Authors:Enikő Bóna; Zsuzsanna Szél; Dániel Kiss; V. Anna Gyarmathy Pages: 13 - 20 Abstract: Aim In the present study, we aim to assess the prevalence and certain psychological and other correlates of orthorexic tendencies: health and exercise behaviors and demographic variables among gym attendees in Hungary. Methods Altogether, responses of 207 gym attendees who filled out an online questionnaire (03/2017–10/2017) were analyzed. The mean age was 31.9 years; most were female and college educated, and about half resided in the capital city. Frequencies and means were calculated for the sample; and univariate linear regression and ANOVA were carried out. Finally, multivariate linear regression was used to assess the relationship between the dependent variable (Orto-11-Hu) and the independent variables (Eating Disorder Inventory, Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory, health and exercise habits, and demographics). Results The mean score for the Orto-11-Hu was 27.7. In the multivariate analysis, two eating disorder characteristics (drive for thinness and interpersonal distrust), age, exercising more than once a day, and yoga practice were significantly associated with higher orthorexic tendencies. There was a lack of correlation between any obsessive–compulsive traits. Conclusions Our data suggest and overlap between certain eating disorder traits, and a link between ON and frequent exercising and younger age. Further research is needed to investigate whether these correlates are found not only in a specific fitness-oriented population, but also in the general population. Level of evidence Level V, descriptive cross-sectional study. PubDate: 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0592-0 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 1 (2019)
Authors:Claudio Imperatori; Mariantonietta Fabbricatore; David Lester; Gian Mauro Manzoni; Gianluca Castelnuovo; Giulia Raimondi; Marco Innamorati Pages: 37 - 45 Abstract: Purpose To assess the dimensionality and psychometric properties of the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) in an Italian non-clinical sample. Methods 262 adults (184 women) were administered the Italian versions of the mYFAS 2.0, and questionnaires measuring binge eating severity, anxiety and depression symptoms, and emotional dysregulation. Results 15 individuals (5.7%) met the criteria for a diagnosis of food addiction according to the mYFAS 2.0. Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis supported a single-factor solution for the mYFAS 2.0. The mYFAS 2.0 had good internal consistency (Ordinal α = 0.91), and convergent validity with binge eating severity (r = 0.67, p < 0.001), both anxiety (r = 0.31, p < 0.001) and depressive (r = 0.35, p < 0.001) symptoms, and difficulties in emotion regulation (r = 0.35, p < 0.001). Finally, both discriminant validity with dietary restraint (Gamma = 0.11; p = 0.52) and incremental validity in predicting binge eating severity over emotion dysregulation and psychopathology (b = 0.52; t = 11.11; p < 0.001) were confirmed. Conclusions The Italian mYFAS 2.0 has satisfactory psychometric properties and can be used as a brief instrument for the assessment of addictive eating behaviors when time constraints prevent the use of the original version. Level of Evidence Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study. PubDate: 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0607-x Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 1 (2019)
Authors:Ali Kandeger; Yavuz Selvi; Deniz Kocoglu Tanyer Pages: 47 - 55 Abstract: Purpose Individuals can generally be divided into morning, neither and evening types according to behavioral, psychological, and biological variables including appetite levels, usual meal times, sleep times, and melatonin secretion. These factors together identify a person as being part of a certain chronotype, i.e., as feeling more efficient either in the morning (morning type) or later in the day (evening type). Food addiction is defined as addictive behavior toward palatable foods and is thought to be one of the underlying risk factors for obesity. Our aim in this study was to investigate the relationship between circadian rhythm differences and food addiction via insomnia and impulsivity in university students. Method Participants were 1323 university students, filled out a package of psychological tools, including the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire, Insomnia Severity Index, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Short Form, and Yale Food Addiction Scale. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate direct relation of food addiction with insomnia, impulsivity and obesity, and mediation regression analysis was used to investigate the indirect effect of circadian rhythm differences on food addiction. Results Our findings indicated that evening types were more prone to insomnia and impulsivity, and also insomnia and impulsivity significantly contributed to the variance of food addiction. Although there was no significant linear relationship between circadian rhythm differences and food addiction, evening-type circadian preferences were indirectly associated with higher food addiction scores mediated by insomnia and impulsivity. Conclusion The most remarkable result of our work was that circadian rhythm differences seem to indirectly effect on food addiction through elevated insomnia and impulsivity. Level of evidence Level V, descriptive cross-sectional survey. PubDate: 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0518-x Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 1 (2019)
Authors:Ana Carolina Barco Leme; Sonia Tucunduva Philippi; Debbe Thompson; Theresa Nicklas; Tom Baranowski Pages: 107 - 119 Abstract: Purpose To evaluate the immediate post-intervention and 6-month post-intervention effects of a Brazilian school-based randomized controlled trial for girls targeting shared risk factors for obesity and disordered eating. Methods Total of 253 girls, mean of 15.6 (0.05) years from 1st to 3rd grades of high school participated in this 6-month school-based cluster randomized controlled trial. “Healthy Habits, Healthy Girls—Brazil (H3G-Brazil)”, originally developed in Australia, emphasized 10 key nutrition and physical activity (PA) messages delivered over 6 months. Disordered eating prevention procedures, i.e., prevention of weight-teasing, body satisfaction, and unhealthy weight control behavior, were added to the intervention. Body dissatisfaction, unhealthy weight control behaviors and social cognitive-related diet, and physical activity variables were assessed at baseline, immediate post-intervention, and 6-month post-intervention. Intervention effects were determined by one-way analysis of covariance or logistic regression, after checking for the clustering effects of school. The control group did not receive intervention prior to follow-up assessment. A conservative significance level was set at p < 0.01. Results Beneficial effects were detected for PA social support (F = 6.005, p = 0.01), and healthy eating strategies (F = 6.08, p = 0.01) immediate post-intervention; and healthy eating social support (F = 14.731, p = 0.00) and healthy eating strategies (F = 5.812, p = 0.01) at 6-month post-intervention. Intervention group was more likely to report unhealthy weight control behaviors (OR = 1.92, 95% CI 1.15–3.21, p = 0.01) at 6-month post-intervention. No other significant immediate or 6-month post effects were detected. Conclusion H3G-Brazil demonstrated positive 6-month effects on some social cognitive variables but an adverse effect on unhealthy weight control behaviors. Thus, this study was not able to achieve synergy by combining obesity and disordered eating prevention procedures in an intervention among low-income girls in Brazil. Trial registration Level I: cluster randomized controlled trial PubDate: 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0510-5 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 1 (2019)
Authors:Adriana Amaya-Hernández; Mayaro Ortega-Luyando; María Leticia Bautista-Díaz; Georgina L. Alvarez-Rayón; Juan Manuel Mancilla-Díaz Pages: 121 - 127 Abstract: Purpose To analyze self-esteem, as well as the different peer influence components (messages, interactions and likability) as predictors of body dissatisfaction in children with obesity. Method A total of 123 children aged between 10 and 12 years were divided into two groups according to their body mass index. The group with obesity was comprised of 36 boys and 21 girls and the group with normal weight of 32 boys and 34 girls. All of the participants answered the Body Shape Questionnaire—16, the Inventory of Peer Influence on Eating Concerns, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results The hierarchical multiple regression analysis for each group showed that likability and peer messages explain 67% of the body dissatisfaction variance in children with obesity and 54% in children with normal weight. Conclusion Peer influence predicted body dissatisfaction in children; however, children with obesity assimilate messages from their peers differently compared with children with normal weight. PubDate: 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0374-0 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 1 (2019)
Authors:Karina Franco-Paredes; Felipe J. Díaz-Reséndiz; Carlos Alejandro Hidalgo-Rasmussen; Lilián Elizabeth Bosques-Brugada Pages: 143 - 150 Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to develop and evaluate a causal model of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescents with different body composition. The participants were 209 adolescents (107 women and 102 men) ranging from 10 to 15 years of age. A model based on that proposed by Wilson and Cleary (JAMA 273(1):59–65, 1995) was elaborated. The body composition of the participants was analyzed. They were asked to complete a battery of questionnaires composed of the following factors: biological status (BS; included body mass index and weight), symptomatic psychological status (SPS; included the variables of drive for thinness and food concerns), functional status (FS; composed of physical activity, food consumption estimation, and socioeconomic status), and HRQoL, which included the dimensions of psychological well-being, autonomy and relationship with parents, social support and peers, and the academic environment. Structural equation modeling produced a model, which obtained an adequate fit for the prediction of HRQoL (χ2(38) = 51.88, p = .07; NNFI = 0.97, CFI = 0.98, GFI = 0.95, and RMSEA = 0.04). The main outcome demonstrated the indirect effect of BS (0.44) and SPS (− 0.45) as well as a direct effect of FS (0.21) on HRQoL. In addition, a second path was observed, BS has an indirect effect on FS (0.34) and FS on HRQoL (0.21). These results provide empirical support for the evaluated model. Level of evidence: Level V, Descriptive study. PubDate: 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0501-6 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 1 (2019)
Authors:Joanna Alexi; Romina Palermo; Elizabeth Rieger; Jason Bell Abstract: Purpose There are known and serious health risks associated with extreme body weights, including the development of eating disorders. Body size misperceptions are particularly evident in individuals with eating disorders, compared to healthy controls. The present research investigated whether serial dependence, a recently discovered bias in body size judgement, is associated with eating disorder symptomatology. We additionally examined whether this bias operates on holistic body representations or whether it works by distorting specific visual features. Methods A correlational analysis was used to examine the association between serial dependence and eating disorder symptomatology. We used a within-subjects experimental design to investigate the holistic nature of this misperception. Participants were 63 young women, who judged the size of upright and inverted female body images using a visual analogue scale and then completed the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) to assess eating disorder symptoms. Results Our findings provide the first evidence of an association between serial dependence and eating disorder symptoms, with significant and positive correlations between body size misperception owing to serial dependence and EDE-Q scores, when controlling for Body Mass Index. Furthermore, we reveal that serial dependence is consistent with distortion of local visual features. Conclusions Findings are discussed in relation to the broader theories of central coherence, cognitive inflexibility, and multisensory integration difficulties, and as providing a candidate mechanism for body size misperception in an eating disorder population. Level of evidence Level 1, experimental study. PubDate: 2019-02-13 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00653-4
Authors:Thomas M. Dunn; Nicole Hawkins; Stacey Gagliano; Kristen Stoddard Abstract: Purpose In recent years, there has been growing interest in pathologically healthful eating, often called orthorexia nervosa (ON). Much of the literature in this area has been about point prevalence of ON in particular populations, which range from less than 1% to nearly 90% depending on the study. Despite this interest, there has been no extensive examination of whether those with pathologically healthful eating are detected by screening instruments that identify disordered eating. This study examines whether individuals who self-report suffering from ON score in the clinical range on the 26-item Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). Method Individuals (n = 354) sampled from both clinical and non-clinical settings were administered the EAT-26 to determine whether those who self-identify as having ON scored in a range that suggests disordered eating. Results Participants who self-report suffering from ON had a mean EAT-26 score of 30.89 (SD 12.60) scoring in a range that urges individuals to seek additional advice on whether there is an eating disorder present (scores of 20 and higher fall in a range suggesting a possible eating disorder). Furthermore, those in the ON group scored no differently than those reporting other eating disorders, but significantly higher than a non-clinical control group. Conclusions Our findings indicate that a screening instrument for a possible eating disorder is sensitive to pathologically healthful eating (but has no specificity). Level of evidence Level III, case control analytic study. PubDate: 2019-02-11 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00651-6
Authors:Lucia Giombini; Sophie Nesbitt; Jenni Leppanen; Hannah Cox; Anna Foxall; Abigail Easter; Kate Tchanturia Abstract: Purpose Emotional difficulties in young people (YP) with anorexia nervosa (AN) are well recognised. Improved strategies are needed to support inpatients to tolerate group therapy and to help them to better identify and manage their emotions. Cognitive Remediation and Emotion Skills Training (CREST) for AN adults, aimed at improving emotional processing skills, has been found beneficial in adult AN groups. A case series of CREST was conducted in an inpatient ward for YP (CREST-YP) to evaluate its suitability for a younger population. Methods A mixed-methods assessment was used. Thirty-two YP and 3 facilitators took part in qualitative interviews. YP (n = 32) also completed pre- and post-self-report questionnaires assessing emotional functioning. Results Preliminary qualitative results showed that YP found it helpful to learn about emotion processes. More support is needed to clarify the link between emotions and AN. Quantitative results showed no significant changes in YP’s self-perceived emotional functioning. Although no statistically significant changes were observed, a small increase in YP’s use of both reappraisal (standardised mean changes scores, SMCC 0.22) and suppression (SMCC − 0.22) as a means to regulate their emotions was found. Conclusions Pilot findings suggest that CREST-YP is a suitable intervention for YP with AN. Age-appropriate adaptations are needed to improve YP’s engagement in group CREST. Level of evidence Level IV: Evidence obtained from multiple time series. PubDate: 2019-02-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00646-3
Authors:Isabelle Carrard; Stéphane Rothen Abstract: Purpose The present study explored the potential factors associated with disordered eating behaviors and attitudes in older women. Methods Women aged 60–75 years were recruited in the community (n = 203) and completed questionnaires. The Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) was used to evaluate disordered eating behaviors and attitudes. The independent variables were BMI, age, importance of appearance, importance of body competence, cognitive reappraisal, and fear of age-related appearance changes. Spearman correlation analyses and zero-inflated negative binomial regression models were used to analyze the data. Results BMI was positively associated with EDE-Q restraint, EDE-Q eating concern, and EDE-Q frequency of objective binge-eating episodes. Importance of appearance was positively related to EDE-Q restraint, and fear of age-related appearance changes to EDE-Q eating concern and objective binge-eating episodes. Cognitive reappraisal was negatively associated with EDE-Q eating concern and excessive exercise in bivariate associations, but the relationships disappeared in the multivariate analyses. Conclusions BMI, importance of appearance, and fear of age-related appearance changes turned out to be positively associated with eating disordered behaviors and attitudes, similarly to what can be observed in middle-aged samples. However, the role of cognitive reappraisal was unclear and should be investigated further. Level of evidence Level V: cross-sectional descriptive study. PubDate: 2019-02-07 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00645-4
Authors:Sonsoles Fuentes; Ruben Brondeel; Manuel Franco; Xisca Sureda; Pierre Traissac; Laura Kate Cleary; Basile Chaix Abstract: Objectives We aimed to describe the main psycho-social factors related to obesity in an adult population and to develop a unified construct (psycho-social profiles), to explore the associations between socioeconomic characteristics and these psycho-social profiles. Methods In its second wave, the RECORD Study assessed 6460 participants aged 30–79 years living in the Paris region between 2011 and 2014. Factor analyses followed by cluster analysis were applied to identify psycho-social profiles related to obesity. The two psycho-social profiles were adverse profile—negative body image, underestimation of the impact of weight in quality of life, low weight-related self-efficacy, and weight-related external locus of control; and favorable profile—positive body image, high self-efficacy, and internal locus of control. The relationship between three socioeconomic dimensions—current socioeconomic status, childhood socioeconomic status, and neighborhood education status—and psycho-social profiles was assessed through binomial logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, depression, living alone, and weight status. Results Contrary to hypotheses, there were no associations between socioeconomic characteristics and obesity-related psycho-social profiles after adjustment for body mass index. Depressive symptoms (OR 2.21, 95% CI 2.70, 4.04) and being female (3.31, 95% CI 2.70, 4.40) were associated with an adverse psycho-social profile. Conclusions Psycho-social profiles could help to understand the multifactorial nature of the determinants of obesity. Level of evidence Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study. PubDate: 2019-02-07 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-00638-9
Authors:Cristina Senín-Calderón; José L. Santos-Morocho; Juan F. Rodríguez-Testal Abstract: Purpose The main objective of this study was to analyse the factor structure and psychometric properties of a Spanish validation of the Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (BIAQ) in a community sample of adolescents. Methods A total of 4283 people (55.9% girls, aged 12–18) participated. Results Confirmatory factor analysis corroborated four first-order factors related to a second-order factor including the total BIAQ score, with excellent fit and invariance across sex. The total internal consistency of the questionnaire was adequate, although two factors showed low reliability. Strong relationships were found with scales evaluating preoccupation with weight and dysmorphic concerns, and moderate correlations with dissatisfaction and investment in appearance. It was found that 24.06% of adolescents with body image disturbance could be at risk of developing a body image disorder. Conclusions The results of this study support the use of the Spanish translation of the BIAQ for assessing behavioural characteristic of body image disturbance. Level of evidence V, cross-sectional descriptive study. PubDate: 2019-02-07 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00650-7
Authors:Alessio Maria Monteleone; Valeria Ruzzi; Giuseppina Patriciello; Francesca Pellegrino; Giammarco Cascino; Giovanni Castellini; Luca Steardo; Palmiero Monteleone; Mario Maj Abstract: Purpose Childhood trauma and parental bonding have been widely recognized as risk factors for eating disorders (EDs). However, their interplay in determining ED psychopathology has been poorly investigated. Consequently, we have assessed their interaction with core ED psychopathological symptoms. Methods Fifty-seven patients with anorexia nervosa, 43 with bulimia nervosa and 77 healthy women completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Parental Bonding Instrument and the Eating Disorder Inventory-2. Chi square test and regression analyses with a moderation model were performed to investigate the interplay between childhood trauma, parental bonding and ED symptoms such as ineffectiveness, social insecurity, drive to thinness, interoceptive awareness, impulsivity and perfectionism. Results Compared to controls, patients with EDs showed higher levels of trauma and parental control perception and lower levels of parental care. Childhood maltreatment was more prevalent in patients with the affectionless control parental style. Moderation analyses revealed that higher maternal control significantly predicted the ED symptom of social insecurity only when participants experienced lower levels of emotional abuse. Conclusions These findings demonstrate an interplay between deranged problematic parental bonding and childhood trauma in promoting a possible vulnerability to social insecurity, one of the most central dimensions of ED psychopathology. This interaction might have psychotherapeutic implications. Level of evidence Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study. PubDate: 2019-02-07 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00649-0
Authors:Giada Pietrabissa; Alessandro Rossi; Susan Simpson; Andrea Tagliagambe; Venessa Bertuzzi; Clarissa Volpi; Giulia Fava; Gian Mauro Manzoni; Giovanni Gravina; Gianluca Castelnuovo Abstract: Purpose To examine the psychometric properties and the factorial structure of the Italian version of the schema mode inventory for eating disorders—short form (SMI-ED-SF) for adults with dysfunctional eating patterns. Methods 649 participants (72.1% females) completed the 64-item Italian version of the SMI-ED-SF and the eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q) for measuring eating disorder symptoms. Psychometric testing included confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and internal consistency. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was also run to test statistical differences between the EDE-Q subscales on the SMI-ED-SF modes, while controlling for possible confounding variables. Results Factorial analysis confirmed the 16-factors structure for the SMI-ED-SF [S–Bχ2 (1832) = 3324.799; p < .001; RMSEA = 0.045; 90% CI 0.043–0.048; CFI = 0.880; SRMR = 0.066; χ2/df = 1.81; < 3]. Internal consistency was acceptable in all scales, with Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients ranging from 0.635 to 0.873. Conclusions The SMI-ED-SF represents a reliable and valid alternative to the long-form SMI-ED for assessment and conceptualization of schema modes in Italian adults with disordered eating habits. Its use is recommended for clinical and research purposes. Level of evidence Level V, descriptive study. PubDate: 2019-02-07 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00644-5
Authors:Danushika Sivanathan; Boris Bizumic; Elizabeth Rieger; Elizabeth Huxley Abstract: Purpose Parental invalidation and narcissism have been proposed to play an important role in understanding the etiology of eating disorders. The current research aimed to address two main gaps in the literature. The first aim was to determine the differential associations of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism with eating disorder pathology. The second aim was to find a common mediator between both maternal and paternal invalidation and eating disorder pathology. It was hypothesized that when controlling for vulnerable narcissism, grandiose narcissism would not predict eating disorder pathology. In addition, it was hypothesized that vulnerable narcissism would be a mediator of the relationship between parental invalidation and eating disorder pathology. Methods Participants were 352 women aged 18–30 years who were recruited from the general and tertiary student population, and as such constituted a community sample. Participants completed the Invalidating Childhood Environment Scale, Brief-Pathological Narcissism Inventory, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, the Avoidance of Affect Subscale of the Distress Tolerance Scale, and the Emotional Expression as a Sign of Weakness Subscale of the Attitudes Towards Emotional Expression Scale in an online survey. Results Results showed that, when controlling for vulnerable narcissism, grandiose narcissism was no longer associated with eating disorder pathology. It was also found that parental invalidation had a positive indirect effect upon eating disorder pathology, via vulnerable narcissism. Conclusions The findings indicate that vulnerable narcissism is more strongly associated with eating disorder pathology as opposed to grandiose narcissism and help to further elucidate the mechanisms via which parental invalidation might exert its negative effect on eating disorder pathology. Level of evidence A cross-sectional survey (Level V). PubDate: 2019-02-06 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00647-2
Authors:Márton Kiss-Leizer; István Tóth-Király; Adrien Rigó Abstract: Purpose Given its relevance, the present study sought to reveal the motivational background of orthorexia nervosa (ON) and to examine its association to do sports. Methods A total number of 739 participants completed a self-administered, online questionnaire including questions related to sports and three scales: Ortho-11-Hu, Motivation for Healthy Behaviors in Orthorexia Nervosa Questionnaire (MHBONQ) and Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI). The age of the respondents ranged from 18 to 72 years (M = 29.67, SD = 10.18) and 79.16% of them were female. The majority of the subjects trained 3–4 times a week (37.2%), usually for 1–2 h per week (25.8%). Results According to the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, social desirability, guilt over skipping training and health anxiety were the strongest predictors of ON with explaining 46% of the variance of ON. Discussion The results of the present study suggested that obsessive features of sport activities (guilt over skipping training, counting calories during training) play an important role in ON. People with a higher level of ON tend to reach other people’s respect, protect their general health and regulate negative emotional states through healthy eating. Level of evidence Level V, descriptive cross-sectional study. PubDate: 2019-02-06 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00642-7
Authors:Yun-Mi Song; Kayoung Lee Abstract: Purpose We evaluated the longitudinal associations between eating behaviors (EB) and risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods We obtained complete data on EB, assessed using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, and MetS components at baseline and follow-up. Participants included 1876 individuals (704 men, 1172 women; mean age, 45.0 ± 12.8 years) from those participating in the Korean Healthy Twin study. A generalized estimating equation model was applied, with sociodemographic factors, health-related factors, follow-up interval, and EB (baseline and changes over time) as independent factors. Results MetS at baseline was 21.5%, while incident MetS and persistent MetS were 12.0% and 66.6%, respectively, at the 3.13 ± 1.38 years follow-up period. In men, baseline restrained EB had positive associations with concurrent MetS (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] per 1 point increase in the score, 1.55 [1.33–1.81]) and persistent MetS (1.53 [1.16–2.01]); baseline external EB and change in external EB had positive associations with persistent MetS (1.56 [1.04–2.33], 1.37 [1.01–2.22], respectively). In women, baseline restrained EB had a positive association with concurrent MetS (1.14 [1.01–1.30]); baseline external EB had an inverse association with persistent MetS (0.71[0.52–0.98]); baseline emotional EB had positive associations with concurrent, incident, and persistent MetS (1.23 [1.01–1.50], 2.14 [1.50–3.06], and 1.92 [1.40–2.64], respectively); and change in emotional EB had positive associations with incident and persistent MetS (1.50 [1.05–2.15], 1.62 [1.14–2.29], respectively). Conclusion Higher restrained and external EB, and an increase in external EB in men; and higher restrained and emotional EB, and an increase in emotional EB in women may be associated with increased risk of concurrent, incident, or persistent MetS. Level of evidence III, cohort study. PubDate: 2019-02-04 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00640-9
Authors:Ingrid de Chazeron; Franck Durif; Isabelle Chereau-Boudet; Maria Livia Fantini; Ana Marques; Philippe Derost; Berengere Debilly; Georges Brousse; Yves Boirie; Pierre Michel Llorca Abstract: Purpose Eating disorders are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and often class in Impulse control disorders, however, little is known about their phenomenology. Specific symptoms and comorbidities were described in a group of PD patients in this preliminary study. Methods Over a period of 6 months, 51 PD patients who experienced significant changes in eating habits following diagnosis of PD and were interviewed during regularly scheduled follow-up visits. We assessed each patient’s height and weight, impulsivity, psychological distress, current eating disorder symptoms, food addiction, food habits and craving. Results Among the PD patients who experienced modified dietary habits following diagnosis, few exhibited binge eating disorders (BED) full criteria (3.9%). However, 21.6% of patients experienced episodes of out-of-control eating with a large quantity of food in short time and 39.2% satisfied food addiction (FA) criteria without binge eating disorder. Food cravings more than once a week were experienced in approximately half of the population including all FA patients. Regarding comorbidities, FA PD patients present impulsive features and anxiety. Conclusions This study confirms the existence of FA profile in PD patients. Eating disorders even in PD are complex and have a cross-cutting criteria related to out-of-control eating, FA, and BED. The association of anxiety with PD-related food addiction, contrary to L-dopa equivalent daily dose mean score or the presence of dopamine agonists, underline the complex sustainability of the dopaminergic brainstem support. A study on their detailed prevalence in this population could be helpful to better understand unspecified feeding or eating disorder. Clinical trial number DR-2012-007. Name of the registry French Committee for the Protection of Persons (CPP) & French National Commission on Computing and Liberty (CNIL). Level of evidence Level V, descriptive study. PubDate: 2019-02-04 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00648-1
Authors:Aneta Krogulska; Dominika Nowicka; Zbigniew Nowicki; Monika Parzęcka; Agnieszka Sakson-Słomińska; Renata Kuczyńska Abstract: Purpose Anorexia nervosa is a chronic disease which may result in various complications. In pediatric clinical practice, it is common to observe complications related to progressive cachexia caused by malnutrition; however, cases of severe complications, like electrolyte disorders, which represent a direct threat to life, due to polydipsia, are rarely observed. The purpose of this study is to highlight that excessive drinking is of primary importance in anorexia nervosa patients, as it can result in severe medical complications, including increased risk of death. Methods We report the case of a 13-year-old girl with anorexia nervosa, who was referred to hospital with seizures, disorders of consciousness, and cardiorespiratory failure. Results The unstable condition of the patient was attributed to hyponatremia (119 mmol/l), decreased serum osmolality (248 mmol/kg), and decreased urine osmolality (95 mmol/kg) caused by polydipsia (water intoxication) and persistent vomiting. The presented girl was drinking large amounts of water prior to a weigh-in to falsify her low body weight. Conclusions Polydipsia is a common problem reported by patients with eating disorders, but one which rarely leads to serious clinical complications, due to severe hyponatremia. This case underscores the importance of careful evaluation of fluid intake and the need for regular monitoring of serum electrolytes in patients with anorexia nervosa. All clinicians treating patients with such disease, as well as the parents of sick children, should be familiar with this life-threatening condition. Level IV Evidence obtained from multiple time series with or without the intervention, such as case studies. PubDate: 2019-02-02 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-00636-x
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