Sheqing LD Converter Lining to Sustainability – A Case Study
- Authors: Dr. Priyavrat Thareja, Atul Kumar Singh
PubDate: 2011-12-23
Issue No: Vol. 3 (2011)
- Behaviour of NINL Blast Furnace with 100% Calibrated Lump Iron Ore
- Authors: Santosh Kumar, R K Jha, N G Banerjee
Abstract: A relation between sinter usages in burden and productivity are well established. Now a day, almost all blast furnace usages a sinter in its burden charge. The percentage of sinter in blast furnace is depending upon the availability of fines & sinter machine. But some time, due to non-availability of fine or sinter machines, or both, only calibrated iron ore lump are used as a source of iron in charge burden. The behaviour and characteristics of blast furnace changed when 100% iron ore lump are charged as compared to iron ore lump and sinter in burden. The behaviour of 100% iron ore lump (CLO) charged in furnace is focused in this paper.
PubDate: 2011-06-28
Issue No: Vol. 3 (2011)
- Lining Pains & lance Strains - A Case Study to Competing Productivity
- Authors: Atul Vats, Priyavrat Thareja
Abstract:
PubDate: 2011-06-28
Issue No: Vol. 3 (2011)
- Thermal Stability of Compatibilised Natural Rubber/ Chitosan Blends
- Authors: Jobish Johns
PubDate: 2011-06-28
Issue No: Vol. 3 (2011)
- Parametric Optimization of Tool Wear Rate in Side Flushing form of Die
Sink EDM of EN-31 Die Steel- Authors: Navdeep Malhotra, Sona Rani
PubDate: 2011-06-28
Issue No: Vol. 3 (2011)
- A REVIEW OF THE BIONIC SURFACES FOR ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
- Authors: Sandeep Harish Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar L. Gogte
Abstract: The word ‘bionics’ refers to copying Nature, or taking ideas from Nature. As the field is increasingly influencing the emerging subjects of science and engineering, it has innumerable applications in fields such as robotics, product design, automobile components and biomaterials.This paper emphasizes the development of bionic surfaces for various engineering applications. It gives the relevance of bionic surfaces mimicked from insects/animals. It also presents a critical review of the work of researchers over the last decade to improve the wear resistance of the surfaces on the principle of bionics, as wear is the major contributor in material and energy consumption.The focus, at the outset is to review the objective, methodology, the technology covered, and the outcome of the past research work. Then the efforts are made to identify the areas for further investigation of the principles of bionic wear resistant non smooth surfaces in the engineering and agricultural applications.
PubDate: 2011-02-22
Issue No: Vol. 3 (2011)
- Al-MMC FOAM: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION
- Authors: Joyjeet Ghose, Vinay Sharma, Surender Kumar
Abstract: Aluminium alloy composite foams are produced in the laboratory using TiH2-CaCO3 dual foaming agents. The density of the developed material varied along various cross sections. There exists a more pronounced variation in density along the direction of foaming. Compressive and tensile tests are performed on Aluminium Metal Matrix composite (Al-MMC) specimens of different relative density. The compressive stress-strain response of the material establishes their engineering utility in terms of their industrial applications. Based on the compressive stress-strain response, it is found that the material is suitable for applications such as lightweight panel, and impact energy absorption. Investigations into acoustic absorption characterisation revealed that the developed Al-MMC foam have excellent sound absorption properties and is comparable with other good sound absorbing materials. Good sound absorption property coupled with better mechanical properties makes this material ideal for sound absorption under difficult situations.
PubDate: 2011-02-22
Issue No: Vol. 3 (2011)
- Minor Scandium - Zirconium Impacts on Aluminum-6 Magnesium Cast alloys
- Authors: Prof. Priyavrat Thareja, Prof. Malay Banerjee
Abstract: Minor additions of scandium and zirconium alloy can not only improve strength and fracture toughness of the Al–6 Mg alloys, but also transform the age hardening characteristics for structural applications. If this impact were substantial, the enriched Al–6 Mg castings could be a potent material for futuristic transport sector, looking to higher specific strength and abundant availability in Indian/ global scenario. This work reports the effect of scandium and zirconium minor addition on the texture and fracture toughness behavior of aluminium -6magnesium alloy, containing various amount of trace addition. Texture measurement and transmission electron microscopy have revealed that the evolution of texture in cast alloys after annealing is decided by the morphology and character of the precipitates. It is further demonstrated that the improvement in fracture toughness as achieved by the minor addition in Al-6Mg-0.4Sc alloy is due to reduction of the in-plane anisotropy which is secured by a favorable precipitate morphology.
PubDate: 2011-02-22
Issue No: Vol. 3 (2011)
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