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- Sensivity of Crop Yields to Temperature and Rainfall Daily Metrics in
Senegal
Authors:
Abdou Kader Toure; Moussa Diakhaté, Amadou Thierno Gaye, Mbaye Diop, Ousmane Ndiaye
Pages: 1 - 11
Abstract: Senegal is a sub-Saharan country marked by rainfed agriculture, which is under the recurrent threat of climatic upheaval, mostly due to irregular rainfall and temperature. This study shows evidence of the influence of daily rainfall metrics on crop (groundnut and millet) yields. Statistical analysis has been carried out using observational datasets and over the period 1961-2018. The results show an increase in temperatures in our zone, which is in line with the decrease in groundnut yields. Also, significant correlations of 0.81 and 0.69 between the total rainfall indices and groundnut and millet have been found respectively. Rainfall intensity, length, and distribution would contribute up to 66% and 49% to the variability in groundnut and millet yields respectively. A decrease in crop yields is considerable during dry periods (18% for groundnut and 10% for millet) due to the occurrence of long dry spells and low rainfall distribution. The groundnut yield appears most affected by these indicators, while millet is more resistant in dry conditions. To face the major future challenges, it is essential to ensure that changes in these metrics are effectively taken into account in agro-climatic model simulations.
PubDate: 2020-03-04
DOI: 10.12691/ajrd-8-1-1
Issue No: Vol. 8, No. 1 (2020)
- Profitability Analysis of Artisanal Fishing in Ilaje Coastal Communities
of Ondo State
Authors:
Agbebi F. Omolara; Ikuerowo J. Olubukun, Ogunsakin O. Yetunde
Pages: 12 - 16
Abstract: Fishery sector in Nigeria plays an important role in terms of national food security, employment, enterprise development and foreign exchange earnings. Increasing efforts to raise the productivity of fishery can be an important measure to put the country on the threshold of food security. This study examined profitability of artisanal fishing in coastal communities of Ondo State. Purposive and random sampling techniques were used in selecting one hundred and twenty (120) respondents for the study. Descriptive statistics, gross margin and multiple regression were the analytic tools used for the study. The results revealed the mean age of fishermen to be 30 years with an average fishing experience of 12 years. The study also shows low level of education among the fishermen. The results show that the enterprise is profitable with total revenue of ₦ 1,356,852.58 and a profit of ₦663,076.41.The results also show that age of the farmer, fishing experience, distance onshore, cooperative membership, credit access and amount of catch were the socio-economic variables that affect income. The study recommended that the strict conditions on collaterals for accessing credit by fishermen should be relaxed to enable more fishermen access loans for increased fish production. Fishing gear and crafts should be subsidized to encourage artisanal fishing.
PubDate: 2020-03-16
DOI: 10.12691/ajrd-8-1-2
Issue No: Vol. 8, No. 1 (2020)
- Emerging Urban Systems in the Benue Basin of Nigeria
Authors:
Daniel P. Dam; Sylvester Iorliam, Felix Kwaghsende, Peter T. Anule, Irene Mngutyo, Jacob Atser, Emmily Adaaku, Davidson Alaci, Fanan Ujoh, Timothy Gyuse
Pages: 17 - 27
Abstract: Urbanisation is widely recognised as one of the major trends of this century that offers great opportunities as well as significant challenges for poverty reduction in both urban and rural areas. In much of sub-Saharan Africa, the development of small and medium-sized towns remains largely linked to the nature of agricultural production systems. They nevertheless perform a number of essential functions from market nodes to providers of services, goods and non-farm employment to their inhabitants and that of the wider surrounding region. This research investigates the emerging urban system of the Benue Basin region of Nigeria. The data were collected on 80 urban functions across 140 settlements in the basin using a checklist, and analysed using principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The result of the Principal component analysis extracted 10 major functions out of the 80 variables that together explained 67.6% of the total variance. These functions are named workshop services; security and banking services; industrial services; education and commercial services; administrative functions; judiciary and retail services; health/social services; agro processing services; primary health services, and tertiary/secondary health services. The factor scores of the 10 major functions were examined to showcase the performances of each of the 140 settlements in terms of the functions they perform. On the basis of identified major urban functions, the cluster analysis grouped the 140 settlements in a five-order hierarchical structure. Gboko town emerged as the dominant settlement in the system with the highest number of urban functions, and is regarded as the 1st order settlement in the hierarchy. The study recommends provision of basic infrastructure in the emerging urban settlements of the Benue basin particularly settlements in the 3rd, 4th and 5th order in the hierarchy to reposition them for rapid socio-econmic growth of the region.
PubDate: 2020-03-20
DOI: 10.12691/ajrd-8-1-3
Issue No: Vol. 8, No. 1 (2020)
- Climate Change and Farmer’s Perception for the Sustainability of Farming
in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan
Authors:
Muhammad Israr; Muhammad Faraz, Nafees Ahmad
Pages: 28 - 36
Abstract: This research was conducted in Swabi district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with the aims to study the knowledge of farmers and to evaluate the perceptions of the farmers about Climate Change (CC). To accomplish these objectives primary data was collected from 98 randomly selected farmers by structure questionnaire through face to face interview method and was analysed by using descriptive statistics. Findings revealed that majority (93%) of farmers were aware of CC phenomena and perceived changes in temperature (89%) and precipitation (86%) during the last decade. Crop diversification, soil and water management practices and application of necessary farm inputs were the farmer’s preferred adaptive strategies to CC. Barriers to adaptive strategies were the ineffective government support, lack of capital, information and extension services, traditional beliefs and high cost of farm inputs. The study concludes that climate is changing and the farmers are practicing different adaptive strategies to overcome this problem, but still there is a space for more scientifically verified strategies which can boost the farmer’s productivity and increased the overall wellbeing for the future sustainability of farming.
PubDate: 2020-05-31
DOI: 10.12691/ajrd-8-1-4
Issue No: Vol. 8, No. 1 (2020)
- Trend Analysis of Hydro-climatic Historical Data and Future Scenarios of
Climate Extreme Indices over Mono River Basin in West Africa
Authors:
H. Djan’na Koubodana; Julien Adounkpe, Moustapha Tall, Ernest Amoussou, Kossi Atchonouglo, Muhammad Mumtaz
Pages: 37 - 52
Abstract: Climate change impacts considerably on water balance components and needs to be evaluated through trend analysis or climate models scenarios extremes. The objective of this paper is to perform non-parametric Mann Kendall (MK) trend analysis on historical hydro-climatic data (1961-2016), to validate an ensemble climate model and to compute temperature and rainfall extremes indices. The climate indices are evaluated using MK test and annual trend analysis for two future scenarios (2020- 2045) over Mono River Basin (MRB) in Togo. Results show positive and negative trends of hydro-climatic data over MRB from 1961 to 2016. The average temperature increases significantly in most of the stations while a negative non-significant trend of rainfall is noticed. Meanwhile, the discharge presents a significant seasonal and annual trend Corrokope, Nangbéto and Athiémé gauge stations. Validation of the ensemble climate models reveals that the model under-estimates observations at Sokode, Atkakpamé and Tabligbo stations, however linear regression and spatial correlation coefficients are higher than 0.6. Moreover, the percentage of bias between climate model and observations are less than 15% at most of the stations. Finally, the computation of extreme climate indices under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios shows a significant annual trend of some extreme climate indices of rainfall and temperature at selected stations between 2020 and 2045 in the MRB. Therefore, relevant governmental politics are needed to elaborate strategies and measures to cope with projected climate changes impacts in the country.
PubDate: 2020-06-09
DOI: 10.12691/ajrd-8-1-5
Issue No: Vol. 8, No. 1 (2020)
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