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- Antibacterial Activities of Trans-cinnamaldehyde against Salmonella
enterica Isolated from Calf diarrhea
Abstract: Background and aims: Infectious diarrhea with Salmonella spp. is the most significant cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal calves that need emergency treatment. Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) is among the secondary metabolites of cinnamon trees that can be used as antimicrobial agents. The aim of the present study was to evaluate antibacterial activity of Trans-cinnamaldehyde on Salmonella enterica isolated from calf diarrhea. Methods: 150 stool specimens were collected from the calves refereed to veterinary hospital and clinic of Urmia University during the period of winter to spring, 2018. Then, Salmonella enterica was isolated by culture and confirmed by molecular method. Antimicrobial activity was determined by agar disk diffusion method. Results: The results of disk diffusion test showed that the Trans-cinnamaldehyde has an antibacterial effect against Salmonella enterica, with a diameter of the inhibition zone of 23 mm, which was very effective compared with the diameter of the inhibition zone caused by standard antimicrobial agents such as gentamicin and chloramphenicol that were 13.1 and 14 mm in the inhibition zone, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that cinnamaldehyde has antibacterial properties and can be used as a cheap, safe, and available source for therapeutic use in Salmonella enterica-induced bacterial infections.
- Antibacterial effect of Bunium persicum, Eucalyptus globules, and Allium
ampeloprasum extracts on STEC and MRSA in commercial barley soup
Abstract:
Background and aims: The antibacterial potency of Bunium persicum (BP), Eucalyptus globules (EG), and Allium ampeloprasum Var. Iranicum (AAI) hydroalcoholic extracts were evaluated against multidrug resistance (MDR) Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in commercial barley soup during refrigerated and environmental storage.
Methods: In an experimental study, the BP, EG, and AAI extracts were prepared and their antibacterial activities were evaluated against MDR E. coli and S. aureus by micro dilution and disc diffusion methods. Then, the effects of BP and EG extracts were examined on microbial quality of commercial barley soup at 4±1°C and 22±2 °C in zero, 1, 3, 6, and 9 days in different concentrations (BP 1 and 2%; EG 1 and 2%).
Results: Two tested bacterial strains were susceptible to the BP and EG extracts and did not show susceptibility to the AAI extract. The count number of the bacteria in soup were was significantly reduced by the addition of the extracts. The lowest population of the S. aureus was determined in the samples treated with the EG at 1 and 2% during refrigerated and environmental storage. E. coli was suppressed by 1.54 and 3.4 log CFU/mL at 1 and 2 % BP and 1.57 and 3.5 log CFU/mL at 1 and 2 % EG, respectively, compared with the control on day 9 during environmental storage
Conclusion: According to our results, BP and EG extracts can be used as natural antimicrobial preservatives in commercial barley soup.
- Proximate, mineral, and vitamin composition of Anthocleista djalonensis A.
Chev
Abstract:
Background and aims: The aim of this study is to assess the nutritional composition of Anthocleista djalonensis as an important medicinal plant used to manage many diseases.
Methods: The proximate features, mineral content, and vitamin composition in A. djalonensis leaves were examined according to the standard analytical methods. Proximate composition includes crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, carbohydrates, moisture content, and ash content, while minerals such as macro-elements (phosphorus, calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium,) and micro-elements (iron, manganese, copper, zinc) were determined using flame photometer and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The evaluated vitamin composition includes vitamin A, C, E, and B12.
Results: The results obtained for proximate composition showed that moisture content had the highest amount (59.71 g/100g), followed by crude protein (23.41 g/100g), crude fibre (9.51 g/100g), carbohydrate (4.72 g/100g), ash content (1.67 g/100g), and crude fat (1.04 g/100g). Mineral content showed that for macro elements, potassium had the highest amount (0.59%), followed by calcium (0.54%), magnesium (0.36%), and phosphorus (0.25%), while the least value was recorded for sodium (0.06%). Forthe micro-elements, the highest detected amount was for iron (0.175%), while copper had the least value (0.004%). The result indicated for vitamins showed that ascorbic acid (vitamin C) (3.58 mg/100g) had the highest concentration, followed by retinol (vitamin A) (1.67 mg/100g) and cobalamin (vitamin B12) (1.02 mg/100g), while tocopherol (vitamin E) (0.49 mg/100g) had the least concentration.
Conclusion: The result indicated that A. djalonensis has nutrients and vitamins which could be used to enrich our food so as to augment the shortage of essential minerals and vitamins in our body.
- Anti -SARS-CoV-2 and Anti-cancer Effects of Emodin
Abstract: AbstractsThe SARS-CoV-2 disease 2019 (COVID-19), whose spread started in the late December in 2019 in China, is the main concern in the world today. Potential anti-coronavirus targets can be categorized into two classes depending on the target, one is operating on the host immune system or human cells, and the other is on coronavirus itself. Anthraquinones are generally extracted from the Polygonaceae family, and have many beneficiary characteristics such as being antibacterial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetes. Emodin anthraquinones represent an important role in human health and have golden healthful features making them a drug to cure many illnesses. Emodin is known as an effective agent to obstruct the interaction of the S protein of SARS-CoV and the host ACE2 (Angiotensin converting enzyme 2) and the infection caused by the retrovirus. In addition, the outbreak of cancer in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is more than it among the general population. Therefore, the present research is going to outline and highlight the anti SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic strategies of emodin and the anti-cancer charactersitics of this drug.
- Antimicrobial effect of ethanolic, methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts
of green tea on E. coli and Listeria monocytogenes in fish
Abstract: One of the most important bacterial species transmitted through the use of aquatic products is Escherichia coli. The main aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of ethanolic, methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of green tea on E. coli and Listeria monocytogenes. The samples of Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes were purchased from the company, an antibiotic resistance pattern was determined. Finally, the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of ethanolic, methanolic, and ethyl acetate extracts of green tea were investigated. The results of this study showed that the lowest inhibitory concentration is related to ethyl acetate extract of green tea against E. coli, while the highest inhibitory concentration is related to methanolic extract of green tea against Listeria monocytogenes ; It is also worth mentioning that high concentrations of ethanolic, methanolic and and ethyl acetate can be used as a natural antibacterial in fish products.
- An updated review of the therapeutic effects of frankincense based on its
anti-inflammatory effects
Abstract: Inflammatory responses are the consequences of infection, injury, and tissue dysfunctions. In general, these responses associate with the inception of several diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, allergy,asthma,cancer, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease. To enhance such responses a number of synthetic drugs are widely used, including steroidal/non-steroidal components, antibodies, and cytokine inhibitors. However, prolonged use of these components may generate some side effects, including the malfunction of digestive tract, liver intoxication, kidney damage, and cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, alternative application of natural compounds, such as herbal components against inflammatory responses might be safer and more effective. Frankincense is a gum resin with potential therapeutic effects on various diseases with signs of inflammation. Therefore, frankincense can decrease the indications of numerous illnesses with the least side effects. The identification of critical active constituents in frankincense may be useful for the development of new components with desired biological effects. In this review, the potential therapeutic effects of frankincense will be described based on its anti-inflammatory effects.
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Open Access journal
