Authors:Katharine M. Donato, Elizabeth Ferris Pages: 7 - 35 Abstract: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 690, Issue 1, Page 7-35, July 2020. As the number of migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers have grown worldwide, intense debate has emerged about how long and how well they integrate into host countries. Although integration is a complex process, realized differently by different groups at different times, most prior studies capture, at best, disparate parts of the process. Overcoming this limitation is a tall task because it requires data and research that capture how integration is both dynamic and contextual and requires focusing on conceptual issues, emphasizing how integration varies across spatial scales, and including perspectives of the process through the eyes of both scholars and practitioners. This article reviews recent key studies about refugees in Canada, Europe, and the United States, as a way of putting into context the scholarship presented in this special issue of The ANNALS. We analyze whether and how prior studies capture integration as a dynamic process that unfolds in various aspects of life, such as education, employment, and health. We also consider the extent to which prior studies are shaped by long-standing divides between the terms refugee and migrant, and integration and assimilation, and what those divides mean for research on refugee and migrant integration in the twenty-first century. Throughout, we assess the data needed for researchers to address a wide variety of questions about refugee integration and understand the long-term consequences of the ever-growing number of displaced persons seeking refuge. This volume presents research that uniquely enhances our understanding about the breadth of the integration process in the United States, Canada, and European countries. Citation: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science PubDate: 2020-08-04T05:39:08Z DOI: 10.1177/0002716220943169 Issue No:Vol. 690, No. 1 (2020)
Authors:Van C. Tran, Fei Guo, Tiffany J. Huang Pages: 36 - 60 Abstract: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 690, Issue 1, Page 36-60, July 2020. Whereas Australia has pursued a skills-based migration policy, the United States has privileged family-based migration. The key contrast between these migration regimes provides a rare test of how national immigration policy shapes immigrant selection and integration. Does a skills-based immigration regime result in a more select group of Asian immigrants in Australia compared to their counterparts in the United States' Are Asian immigrants more integrated into their host society in Australia compared to the United States' Focusing on four groups of Asian immigrants in both countries (Chinese, Indians, Filipinos, and Vietnamese), this article addresses these questions using a transpacific comparison. Despite Australia’s skills-based immigration policy, we find that Asian immigrants in Australia are less hyper-selected than their counterparts in the United States. Asian immigrants in Australia also report worse labor market outcomes than those in the United States, with the exception of Vietnamese—a refugee group. Altogether, these findings challenge the conventional wisdom that skills-based immigration policy not only results in more selected immigrants, but also positively influences their integration into the host society. Citation: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science PubDate: 2020-08-04T05:39:03Z DOI: 10.1177/0002716220926974 Issue No:Vol. 690, No. 1 (2020)
Authors:Dina G. Okamoto, Linda R. Tropp, Helen B. Marrow, Michael Jones-Correa Pages: 61 - 81 Abstract: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 690, Issue 1, Page 61-81, July 2020. Prior studies have sought to understand how immigrants integrate into U.S. society, focusing on the ways in which local contexts and institutions limit immigrant incorporation. In this study, we consider how interactions among immigrants and U.S.-born within receiving communities contribute to the process of immigrant integration. We emphasize the extent to which immigrants perceive that they are welcome in their social environments and the downstream effects of those perceptions. Drawing on new representative survey data and in-depth interviews with first-generation Mexican and Indian immigrants in the Atlanta and Philadelphia metropolitan areas, we examine what constitutes feeling welcomed and how these perceptions are associated with immigrants’ interest and trust in the U.S.-born and with their civic participation. Our focus on two metropolitan areas with long-standing racialized dynamics, coupled with new waves of immigration, provides insights about the role of welcoming contexts in immigrant integration in the twenty-first century. Citation: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science PubDate: 2020-08-04T05:39:05Z DOI: 10.1177/0002716220927661 Issue No:Vol. 690, No. 1 (2020)
Authors:Jini E. Puma, Sarah E. Brewer, Paul Stein Pages: 82 - 99 Abstract: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 690, Issue 1, Page 82-99, July 2020. In this study, we examine whether and how the success of refugee integration varies over time and the factors that facilitate successful integration. Using data from the Refugee Integration Survey and Evaluation (RISE), we assess the integration of 467 newly resettled refugees in Colorado over three consecutive years, beginning in 2011. We find that that integration significantly increases with more time in the United States, and that age, gender, and education in one’s home country explained approximately half of the variance in overall integration three years postarrival. The integration pathways we derive from the data explain a sizable component of the variance, and we find differences in the integration process across the population subgroups that we examine. Citation: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science PubDate: 2020-08-04T05:39:07Z DOI: 10.1177/0002716220935830 Issue No:Vol. 690, No. 1 (2020)
Authors:Martha F. Davis Pages: 100 - 116 Abstract: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 690, Issue 1, Page 100-116, July 2020. In recent years, many local governments in the United States have declared themselves to be sanctuaries, welcoming jurisdictions, safe cities, or cities of refuge for immigrants. At the same time, federal rhetoric and associated national laws—which have legal precedence over local immigration policies—have shifted in anti-immigrant directions. These developments raise questions about whether and how local sanctuary policies affect immigrants’ lives, including their feelings of fear, their access to local services, and their interactions with law enforcement. This article draws on existing studies and new interview data from a pilot study of two sanctuary cities, Boston and Seattle, to evaluate the impacts of municipal sanctuary policies for immigrants, including their potential influences on immigrant and refugee integration. I also explore policy approaches that might enhance these policies’ effectiveness in achieving their supporters’ stated goals. Citation: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science PubDate: 2020-08-04T05:39:09Z DOI: 10.1177/0002716220931423 Issue No:Vol. 690, No. 1 (2020)
Authors:Ernesto Castañeda Pages: 117 - 135 Abstract: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 690, Issue 1, Page 117-135, July 2020. This article compares immigrant and ethnic organizations in four major immigrant-receiving cities and reveals substantial variation across these immigrant gateway cities. Using data from ethnographic fieldwork and an original database of relevant organizations in New York City; El Paso, Texas; Paris; and Barcelona, I find differences in organizational type and density, as well as in their legitimacy and funding. This article contributes to a growing literature on immigrant organizations. Although immigrant organizations have a long history in some cities, they may not always operate in ways that enhance refugee and migrant integration. Comparing immigrant organizations is fruitful because it tells us more about city and national political systems and why distinct localities deal with cultural minorities differently. These comparisons can help the readers to understand the barriers and ladders that immigrants encounter in different cities and inform policy-makers in designing better approaches to incorporate immigrants. Citation: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science PubDate: 2020-08-04T05:39:02Z DOI: 10.1177/0002716220938043 Issue No:Vol. 690, No. 1 (2020)
Authors:Joanne van Selm Pages: 136 - 152 Abstract: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 690, Issue 1, Page 136-152, July 2020. Traditional solutions for refugee protection and integration—repatriation, local integration, and resettlement—have become difficult, and countries in Europe are exploring other means of providing protection through what are known as complementary pathways. Complementary pathways are relatively small in scope and cover a range of programs and refugee populations. Broadly speaking, they include humanitarian admission programs, community or private sponsorship, some labor mobility and student scholarship programs, (extended) family admissions, and humanitarian visas that allow legal arrival for asylum seekers. I trace the development of these pathways and how they have emerged in different countries; I also consider key questions that they raise about refugee integration and the future of refugee protection. Citation: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science PubDate: 2020-08-04T05:39:09Z DOI: 10.1177/0002716220935868 Issue No:Vol. 690, No. 1 (2020)
Authors:David Hollenbach Pages: 153 - 167 Abstract: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 690, Issue 1, Page 153-167, July 2020. Faith communities play important roles in welcoming migrants into their new home societies. This article examines the history of the Roman Catholic community’s role in integrating immigrants into U.S. society, showing how the Church has created a large network of parishes, schools, healthcare facilities, and social service agencies that have helped immigrants to integrate into U.S. social life. It presents the normative stance of Catholicism concerning refugees and migrants, which stresses that respect for the dignity of persons requires enabling them to participate in a community they can call home, thus facilitating the integration of refugees and migrants. Survey data highlight some contemporary challenges to the continuing Catholic role in immigrant integration, suggesting new ways to strengthen Catholic contributions to the integration of immigrants by recalling both the Catholic community’s memory of its immigrant past and the values of its normative tradition. The article sketches several areas where further research could help to strengthen the Catholic contribution. Citation: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science PubDate: 2020-08-04T05:39:04Z DOI: 10.1177/0002716220936608 Issue No:Vol. 690, No. 1 (2020)
Authors:Majbritt Lyck-Bowen Pages: 168 - 174 Abstract: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 690, Issue 1, Page 168-174, July 2020. In recent years, as the number of migrants arriving in Europe has grown, faith-based organizations have become intimately involved in assisting migrants’ short- and long-term integration. This article describes an innovative cooperative project between minority (mosque) and majority (church) religious institutions designed to enhance integration between Muslim migrants and their predominantly Christian host community. Using survey and interview data, this study finds that participants reported enhanced feelings of welcoming, larger networks of friends and acquaintances, and more engagement in activities after participating in the project. Citation: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science PubDate: 2020-08-04T05:39:04Z DOI: 10.1177/0002716220939919 Issue No:Vol. 690, No. 1 (2020)
Authors:Anne C. Richard, Shelly Callahan Pages: 176 - 183 Abstract: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 690, Issue 1, Page 176-183, July 2020. Refugee integration is a complex process, realized differently by different groups at different times. This article examines the larger global and national context in which decisions about refugees are made and illustrates impacts of these decisions at the local level. A close look at refugee resettlement in Utica, New York, reveals that positive benefits have accrued to the community there over decades. Trump administration policies have cut in half the number of refugees arriving in that city, but the resultant advocacy for the Utica refugee resettlement office led to new income from the State of New York, preserving the city’s ability to participate in the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program now and in the future. Citation: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science PubDate: 2020-08-04T05:39:08Z DOI: 10.1177/0002716220941463 Issue No:Vol. 690, No. 1 (2020)
Authors:Linda Lopez Pages: 184 - 191 Abstract: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 690, Issue 1, Page 184-191, July 2020. Growth in international migration is attributable to conflicts and war, food insecurity, violence, and lack of economic opportunity. Additionally, according to the World Bank, the world could see more than 140 million people move within countries by 2050, and many expect that climate change will lead to even greater migration and displacement. Cities are on the front lines in creating innovative policy and programs to integrate immigrants, refugees, and asylum seekers. Los Angeles has developed programs and policies to ensure that newcomers have the opportunity to thrive economically, civically, and to obtain key city services such as healthcare and financial support. This article examines a few innovative models aimed at addressing integration for migrant and refugee populations in L.A. and provides recommendations for how cities can replicate these models. Citation: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science PubDate: 2020-08-04T05:39:02Z DOI: 10.1177/0002716220941896 Issue No:Vol. 690, No. 1 (2020)
Authors:Yael Schacher Pages: 192 - 199 Abstract: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 690, Issue 1, Page 192-199, July 2020. Drawing on the author’s work with refugees and asylum seekers in the United States, this article examines policies and practices related to family separation among immigrants in the 1920s and now. I use data collected from historical archives and firsthand interviews with refugees and asylum seekers and describe how restrictions on the admission of relatives leaves immigrants and refugees in the United States feeling unsettled and divided. I compare the situation in the 1920s to more recent years, when the federal government has pursued policies to restrict admission and impede integration. Citation: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science PubDate: 2020-08-04T05:39:07Z DOI: 10.1177/0002716220941571 Issue No:Vol. 690, No. 1 (2020)
Authors:Elizabeth Ferris Pages: 200 - 224 Abstract: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 690, Issue 1, Page 200-224, July 2020. While immigrant integration is increasingly important for policy-makers, governments of countries approach the challenge of integration differently. In this article, I frame the issue of migrant/refugee integration in the larger context of political debates and policies about the entry of refugees and migrants. I then go on to analytic comparison of refugee integration policies in eleven developed countries, focusing on the interrelated domains of citizenship, language acquisition, and employment. These three domains are interrelated: acquiring language skills facilitates employment and (for most countries) is required for citizenship. I find considerable variation across these countries, which reflects their different historical contexts, but also the different policy choices that have been made in the countries. Even within the European Union, there is considerable variation between Member States in the emphasis they place, for example, on employment of refugees. While the study focuses primarily on policies developed at the national level, I conclude by stressing the importance of local initiatives to support refugee integration. Citation: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science PubDate: 2020-08-04T05:39:02Z DOI: 10.1177/0002716220941577 Issue No:Vol. 690, No. 1 (2020)
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