Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles) ISSN (Print) 0957-4352 - ISSN (Online) 1741-5101 Published by Inderscience Publishers[450 journals]
Authors:Shuchen Tu, Fengzhu Lv, Zilin Meng, Rui Zhang, Yihe Zhang Pages: 239 - 251 Abstract: A novel multiple-component carbon source mainly with hemp fibre (HF) and biodegradable polybutylenes succinate (PBS) was prepared and filled in two fixed bed bioreactors to remove nitrate nitrogen and phosphorus from simulated groundwater. A 121 days' monitoring indicates that denitrification and dephosphorisation of bacteria are influenced by temperature, but a magnetic field can decrease the influence. With the introduction of a magnetic field, the average nitrogen and phosphorus removal was improved to be 93.18% and 78.68% respectively. Meanwhile the average effluent concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) decreased from 51.2 mg·L<SUP align="right">–1</SUP> to 30.8 mg·L<SUP align="right">–1</SUP>. The morphology and the biofilm attaching amount measurement indicated more bacteria were attached onto the composite and more composite was consumed correspondingly. These data displayed a linkage effect for efficient water treatment and a promising long-term carbon-release material. Keywords: denitrification; biofilm; magnetic field; carbon sources; water treatment Citation: International Journal of Environment and Pollution, Vol. 66, No. 4 (2019) pp. 239 - 251 PubDate: 2020-02-05T23:20:50-05:00 DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2019.104876 Issue No:Vol. 66, No. 4 (2020)
Authors:David Carruthers, Amy Stidworthy, Daniel Clarke, Jo Dicks, Rod Jones, Ian Leslie, Olalekan A.M. Popoola, Martin Seaton Pages: 252 - 266 Abstract: An optimisation scheme has been developed that applies a Bayesian inversion technique to a high resolution (street-level) atmospheric dispersion model to modify pollution emission rates based on sensor data. The scheme minimises a cost function using a non-negative least squares solver. For the required covariance matrices, assumptions are made regarding the magnitude of the uncertainties in source emissions and measurements and the correlation in uncertainties between different source emissions and different measurement sites. The scheme has been tested in an initial case study in Cambridge using monitored data from four reference monitors and 20 AQMesh sensor pods for the period 30 June 2016 to 30 September 2016. Hourly NO<SUB align="right">x concentrations from road sources modelled using ADMS-Urban and observed concentrations were processed using the optimisation scheme and the adjusted emissions were re-modelled. The optimisation scheme reduced average road emissions on average by 6.5% compared to the original estimates, changed the diurnal profile of emissions and improved model accuracy at four reference sites. Keywords: inversion; optimisation; emissions; ADMS-Urban; sensors Citation: International Journal of Environment and Pollution, Vol. 66, No. 4 (2019) pp. 252 - 266 PubDate: 2020-02-05T23:20:50-05:00 DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2019.104878 Issue No:Vol. 66, No. 4 (2020)
Authors:Alexander Slawik, James B. Silva, Kevin C. Axelrod, Jeffry T. Urban, Nathan Platt Pages: 267 - 275 Abstract: The US Defence Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) sponsored a two-year set of experiments, conducted in 2012 and 2013, that were designed and executed by the US Army's Edgewood Chemical and Biological Center (ECBC) and the Naval Medical Research Unit Dayton (NAMRU-D) to explore time-varying inhalation exposures of hydrogen cyanide gas on rats. Our analysis, detailed in a separate paper, finds that a single set of fitted parameters for the toxic load model (i.e., the toxic load exponent <i>n</i>, probit slope <i>m</i>, and median lethal exposure <i>TL</i><SUB align="right">50) cannot accurately model the single exposure experimental data across the experiments' full range of time from 2.3 to 30 minutes but can on the longer timescales of 10 to 30 minutes. However, none of the toxic load models that we considered fits the experimental data for the novel, time-varying exposures well, with the average concentration and Griffiths-Megson models providing the least inaccurate casualty predictions. Keywords: casualty assessment; consequence assessment; Haber's law; toxic load modelling Citation: International Journal of Environment and Pollution, Vol. 66, No. 4 (2019) pp. 267 - 275 PubDate: 2020-02-05T23:20:50-05:00 DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2019.104879 Issue No:Vol. 66, No. 4 (2020)
Authors:Ferhat Karaca, John Machell, Ali Turkyilmaz, Dina Kaskina, Kamshat Tussupova Pages: 276 - 307 Abstract: This paper is the first comprehensive study to assess public environmental awareness on environmental issues in Nursultan (formerly known as Astana), the capital city of Kazakhstan. It employs a survey-based research methodology with a series of crossover assessments. Almost a quarter of the respondents stated that they have already begun waste separation, even though there is no penalty system if the waste is not separately collected or recycled. More or less all the respondents agreed that hazardous substances should be treated separately from other waste types. It was also found that the public perception of tap water quality is strongly related to personal experiences, which correspondingly influences the use of tap water as drinking water. As a result of the perceived water quality, bottled water is the preferred alternative drinking water option among the householders. Half of respondents recognised motor vehicles as the main cause of pollution. Keywords: environmental awareness; waste management; household waste; drinking water; water quality; urban air quality; Kazakhstan Citation: International Journal of Environment and Pollution, Vol. 66, No. 4 (2019) pp. 276 - 307 PubDate: 2020-02-05T23:20:50-05:00 DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2019.104890 Issue No:Vol. 66, No. 4 (2020)
Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
