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 Applications of Mathematics   [SJR: 0.274]   [H-I: 20]   [1 followers]  Follow         Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)    ISSN (Print) 1572-9109 - ISSN (Online) 0862-7940    Published by Springer-Verlag  [2353 journals]
• Simplices rarely contain their circumcenter in high dimensions
• Authors: Jon Eivind Vatne
Pages: 213 - 223
Abstract: Abstract Acute triangles are defined by having all angles less than π/2, and are characterized as the triangles containing their circumcenter in the interior. For simplices of dimension n ≥ 3, acuteness is defined by demanding that all dihedral angles between (n−1)-dimensional faces are smaller than π/2. However, there are, in a practical sense, too few acute simplices in general. This is unfortunate, since the acuteness property provides good qualitative features for finite element methods. The property of acuteness is logically independent of the property of containing the circumcenter when the dimension is greater than two. In this article, we show that the latter property is also quite rare in higher dimensions. In a natural probability measure on the set of n-dimensional simplices, we show that the probability that a uniformly random n-simplex contains its circumcenter is 1/2 n .
PubDate: 2017-06-01
DOI: 10.21136/am.2017.0187-16
Issue No: Vol. 62, No. 3 (2017)

• A full multigrid method for semilinear elliptic equation
• Authors: Fei Xu; Hehu Xie
Pages: 225 - 241
Abstract: Abstract A full multigrid finite element method is proposed for semilinear elliptic equations. The main idea is to transform the solution of the semilinear problem into a series of solutions of the corresponding linear boundary value problems on the sequence of finite element spaces and semilinear problems on a very low dimensional space. The linearized boundary value problems are solved by some multigrid iterations. Besides the multigrid iteration, all other efficient numerical methods can also serve as the linear solver for solving boundary value problems. The optimality of the computational work is also proved. Compared with the existing multigrid methods which need the bounded second order derivatives of the nonlinear term, the proposed method only needs the Lipschitz continuation in some sense of the nonlinear term.
PubDate: 2017-06-01
DOI: 10.21136/am.2017.0344-16
Issue No: Vol. 62, No. 3 (2017)

• A posteriori error estimates for a discontinuous Galerkin approximation of
Steklov eigenvalue problems
• Authors: Yuping Zeng; Feng Wang
Pages: 243 - 267
Abstract: Abstract We derive a residual-based a posteriori error estimator for a discontinuous Galerkin approximation of the Steklov eigenvalue problem. Moreover, we prove the reliability and efficiency of the error estimator. Numerical results are provided to verify our theoretical findings.
PubDate: 2017-06-01
DOI: 10.21136/am.2017.0115-16
Issue No: Vol. 62, No. 3 (2017)

• A new weighted Gompertz distribution with applications to reliability data
• Authors: Hassan S. Bakouch; Ahmed M. T. Abd El-Bar
Pages: 269 - 296
Abstract: Abstract A new weighted version of the Gompertz distribution is introduced. It is noted that the model represents a mixture of classical Gompertz and second upper record value of Gompertz densities, and using a certain transformation it gives a new version of the two-parameter Lindley distribution. The model can be also regarded as a dual member of the log-Lindley-X family. Various properties of the model are obtained, including hazard rate function, moments, moment generating function, quantile function, skewness, kurtosis, conditional moments, mean deviations, some types of entropy, mean residual lifetime and stochastic orderings. Estimation of the model parameters is justified by the method of maximum likelihood. Two real data sets are used to assess the performance of the model among some classical and recent distributions based on some evaluation goodness-of-fit statistics. As a result, the variance-covariance matrix and the confidence interval of the parameters, and some theoretical measures have been calculated for such data for the proposed model with discussions.
PubDate: 2017-06-01
DOI: 10.21136/am.2017.0277-16
Issue No: Vol. 62, No. 3 (2017)

• Editorial
• Authors: Tomáš Vejchodský
Pages: 103 - 104
PubDate: 2017-04-01
DOI: 10.21136/am.0.0035-17
Issue No: Vol. 62, No. 2 (2017)

• On Synge-type angle condition for d -simplices
• Authors: Antti Hannukainen; Sergey Korotov; Michal Křížek
Pages: 1 - 13
Abstract: Abstract The maximum angle condition of J. L. Synge was originally introduced in interpolation theory and further used in finite element analysis and applications for triangular and later also for tetrahedral finite element meshes. In this paper we present some of its generalizations to higher-dimensional simplicial elements. In particular, we prove optimal interpolation properties of linear simplicial elements in ℝ d that degenerate in some way.
PubDate: 2017-02-01
DOI: 10.21136/am.2017.0132-16
Issue No: Vol. 62, No. 1 (2017)

• Exact controllability of linear dynamical systems: A geometrical approach
• Authors: María Isabel García-Planas
Pages: 37 - 47
Abstract: Abstract In recent years there has been growing interest in the descriptive analysis of complex systems, permeating many aspects of daily life, obtaining considerable advances in the description of their structural and dynamical properties. However, much less effort has been devoted to studying the controllability of the dynamics taking place on them. Concretely, for complex systems it is of interest to study the exact controllability; this measure is defined as the minimum set of controls that are needed in order to steer the whole system toward any desired state. In this paper, we focus the study on the obtention of the set of all B making the system (A,B) exact controllable.
PubDate: 2017-02-01
DOI: 10.21136/am.2017.0427-15
Issue No: Vol. 62, No. 1 (2017)

• Method of fundamental solutions for biharmonic equation based on
Almansi-type decomposition
• Authors: Koya Sakakibara
Pages: 1 - 21
Abstract: Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyze mathematically the method of fundamental solutions applied to the biharmonic problem. The key idea is to use Almansi-type decomposition of biharmonic functions, which enables us to represent the biharmonic function in terms of two harmonic functions. Based on this decomposition, we prove that an approximate solution exists uniquely and that the approximation error decays exponentially with respect to the number of the singular points. We finally present results of numerical experiments, which verify the sharpness of our error estimate.
PubDate: 2017-07-20
DOI: 10.21136/am.2017.0018-17

• Error analysis of splitting methods for semilinear evolution equations
• Authors: Masahito Ohta; Takiko Sasaki
Pages: 1 - 28
Abstract: We consider a Strang-type splitting method for an abstract semilinear evolution equation $${\partial _t}u = Au + F\left( u \right).$$ Roughly speaking, the splitting method is a time-discretization approximation based on the decomposition of the operators A and F. Particularly, the Strang method is a popular splitting method and is known to be convergent at a second order rate for some particular ODEs and PDEs. Moreover, such estimates usually address the case of splitting the operator into two parts. In this paper, we consider the splitting method which is split into three parts and prove that our proposed method is convergent at a second order rate.
PubDate: 2017-07-12
DOI: 10.21136/am.2017.0020-17

• A real-valued block conjugate gradient type method for solving complex
symmetric linear systems with multiple right-hand sides
• Authors: Yasunori Futamura; Takahiro Yano; Akira Imakura; Tetsuya Sakurai
Pages: 1 - 23
Abstract: Abstract We consider solving complex symmetric linear systems with multiple right-hand sides. We assume that the coefficient matrix has indefinite real part and positive definite imaginary part. We propose a new block conjugate gradient type method based on the Schur complement of a certain 2-by-2 real block form. The algorithm of the proposed method consists of building blocks that involve only real arithmetic with real symmetric matrices of the original size. We also present the convergence property of the proposed method and an efficient algorithmic implementation. In numerical experiments, we compare our method to a complex-valued direct solver, and a preconditioned and nonpreconditioned block Krylov method that uses complex arithmetic.
PubDate: 2017-07-07
DOI: 10.21136/am.2017.0023-17

• Improving backward stability of Sakurai-Sugiura method with balancing
technique in polynomial eigenvalue problem
• Authors: Hongjia Chen; Akira Imakura; Tetsuya Sakurai
Pages: 1 - 19
Abstract: Abstract One of the most efficient methods for solving the polynomial eigenvalue problem (PEP) is the Sakurai-Sugiura method with Rayleigh-Ritz projection (SS-RR), which finds the eigenvalues contained in a certain domain using the contour integral. The SS-RR method converts the original PEP to a small projected PEP using the Rayleigh-Ritz projection. However, the SS-RR method suffers from backward instability when the norms of the coefficient matrices of the projected PEP vary widely. To improve the backward stability of the SS-RR method, we combine it with a balancing technique for solving a small projected PEP. We then analyze the backward stability of the SS-RR method. Several numerical examples demonstrate that the SS-RR method with the balancing technique reduces the backward error of eigenpairs of PEP.
PubDate: 2017-07-05
DOI: 10.21136/am.2017.0016-17

• A penalty method for the time-dependent Stokes problem with the slip
boundary condition and its finite element approximation
• Authors: Guanyu Zhou; Takahito Kashiwabara; Issei Oikawa
Pages: 1 - 27
Abstract: Abstract We consider the finite element method for the time-dependent Stokes problem with the slip boundary condition in a smooth domain. To avoid a variational crime of numerical computation, a penalty method is introduced, which also facilitates the numerical implementation. For the continuous problem, the convergence of the penalty method is investigated. Then we study the fully discretized finite element approximations for the penalty method with the P1/P1-stabilization or P1b/P1 element. For the discretization of the penalty term, we propose reduced and non-reduced integration schemes, and obtain an error estimate for velocity and pressure. The theoretical results are verified by numerical experiments.
PubDate: 2017-07-05
DOI: 10.21136/am.2017.0328-16

• On the optimality and sharpness of Laguerre’s lower bound on the
smallest eigenvalue of a symmetric positive definite matrix
• Authors: Yusaku Yamamoto
Pages: 1 - 13
Abstract: Abstract Lower bounds on the smallest eigenvalue of a symmetric positive definite matrix A ∈ R m×m play an important role in condition number estimation and in iterative methods for singular value computation. In particular, the bounds based on Tr(A −1) and Tr(A −2) have attracted attention recently, because they can be computed in O(m) operations when A is tridiagonal. In this paper, we focus on these bounds and investigate their properties in detail. First, we consider the problem of finding the optimal bound that can be computed solely from Tr(A −1) and Tr(A −2) and show that the so called Laguerre’s lower bound is the optimal one in terms of sharpness. Next, we study the gap between the Laguerre bound and the smallest eigenvalue. We characterize the situation in which the gap becomes largest in terms of the eigenvalue distribution of A and show that the gap becomes smallest when {Tr(A −1)}2/Tr(A −2) approaches 1 or m. These results will be useful, for example, in designing efficient shift strategies for singular value computation algorithms.
PubDate: 2017-06-29
DOI: 10.21136/am.2017.0022-17

• The classic differential evolution algorithm and its convergence
properties
• Authors: Roman Knobloch; Jaroslav Mlýnek; Radek Srb
Pages: 1 - 12
Abstract: Abstract Differential evolution algorithms represent an up to date and efficient way of solving complicated optimization tasks. In this article we concentrate on the ability of the differential evolution algorithms to attain the global minimum of the cost function. We demonstrate that although often declared as a global optimizer the classic differential evolution algorithm does not in general guarantee the convergence to the global minimum. To improve this weakness we design a simple modification of the classic differential evolution algorithm. This modification limits the possible premature convergence to local minima and ensures the asymptotic global convergence. We also introduce concepts that are necessary for the subsequent proof of the asymptotic global convergence of the modified algorithm. We test the classic and modified algorithm by numerical experiments and compare the efficiency of finding the global minimum for both algorithms. The tests confirm that the modified algorithm is significantly more efficient with respect to the global convergence than the classic algorithm.
PubDate: 2017-03-06
DOI: 10.21136/am.2017.0274-16

• Time discretizations for evolution problems
• Authors: Miloslav Vlasák
Pages: 1 - 35
Abstract: Abstract The aim of this work is to give an introductory survey on time discretizations for liner parabolic problems. The theory of stability for stiff ordinary differential equations is explained on this problem and applied to Runge-Kutta and multi-step discretizations. Moreover, a natural connection between Galerkin time discretizations and Runge-Kutta methods together with order reduction phenomenon is discussed.
PubDate: 2017-03-06
DOI: 10.21136/am.2017.0268-16

• DG method for numerical pricing of multi-asset Asian options—The case of
options with floating strike
• Authors: Jiří Hozman; Tomáš Tichý
Pages: 1 - 25
Abstract: Abstract Option pricing models are an important part of financial markets worldwide. The PDE formulation of these models leads to analytical solutions only under very strong simplifications. For more general models the option price needs to be evaluated by numerical techniques. First, based on an ideal pure diffusion process for two risky asset prices with an additional path-dependent variable for continuous arithmetic average, we present a general form of PDE for pricing of Asian option contracts on two assets. Further, we focus only on one subclass—Asian options with floating strike—and introduce the concept of the dimensionality reduction with respect to the payoff leading to PDE with two spatial variables. Then the numerical option pricing scheme arising from the discontinuous Galerkin method is developed and some theoretical results are also mentioned. Finally, the aforementioned model is supplemented with numerical results on real market data.
PubDate: 2017-03-04
DOI: 10.21136/am.2017.0273-16

• New quasi-Newton method for solving systems of nonlinear equations
• Authors: Ladislav Lukšan; Jan Vlček
Pages: 1 - 14
Abstract: Abstract We propose a new Broyden method for solving systems of nonlinear equations, which uses the first derivatives, but is more efficient than the Newton method (measured by the computational time) for larger dense systems. The new method updates QR or LU decompositions of nonsymmetric approximations of the Jacobian matrix, so it requires O(n 2) arithmetic operations per iteration in contrast with the Newton method, which requires O(n 3) operations per iteration. Computational experiments confirm the high efficiency of the new method.
PubDate: 2017-03-03
DOI: 10.21136/am.2017.0253-16

• A correction to “Some mean convergence and complete convergence theorems
for sequences of m -linearly negative quadrant dependent random
variables”
• Authors: Yongfeng Wu; Andrew Rosalsky; Andrei Volodin
Pages: 1 - 3
Abstract: Abstract The authors provide a correction to “Some mean convergence and complete convergence theorems for sequences of m-linearly negative quadrant dependent random variables”.
PubDate: 2017-02-28
DOI: 10.21136/am.2017.0121-16

• Filter factors of truncated tls regularization with multiple observations
• Authors: Iveta Hnětynková; Martin Plešinger; Jana Žáková
Pages: 1 - 16
Abstract: Abstract The total least squares (TLS) and truncated TLS (T-TLS) methods are widely known linear data fitting approaches, often used also in the context of very ill-conditioned, rank-deficient, or ill-posed problems. Regularization properties of T-TLS applied to linear approximation problems Ax ≈ b were analyzed by Fierro, Golub, Hansen, and O’Leary (1997) through the so-called filter factors allowing to represent the solution in terms of a filtered pseudoinverse of A applied to b. This paper focuses on the situation when multiple observations b 1,..., b d are available, i.e., the T-TLS method is applied to the problem AX ≈ B, where B = [b 1,..., b d ] is a matrix. It is proved that the filtering representation of the T-TLS solution can be generalized to this case. The corresponding filter factors are explicitly derived.
PubDate: 2017-02-28
DOI: 10.21136/am.2017.0228-16

• Book Reviews
• Authors: Lawrence Somer; Catholic University of America; Washington; D.C.
Pages: 100 - 101
PubDate: 2017-02-01
DOI: 10.21136/am.2017.0br1-17

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