JournalTOCs

Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.558

Citation Impact (citeScore): 1
Number of Followers: 12

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 1010-5395 - ISSN (Online) 1941-2479
Published by Sage Publications

[1100 journals]

The Missing STEMIs and Lifestyle Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Authors: Nazile Bilgin Dogan, Erdem Ozel
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) cases are down during the pandemic. This study examined the effects of new lifestyle behaviors on cardiovascular risk factors during the pandemic. An online, self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was filled by 1964 persons from different regions of Turkey, England, France, and Germany. As the main findings in the survey, participants had less daily stress levels (P = .019), ate more healthy foods (P < .001), and increased their exercise duration (P < .001). There were more physically active people (P < .001), and inactive participants before the pandemic become active during the pandemic (P < .001). The age group with longest exercise duration was those aged 60 to 69 years who are a high-risk group in terms of cardiovascular diseases. The positive lifestyle changes people made to be healthier during the pandemic may have constituted an important reason for the decrease in STEMI cases admitted to the emergency department in this period.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2021-02-25T12:13:51Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539521996617
An Unexpected Positive Effect of Social Distancing Measures on the Care of
Children With Autism in Vietnam
- Authors: Phuong Minh Nguyen, Thang Thien Tran, Thu Ngoc Anh Thach, Tuan Van Nguyen
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2021-02-25T11:57:45Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539521997717
Frontline Health Care Workers’ Mental Workload During the COVID-19
Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
- Authors: Meichen Du, Kaili Hu
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Workload is an essential factor affecting the performance of health care workers (HCWs). High level of mental workload increased their risks of insomnia, anxiety, and depression. This study committed to investigate frontline HCWs’ mental workload and analyze its influencing factors during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A total of 802 frontline HCWs completed the online questionnaires. Their total mental workload score was 69.7 ± 16.4. Frontline HCWs were satisfied with their performance (4.0 ± 3.3) and showed a low level of frustration (8.3 ± 5.7). The most important dimensions of mental workload were “effort” (16.4 ± 13.7), “physical demand” (15.7 ± 4.7), and “mental demand” (12.9 ± 5.2). Frontline nurses and HCWs who have higher education level, longer working years, and higher professional title perceived higher mental workload scores (P < .05). In conclusion, frontline HCWs’ mental workload was not high as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. They have made tremendous efforts and dedication to caring for COVID-19 patients. Job-related factors, some of which can be eliminated by proper management skills, increased frontline HCWs mental workload.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2021-02-24T06:29:43Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539521997257
Sexual Violence Against COVID-19-Positive Girls in India
- Authors: Md Insiat Islam Rabby, Farzad Hossain, Israt Jahan Akhi, Syed Nazmul Huda
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2021-02-22T12:16:58Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539521997714
Implications for Schools Reopening During the Second Wave of COVID-19 in
Pakistan
- Authors: Nousheen Akber Pradhan, Kashmira Nanji
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2021-02-20T10:16:01Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539521996629
Improving Public Toilet Environment and Hygiene Practices in an Asian
City: Voices From Hong Kong Residents
- Authors: Kai Sing Sun, Tai Pong Lam, Wai Sin Tang, Hoi Yan Chan, Kwok Fai Lam, Enoch Ching Yeung Chow, Dan Wu, Xu Dong Zhou, Jia Yao Xu, Pak Leung Ho
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Toilet hygiene is an important preventive measure for infectious diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19. This study explored public’s opinions on improving toilet environment and hygiene practices in Hong Kong. A mixed-method approach was applied. We conducted 4 focus groups plus 3 individual interviews among the Hong Kong Chinese, followed by a questionnaire survey with 300 respondents recruited from various districts. Difference in response distributions between groups with different demographics was tested by Pearson χ2 test. Instead of advocating for advanced toilet facilities, respondents were mostly concerned about basic hygiene issues. Malfunctioning facilities resulting from poor toilet management, such as clogged toilets, stained facilities, and problematic flushing systems, were most cited as barriers to toilet hygiene practices. Three quarters of the survey respondents expressed concerns over worn and poorly maintained toilets, shortage of janitors, and cleansing supplies. However, respondents who were older (P < .001), less educated (P < .001), and had lower income (P = .001) were significantly more likely to find hygiene conditions in public toilets satisfactory. The findings reflected the substandard of the current provisions as a developed city in Asia. Enhanced efforts by the government to maintain basic toilet supplies and facilities is the key to improving public compliance to toilet hygiene practices.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2021-02-17T05:21:26Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539521993685
Health Care–Seeking Behavior in a Scheduled Tribe Community in India: A
Mixed-Methods Research Using the Framework of Andersen’s Behavioral
Model
- Authors: Debayan Podder, Aparajita Dasgupta, Madhumita Dobe, Bobby Paul, Lina Bandyopadhyay, Arkaprovo Pal
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  India’s scheduled tribe population very often bears the brunt of inequity in accessing health care. The mixed-method research assessed the health care–seeking behavior (HSB) of a tribal community residing in the eastern fringes of Kolkata metropolis. An adult, preferably the head, in 209 households was interviewed followed by qualitative interviews with relevant stakeholders. Conceptual framework of Andersen’s behavioral model helped in identifying the potential predisposing, enabling, and need factors that influenced HSB. A total of 25.4% respondents reportedly sought informal care during last illness episode. Multivariable hierarchical-regression model (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.381) showed that respondents’ education level (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.52 [1.22-5.21]), household size (AOR [95% CI]: 3.14 [1.41-6.95]), nonenrollment to health insurance (AOR [95% CI]: 2.47 [1.08-5.59]), decision making by household head (AOR [95% CI]: 2.40 [1.23-4.71]), distance from the nearest urban primary health center (AOR [95% CI]: 3.18 [1.44-7.03]), and poor perception to illness severity [AOR [95% CI]: 2.24 [1.07-4.72]) were significantly associated to inappropriate HSB. Predominant health system barriers that emerged from qualitative interviews were irregular logistics, unfavorable outpatient timing, absence of female doctors, and nonretention of doctors at local urban primary health center. Community level barriers were poor awareness, self-medication practices, poor health insurance coverage, and poor public transportation. Recognition of these determinants may help in developing health promotion interventions tailored to their needs.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2021-02-16T05:47:35Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539521993695
Physical Activity Tracking Among Sri Lankan Adults: Findings From a 7-Year
Follow-up of the Ragama Health Study
- Authors: Janani Pinidiyapathirage, Anuradhani Kasthuriratne, Jason A. Bennie, Arunasalam Pathmeswaran, Stuart J. H. Biddle, Hithanadura Janaka De Silva, Sureka Chackrewarthy, Anuradha S. Dassanayake, Udaya Ranawaka, Norihiro Kato, Ananda Rajitha Wickremasinghe
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Limited data are available on physical activity tracking among adults in low- and middle-income countries. Using a longitudinal design, we assessed trends and correlates of physical activity among Sri Lankan adults. Individuals selected through age-stratified random sampling, were screened initially in 2007 (n = 2986) and reevaluated in 2014 (n = 2148). On both occasions, structured interviews and clinical measurements were completed. Approximately 40% of the participants engaged in recommended levels of physical activity both at baseline and follow-up. One-fifth reported increased physical activity at follow-up, a similar proportion reported being persistently inactive or a reduction in physical activity. In the adjusted analysis, being persistently active was associated with male sex, a lower educational level and income, being free of any chronic disease conditions, better self-rated health, and sitting time
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2021-02-12T05:28:26Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520971179
Implications of COVID-19 on Alcoholism: New Battle of the Health Care
System
- Authors: Shivani Vaidya
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2021-02-12T01:02:56Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539521995086
Population-Level Death Rates From Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in South
Korea
- Authors: Samir Soneji, Hiram Beltrán-Sánchez, JaeWon Yang, Caroline Mann
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  South Korea was among the first countries to report a case of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). As of August 14, 2020, South Korea reported 14 873 confirmed cases and 305 deaths from COVID-19. We collected the number of laboratory-confirmed cases and deaths by age from the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We estimated population-level death rates by fitting a logistic regression model using Firth’s bias reduction method. We calculated the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) varying the COVID-19 prevalence and level of death undercount. Estimated population-level death rates of COVID-19 (deaths per 100 000 person-years) increased with age: 0.1 among 30 to 39 year olds, 1.1 among 60 to 69 year olds, and 14.5 among ≥80 year olds. The ASDR (deaths per 100 000 person-years) was 0.9 based on the current deaths and population-level prevalence of 0.03%. If the prevalence increased to 0.6% and 30% of COVID-19 deaths had not been reported, the ASDR would further increase to 13.7 to become the seventh leading cause of death. Currently, the population-level mortality burden of COVID-19 in South Korea, as measured by the ASDR, was relatively low compared with other causes but could increase substantially if the prevalence increases from another outbreak or COVID-19 deaths were undercounted.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2021-02-10T06:10:48Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539521993670
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on COVID-19 Among Medical Students in
Sri Lanka
- Authors: Anne Thushara Matthias, Mathotage Sathiesha Nihari Padmasiri, Uduwaka Gam Aacharige Navoda Dharani
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2021-02-10T06:07:27Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539521993663
The Characteristics and Trend of COVID-19 Outbreak in Myanmar: Lessons
From a Developing Country
- Authors: Kyaw San Lin, Kaung Htet Nay Win, Thinzar Khine, Seim Lei Lei, Kyaw Khan Zaw, Win Min Oo
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2021-02-10T06:03:46Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539521993696
COVID-19 and Mental Health Issues in the Philippines
- Authors: Jeff Clyde G. Corpuz
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2021-02-10T06:01:28Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539521993687
Factors Associated With the Differences Between Self-Report Smoking and
Urinary Cotinine Criteria
- Authors: Gyeong-Min Lee, Jang-Ho Yoon, Woo-Ri Lee, Li-Hyun Kim, Ki-Bong Yoo
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  During self-reporting, respondents underreport their smoking status for various reasons. We aimed to evaluate the difference between smoking status self-reporting and urinary cotinine tests in Korea respondents. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the differences between self-reporting and urinary cotinine criteria. The dependent variable was the underreporting of smoking status; independent variables were sociodemographic, health status, and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. Total underreporting was 3.6% when Cot ≥164 and 4.0% when Cot-variable (classified) criteria underreported. Positive associations were found between smoking and age, education, drinking, and SHS. Underreporting in the nonsmoker group (odds ratio [OR] = 2.336; confidence interval [CI] = 1.717-3.179) was significantly associated with SHS, but this difference was nonsignificant in the ex-smoker group (OR = 1.184; CI = 0.879-1.638). Underreporting was 3.6% to 4.0%, and C-statistics was about 0.7, indicating that outcomes could be classified. SHS in nonsmokers was positively associated with underreporting; however, only the nonsmoker group had positive associations, demonstrating unintentional underreporting due to SHS.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2021-01-29T11:38:06Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520986248
Creating Hospital Spaces for Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Pakistan
- Authors: Aysha Almas, Om Parkash
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2021-01-09T11:18:33Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520986250
A Systematic Review of Sociodemographic, Macroeconomic, and Health
Resources Factors on Life Expectancy
- Authors: Anak Agung Bagus Wirayuda, Moon Fai Chan
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  ObjectiveThis review was aimed at systematically synthesizing and appraising the existing literature of sociodemographic, macroeconomic, and health resources factors on life expectancy.MethodsA systematic literature search of English databases, that is, PubMed/MEDLINE were scrutinized for exploring sociodemographic, macroeconomic, and health resources factors on life expectancy. The literature search was conducted in January 2020, covering a total of 46 articles from 2004 to 2019 met the review criteria, which were fully discussed subsequently.FindingsAmong sociodemographic factors, infant mortality rate, literacy rate, education level, socioeconomic status, population growth, and gender inequality have a significant impact on life expectancy. Gross domestic product, Gini, income level, unemployment rate, and inflation rate are the main macroeconomic factors that significantly correlated with life expectancy. Among various health care resources, health care facilities, the number of the health care profession, public health expenditure, death rates, smoking rate, pollution, and vaccinations had a significant correlation with life expectancy.ConclusionsThe systematic review showed general conformity of different studies, with a significant association between life expectancy and factors comprising several sociodemographic, macroeconomic, and various health care variables. This review found that only one study examined factors affecting life expectancy in Arabic countries. More studies on this region to fill this research gap were highly recommended.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2021-01-08T05:23:29Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520983671
The Application of Philip Morris’ Litigation Prevention Program in
South Korea
- Authors: Jae Hyung Kim, Jinyoung Kim, Sungkyu Lee
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  This article is aimed to identify the strategies of Philip Morris (PM, before its spin-off in 2003) and its affiliates in the intervention and prevention of tobacco litigation in South Korea. We analyzed 193 documents obtained from the Truth Tobacco Industry Documents. We found that PM organized and operated the “Litigation Prevention Program (LPP)” to create legal environments making tobacco litigation difficult to initiate and legal networks with local lawyers, media, and even competitors to effectively respond to such litigations. PM developed the LPP based on its legal strategies in the United States against tobacco litigation and disseminated them all around the world including South Korea. In 1999, the first joint action against Korea Tobacco and Ginseng Corporate (KTGC, today known as KT&G), a state-owned tobacco company, began. KTGC asked PM to support their litigation, and PM provided its legal strategies, such as sources to counter the plaintiffs’ arguments, through the LPP to KTGC. In front of legal threats, tobacco companies, competitors in markets, jointly fought back the litigation in Korea. Any litigation against a single local tobacco company may confront legal networks of tobacco companies. As a result, no litigation against tobacco companies in South Korea has been able to win over tobacco companies. International legal support including the development of guidelines of Article 19 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control is vital for an effective legal fight against tobacco companies around the world.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2021-01-01T07:02:50Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520983160
Public Health in the Asia Pacific Region in 2020
- Authors: Colin Binns, Wah Yun Low
  Pages: 385 - 386
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Volume 32, Issue 8, Page 385-386, November 2020.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-12-24T05:36:40Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520968488
  Issue No: Vol. 32, No. 8 (2020)
Book Review: Investigating Cholera in Broad Street: A History in Documents
- Authors: Philip R. A. Baker
  Pages: 539 - 540
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Volume 32, Issue 8, Page 539-540, November 2020.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-12-24T05:32:48Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520972834
  Issue No: Vol. 32, No. 8 (2020)
Reviewers Acknowledgement
- Pages: 541 - 544
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Volume 32, Issue 8, Page 541-544, November 2020.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-12-24T05:32:49Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520965826
  Issue No: Vol. 32, No. 8 (2020)
Using Big Data Tools to Analyze Digital Footprint in the COVID-19
Pandemic: Some Public Health Ethics Considerations
- Authors: Olivia M. Y. Ngan, Adam M. Kelmenson
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  While many freedoms became halted by city lockdowns and restrictive travel bans amid coronavirus crisis, some countries and regions reopened with public health monitoring and surveillance measures in place. Technology applications such as real-time location data, geofencing technology, video camera footage, and credit card history are now used in novel and poorly understood ways to track movement patterns to stem viral spread. The use of big data analytics, which sometimes involve involuntary and unconsented data access and disclosure, raise public unease about data protection. The result is a balance between public health safety and ethical use of personal data that pushes the limits of privacy rights. Is it ethically permissible to use big data analytics instantiating the goal of public health by infringing on personal privacy in exchange for maximizing public security' Demonstrating the effectiveness of public health measures is difficult as scientific uncertainties and social complexities are presented. This article provides some public health ethics considerations in balancing benefits of public security and personal privacy infringement, supported with examples drawn from Asian countries and regions.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-12-31T10:45:26Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520984360
Development of a Family-Friendly System for Japanese Parents Infected With
COVID-19
- Authors: Kyoko Yoshioka-Maeda, Chikako Honda, Riho Iwasaki-Motegi
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  The number of coronavirus disease 2019–infected people taking treatment at home is increasing every day in Japan. Even though they need to be hospitalized, due to the inability to secure childcare, infected parents are taking medical treatment at home. This short report focused on developing a new childcare system in Japan for parents infected with coronavirus disease 2019. It is important that each public sector makes family-friendly policies to ensure the development of a childcare system equipped to deal with the current pandemic.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-12-30T04:40:40Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520984361
The Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (MELoR): Prevalence and Factors
Associated With Vision Impairment in an Urban Population in Malaysia
- Authors: Marium Jamaluddin Ahmad, Tan Maw Pin, Nurliza Khaliddin, Irina Effendi-Tenang, Nurul Najieha Amir, Shahrul Bahyah Kamaruzzaman, Norlina Ramli
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Low vision and blindness are major health issues affecting ageing population. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the prevalence of visual impairment (VI) in Petaling Jaya North, Petaling Jaya South, and Lembah Pantai using data from the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research. There were 1322 participants aged ≥55 years selected by random sampling from parliamentary electoral rolls. Visual acuity was assessed using the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution chart at 4 m distance. The overall population-adjusted prevalence of VI was 9.0%. The estimated prevalence of VI was highest in Malays followed by Indians and Chinese. Following adjustments for ethnic discrepancies in age, marital status, education level, gender and medical illness, the Malay ethnicity remained an independent association for VI. Education level was associated with Indian ethnicity. In conclusion, the Malay ethnicity and lower education level among Indian ethnicity were found to be associated with VI among the older population in Malaysia. The Malay ethnicity showed the highest prevalence of VI followed by Indians and Chinese.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-12-30T04:26:41Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520983667
Predictors of Discontinuation of Modern Spacing Contraceptives in India
- Authors: Shahina Begum, Himanshu Chaurasia, Kusum V. Moray, Beena Joshi
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Data from National Family Health Survey (2015-2016) was analyzed to examine the contraceptive acceptance, discontinuation rates, and associated factors among reproductive age women in India over one year. Findings revealed that 11.7% accepted modern methods of which 68% were for spacing. Only 5% switched to other methods. Discontinuation rate was high among condom (56.8%) and oral contraceptive pill users (34.5%), among women aged less than 25 years, with parity less than 2, belonging to rural area, and having no education. Health concerns/side effects, husband’s disapproval, or method failure were most common reasons cited for discontinuation. The data show high discontinuation rates among some subgroups of women and for certain methods. Hence, women need to be provided options to switch methods to meet changing contraceptive needs and health priorities. Continuum of care with follow-up and counselling can facilitate sustained contraceptive use to avert unintended pregnancies.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-12-28T05:29:32Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520983149
Mapping the Malaysian Smoking Cessation Clinics: A Geographic Information
System–Based Study
- Authors: Nor Faezah Md Bohari, Nur Fariza Sabri, Wan Nur Diyana Wan Rasdi, Nawwal Alwani Mohd Radzi, Noor Nazahiah Bakri
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Although geographic information system–based studies are particularly increasing in other sectors, few have embraced their full potential in health services allocation in Malaysia. This study aimed to produce a visual map on the distribution of smoking cessation clinics (SCCs) in Malaysia and analyze its pattern against the national population of smokers. SCC addresses were obtained from the government website and mapped using geographic information system tools. A total of 199 and 449 private and public SCCs was mapped throughout the country, respectively. The lowest SCC to smoker population ratio was in the state of Negeri Sembilan with 1:3000. The highest SCC to smoker population ratio was in Sabah with 1 SCC for 15 000 smokers. Almost 70% of SCCs were primary health clinics. Smoking cessation clinics were distributed throughout all the states in Malaysia except the state of Sabah.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-12-24T11:09:00Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520982718
Health System Resilience for a Concurrent Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease
2019 and Dengue: A Response From Bangladesh
- Authors: Mohammad Jahid Hasan, Md. Abdullah Saeed Khan
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-12-22T09:52:56Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520982717
Health Literacy and Its Mediating Role in Predicting Health Behaviors
Among Chinese Secondary Students
- Authors: Shuaijun Guo, Lucio Naccarella, Xiaoming Yu, Rebecca Armstrong, Geoffrey Browne, Yanqin Shi, Elise Davis
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  While health literacy research in mainland China has gained increasing attention, most studies focus on adults. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of health literacy in the relationship between a range of upstream factors and health behaviors among Chinese secondary students. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 650 students in Years 7 to 9 from 4 secondary schools in Beijing. Based on an adapted health literacy framework from Manganello, a self-administered questionnaire was designed to collect information on upstream factors, health literacy, and health behaviors. Path analysis results showed that the proposed framework was mostly supported by empirical data after modification indices were examined and 3 direct paths were added. Students’ self-efficacy, social support, and school environment were associated with health literacy, which in turn predicted health behaviors. A holistic approach is needed to improve both adolescent health literacy and health behaviors for Chinese school-aged adolescents.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-12-21T09:22:16Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520980926
Practicalities of Home Quarantine for City Dwellers With Limited Living
Space
- Authors: Ngai Sze Wong, Krystal C. K. Lee, Tsz Ho Kwan, Shui Shan Lee
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-12-15T01:01:43Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520980915
The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Hospital Accessibility in
Otorhinolaryngological Disease in Korea
- Authors: Seung-No Hong, Joon Kon Kim, Dae Woo Kim
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  This study aimed to investigate the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on otorhinolaryngology disease severity status diagnosed at the first hospital visit. We conducted a retrospective study over 20 years (2000-2019). Otorhinolaryngological diseases included chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), oral ulcer, and malignant neoplasms. A logistic regression model was employed to assess the effect of SES on the severity of each disease at the first hospital visit. The severity of CRS increased in patients with lower SES (P = .028). The severities of SNHL (P = .032) and oral ulcer (P < .001) also associated with SES. In contrast, between the low- and high-SES groups observed no differences in cancer stage (P = .845). Patients with SNHL, oral ulcer, and CRS had a more severe disease status in the low-SES group than in the high-SES group at the first hospital visit. Efforts to increase hospital accessibility for low-SES otorhinolaryngological patients should be made.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-12-09T07:42:18Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520977320
Sociodemographic Risk Factors of Being Underweight Among Ever-Married
Bangladeshi Women of Reproductive Age: A Multilevel Analysis
- Authors: Abdur Rahman, Nusrat Jahan Sathi
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  The study’s primary goal is to identify a few sociodemographic risk factors associated with women’s underweight status. We have applied multilevel binary logistic regression using the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014 data, considering hierarchical effect. The model implies that age
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-12-09T07:41:57Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520979924
Effect of Long Working Hours on Cardiovascular Disease in South Korean
Workers: A Longitudinal Study
- Authors: Soojung Kim, Youn Jung
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  This study aimed to examine the association between working hours and onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) using a prospective study design. We used the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) data from 2006 to 2016. A total of 2405 workers who were working 35 hours or more per week and who did not have CVD at baseline were analyzed. Cox proportional hazard model was used for the analysis to determine the association between working hours per week at baseline and the new onset of CVD. In addition, multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to test the relationship between average working hours throughout the entire follow-up period and the risk of CVD (N = 1134). Working above 52 hours per week at baseline was related to higher risk of CVD than working between 35 and 40 hours a week (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.60-2.70 for 52-60 hours; HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.05-1.81 for>60 hours). A worker’s average working hours throughout the following period were also significantly associated with elevated risks of CVD (odds ratio = 4.40, 95% CI = 1.58-12.22 for>60 hours). The findings underline the need for more proactive interventions to protect the health of workers exposed to long working hours.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-12-09T07:41:38Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520979927
First Line of Defense in COVID-19: Masks in Clinical Practice
- Authors: Tanu Singh, Parul Ichhpujani, Rohan Bir Singh
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  The current evidence suggests that masks are efficacious in limiting the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). Although cloth masks are effective in outdoor environments, there is a consensus about the requirement of N95 masks or respirators when working in close proximity to patients who may be asymptomatic carriers, specifically in ophthalmology clinics, where slit-lamp examinations, noncontact tonometry, and other procedures place the physicians and patients in close proximity with each other. In this report, we review the available evidence regarding the efficacy of different types of masks in clinical practice in ophthalmology.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-12-09T07:41:18Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520979928
Factors Associated With Prediabetes and Diabetes Among Public Employees in
Northern Ethiopia
- Authors: Yupeng He, Chifa Chiang, Lemlem Weldegerima Gebremariam, Yoshihisa Hirakawa, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Atsuko Aoyama
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  The increasing burden of diabetes mellitus is one of the major public health challenges in African countries, including Ethiopia. This is the first study aimed to identify factors associated with prediabetes and diabetes defined by both fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin in Ethiopians. We analyzed data of a cross-sectional survey (1372 adults aged 25-64 years) conducted between October 2015 and February 2016; multinomial logistic regression models were applied. Abdominal obesity, total cholesterol, and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were independently associated with prediabetes and diabetes in both sexes. Increased triglycerides and religious fasting practices were independently associated with prediabetes and diabetes only in men; hypertension was associated with prediabetes and diabetes only in women, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was not associated with prediabetes and diabetes in either sex. Sex differences in the association of triglycerides, hypertension, and dietary habit suggest that different approaches of lifestyle modification may be required for men and women.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-12-08T11:30:01Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520974848
Demographic Profile of COVID-19 Cases: An Early Analysis of the Local
Outbreak in a “Hotspot District” of Western Rajasthan in India
- Authors: Subhashree Samantaray, Vijaya L. Nag, Pankaj Rawat, Sanjeev Misra, Alisha Aggarwal, Salman Khan, Ravisekhar S. Gadepalli, Sarika P. Kombade, Deepak, Naveen Dutt, Mahendra K. Garg, Pankaj Bharadwaj, Balwant Manda
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  The pandemic of coronavirus disease has created a global emergency after its origin in China, in December 2019. We investigated SARS-CoV-2 infection in the local population of a prime city of Western Rajasthan in India and found that the co-morbidities like diabetes (54.3%), cardiovascular diseases (28.8%), chronic respiratory conditions (18.4%) are the predominant risk factors for acquiring the infection. The young adult male population from urban area were maximum affected by the disease. Most common presenting complains were dry cough (65.7%), fever (62.3%) followed by sore throat (24.1%). A declining positive case percentage was found over the study period, though the number of samples received for SARS-CoV-2 testing increased with time, implying the effectiveness of government policies at community level to spread the outbreak.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-12-08T11:29:51Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520975288
Psychological and Livelihood Impacts of COVID-19 on Bangladeshi Lower
Income People
- Authors: Alak Paul, Tapan Kumar Nath, Janardan Mahanta, Naznin Nahar Sultana, A. S. M. Imrul Kayes, Sharifa Jahan Noon, Md. Akib Jabed, Sumana Podder, Sujat Paul
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  The objective of this research is to understand the psychological and livelihood-related impacts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Bangladeshi lower income group people who depend on daily earnings for their living. Following the convenience sampling method, 576 respondents were interviewed for quantitative data and 30 in-depth interviews for qualitative information in several districts of Bangladesh. To 94.1% respondents, livelihood has been affected by the COVID-19 outbreak with an overall score of 3.20 ± 0.77 on a 4-point Likert-type scale. In comparison to unemployed respondents, daily workers have been hardly affected by the COVID-19 outbreak (odds ratio [OR] = 7.957; P < .01), and so they are going outside more frequently in search of jobs (OR = 9.984, P < .01). Due to fear of COVID-19 infection and lack of livelihood means, respondents (76.6%) have been stressed out (overall score 3.19 ± 0.81 on a 4-point Likert-type scale), and those working in industries (OR = 5.818, P < .01), farmers (OR = 3.029, P < .05), and day laborers (OR = 2.651, P < .05) have been highly stressed.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-12-08T11:29:31Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520977304
Patient Perspectives of Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy Services in
Kiribati: A Qualitative Study
- Authors: Malakai ‘Ofanoa, Rabebe Tekeraoi, Prarthana Dalmia, Komal Ram, Moneeta Pal, Vili Nosa, Felicity Goodyear-Smith
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Diabetes mellitus is an increasing global health problem affecting millions of people worldwide, especially true in the Republic of Kiribati, with>20% of adults suffering from type 2 diabetes, and the prevalence is rising. Information on I-Kiribati patients’ understanding of diabetes and perception of access to relevant services is sparse. This study explores patient perspectives on their condition and its management using Talanga and Kakala Pacific research methodologies. Data were collected from Kiribati patients in 4 focus group interviews. Key themes to emerge were knowledge about diabetes, understanding and accessing the health care system, making lifestyle changes, and suggestions for improvement. Health system failures to meet the complex health care needs of these patients and health care services gaps are apparent. Improvements suggested include a comprehensive village-based health promotion and community development program focusing on youth and schools from early childhood and onward, increase in the skilled workforce, and an integrated approach to service delivery.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-12-08T05:05:13Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520977313
Effectiveness of a Singaporean Community-Based Physical Activity and
Nutrition Intervention: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
- Authors: Elaine Yee-Sing Wong, Anthony P. James, Andy H. Lee, Jonine Jancey
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  This study examined the effectiveness of a 6-month intervention to improve the health behaviors and outcomes among women aged 50 years and older. A sample of 580 (intervention n = 295; control n = 285) women was recruited from 26 recreational centers. Only the intervention group participated in the Singapore Physical Activity (PA) and Nutrition Study (SPANS), received health resources (calendar, recipe, and booklets) and motivational support from program ambassadors. The intervention group showed significant improvements in moderate-intensity PA, vigorous-intensity PA, and total PA (P < .001), increased intake frequency of fruit and vegetables (P = .049), a reduction in salt and sugary beverage intake (P ≤ .042), and reductions in systolic blood pressure (BP; −3.68 mm Hg), diastolic BP (−3.54 mm Hg), and percentage body fat (−2.13%; P ≤ .020) when compared with the control group. The SPANS appeared to be efficacious in improving PA and dietary behaviors, reducing BP and percentage body fat among Singaporean women.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-12-08T05:00:53Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520977311
Lasting Effects of a Community-Based Self-Management Intervention for
Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in China: Outcomes at 2-Year Follow-up of a
Randomized Trial
- Authors: Yingying Jiang, Fan Mao, Wenlan Dong, Xingxing Zhang, Jianqun Dong
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  This research is to evaluate the lasting effects of a community-based self-management intervention for patients with type 2 diabetes at 2-year follow-up in China. Five hundred patients with diabetes were recruited and randomly divided into intervention group and control group. Eight times standardized self-management intervention group activities were conducted. The results of physical examination, biochemical laboratory examination, health behavior, and self-efficacy information were collected before intervention, 3 months after intervention, and 2 years after intervention. The total score for self-efficacy in the intervention group increased from 96.12 ± 17.48 to 112.90 ± 14.58 after intervention and decreased after 2 years (106.98 ± 18.03; F = 6.64, P = .0014). The number of days of self-blood glucose monitoring in the intervention group was increased from 1 day per week to 2 days per week after intervention, and 2 days per week at 2-year follow-up (F = 8.02, P = .0003). The frequency of average number of aerobic exercises in the intervention group increased from 6 days per week to 7 days per week after intervention and was 7 days per week at 2-year follow-up (F = 3.63, P = .0269). Community-based self-management group intervention for patients with diabetes has long-term effects.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-12-04T06:20:28Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520975266
Association Between Yogic Breathing Practice With Perceived Impact of
COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study From India
- Authors: S. Parimala, Divya Kanchibhotla
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  The entire world stood still when the novel coronavirus struck wrath, disrupting the psychological and socioeconomic lives of mankind. Coronavirus disease 2019 created a disastrous impact globally, mimicking a war-like situation. India witnessed extensive lockdown, aimed at limiting the transmission of infection by reducing human contact. This uncertain situation sowed fear and anxiety in the minds of the population, affecting their mental well-being. People are trying to cope with the double whammy of spiking infections and economic instability due to halted businesses. This study attempts to capture the prevalent stress and anxiety in the general population and to highlight the differences in coping with stress and anxiety between the yoga and non-yoga practitioners. Rhythmical yogic breathing, Sudarshan kriya yoga, has shown several beneficial effects in alleviating anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress. The observations from this study strengthens the evidence that yoga is effective to maintain mental well-being even during unusual times.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-11-30T01:12:21Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520975282
Association of Domestic Physical Violence With Feto-Infant Outcomes in
Afghanistan
- Authors: Sahra Ibrahimi, Amirhossein Alamdar Yazdi, Korede K. Yusuf, Hamisu M. Salihu
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Our study aimed to investigate the association between domestic physical violence in pregnancy and feto-infant outcomes among Afghan women. Our study design was a cross-sectional study that utilized secondary data from the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 33 provinces of Afghanistan (n = 19 676). We used multiple logistic regression models to evaluate the relationship between domestic violence and early-pregnancy loss, perinatal, and neonatal mortality, with adjustments for confounders. Our results indicate that approximately 16.66% (n = 3278) of Afghan women experienced domestic violence while pregnant. In the adjusted models, we found that domestic physical violence in pregnancy was significantly associated with early-pregnancy loss (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32-1.88), but not with perinatal mortality (AOR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.96-1.32) and neonatal mortality (AOR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.95-1.28). The higher odds of adverse birth outcomes among victims of domestic violence underlines the necessity for interventions to address violence against women in Afghanistan.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-11-30T01:12:01Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520977333
Risk Stratification as a Tool to Rationalize Quarantine of Health Care
Workers Exposed to COVID-19 Cases: Evidence From a Tertiary Health Care
Center in India
- Authors: Ravneet Kaur, Shashi Kant, Mohan Bairwa, Arvind Kumar, Shivram Dhakad, Vignesh Dwarakanathan, Aftab Ahmad, Pooja Pandey, Arti Kapil, Rakesh Lodha, Naveet Wig
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Quarantine of health care workers (HCWs) exposed to COVID-19–confirmed cases is a well-known strategy for limiting the transmission of infection. However, during a pandemic situation in a resource-constraint setting, we require an evidence-based guideline for quarantining HCWs. We developed an algorithm for exposure-based risk stratification and quarantine of HCWs. We did contact tracing and risk stratification of 3853 HCWs, of whom 560 (14.5%) were categorized as high-risk contacts. High-risk contacts were quarantined for 14 days and underwent testing for COVID-19, while low-risk contacts continued their work with adherence to physical distancing, hand hygiene, appropriate use of personal protective equipment, and self-monitoring of symptoms. Overall, 118 (3.1%) contacts tested positive for COVID-19. The positivity rate among high-risk contacts was 7.1% (95% confidence interval = 5.2-9.6). Our strategy of risk stratification prevented 3215 HCWs from being quarantined and thus saved 45 010 person-days of health workforce in the institution.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-11-28T06:12:53Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520977310
Complementary Feeding Practices During COVID-19 Outbreak in Daerah
Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and Its Related Factor
- Authors: Rachmawati Widyaningrum, Rosyida Awalia Safitri, Khairunisa Ramadhani, Dyah Suryani, Firman Syarief
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Indonesia still faces a challenge in achieving an appropriate complementary feeding (CF) practice for the child aged 6 to 24 months. However, this condition became more critical due to the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) outbreak. The social limitation policy, market disruption, and changes in income may change the state of family food security and altering child CF practices. Besides, infant age, mother education and occupation, information availability, and CF knowledge may also affect the practice. Therefore, we aimed to explore the CF practice and its related factors during the COVID-19 outbreak through an online cross-sectional study of the mothers of children aged 6 to 24 months in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The results showed that a child’s age (P = .019), household food security (P = .006), and mother’s CF knowledge (P = .002) had an association with CF practices. We concluded that a child’s age, household food security, and mother’s CF knowledge are the determinant factors for appropriate CF practices during the outbreak.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-11-28T06:08:10Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520976518
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavioral Responses Toward COVID-19 During
Early Phase in Bangladesh: A Questionnaire-Based Study
- Authors: Md. Jamal Hossain, Md. Ruhul Kuddus, S. M. Abdur Rahman
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  This questionnaire-based study sought to investigate the existing knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors toward COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) among Bangladeshi populaces amid the early phases of this outbreak within the country. Among the total respondents (N = 1861), 64.53% were men, and 36% completed a bachelor or higher degree. The average scores (mean ± standard deviation) for knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors were 3.69 ± 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.63-3.75; P < .001) out of 5, 1.51 ± 0.65 (95% CI = 1.48-1.54; P < .001) out of 3, and 2.48 ± 0.89 (95% CI = 2.43-2.52; P < .001) out of 4, respectively. Most of the Bangladeshi inhabitants, particularly women and elderly individuals, have not shown good knowledgeable status, reflecting the lack of attitudes and behavioral responses.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-11-27T06:16:15Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520977328
Seroprevalence of Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Among Health Care Workers
in Mumbai, India
- Authors: Nishant Kumar, Shibal Bhartiya, Shashank Desai, Amit Mutha, Amit Beldar, Tarundeep Singh
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  AimTo ascertain the seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among health care workers in tertiary care hospitals in Mumbai, India.MethodsHealth care workers (801) from designated COVID-19 hospitals (400) and non–COVID-19 facilities (401) underwent an electrochemiluminescent automated immunoassay for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Details including demographics, comorbidities, symptoms compatible with COVID-19, contact with COVID-19 individuals, personal protective equipment use at work, and details of polymerase chain reaction tests were collected through a validated questionnaire.ResultsDoctors (201, 25.1%), nurses (308, 38.5%), and ancillary workers (292, 36.5%) participated in the study. Seroprevalence in 801 participants was 11.1% (9.1% to 13.5%). It was significantly higher ancillary workers (18.5%, 14.5% to 23.3%) than doctors (7%, 4.2% to 11.4%) and nurses (6.8%, 4.5% to 10.2%). Seroprevalence was significantly higher in non–COVID-19 hospitals (13.5%, 10.5% to 17.2%) than COVID-19 hospitals (8.7%, 6.3% to 11.9%). Having a COVID-19 household contact was a significant risk for seropositivity (18.9% vs 10.3%), while a neighborhood contact did not affect seropositivity (9.4% vs 7.3%). Loss of taste/smell and fever were only 2 symptoms associated with seropositivity. Comorbidities did not affect the seropositivity rate.ConclusionSeropositivity was likely to be higher in ancillary workers and in non-COVID hospitals. There is need to enhance COVID protection protocols and awareness among all health care workers.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-11-27T06:15:56Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520977307
Cancer Incidence in Samoa: A 10-Year Retrospective Survey (2007-2016)
- Authors: Filipina Amosa-Lei Sam, Ayodele Akinremi, Les Mery, Diana Sarfati, James Stanley, Jason Gurney
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Samoa is not immune to the growing global incidence of cancer, which is disproportionately high in low- and middle-income countries. As a preliminary step to upscale our population-based cancer registry initiatives in Samoa, we conducted a 10-year survey of cancer incidences in Samoa from 2007 to 2016. We reviewed all laboratory and clinically confirmed cases of cancer from 2007 to 2016 covering both government and nongovernment facilities. Cancer incidence increased steadily from 2007 (28.5 per 100 000) to 2012 (67.1 per 100 000). The incidence rate decreased in 2013 (from 67.1 cases in 2012 to 51.4 cases per 100 000 in 2013); and in 2015 (from 65.1 cases in 2014 to 54.3 cases per 100 000 in 2015). From 2012 to 2016, the incidence rate fluctuates between 50 and 65 cases per 100 000. Cancers of female genitalia, breast, and digestive system were the most common types in female and males, respectively.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-11-25T05:51:04Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520975261
Noncommunicable Diseases in the Rohingya Refugee Community of Bangladesh
- Authors: Md. Fahad Jubayer, Md. Tariqul Islam Limon, Md. Shahidullah Kayshar
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-11-25T05:50:29Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520975297
Child Marriage in India: A Human Rights Violation During the COVID-19
Pandemic
- Authors: Pintu Paul, Dinabandhu Mondal
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-11-25T05:49:59Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520975292
Associated Factors of Behavioral Intention Regarding Childhood Influenza
Vaccination Among Parents of Ever-Vaccinated and Never-Vaccinated 24- to
59-Month-Old Children in Hong Kong
- Authors: Joseph T. F. Lau, Anise M. S. Wu, Yee Ling Ma, Mason M. C. Lau
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  The World Health Organization recommends young children receive influenza vaccination (IV) annually. Stratified by children’s previous IV status, this study investigated the associated factors of parental intention to let their children aged 24 to 59 months receive IV in the next 12 months in Hong Kong, China. We conducted a cross-sectional population-based telephone survey among 540 Chinese parents of children aged 24 to 59 months. The prevalence of parental intention regarding their child’s IV was 68.9% and 19.8%, respectively, in the ever-vaccinated and never-vaccinated groups. Adjusted for background factors, perceived susceptibility (adjusted odds ratio [ORa] = 3.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07-9.54), perceived benefit (ORa = 4.77, 95% CI = 2.52-9.05), perceived barrier (ORa = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.17-0.84), cue to action (ORa = 3.57, 95% CI = 1.88-6.78), subjective norm (ORa = 11.23, 95% CI = 6.17-20.46), and having family members vaccinated (ORa = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.09-2.96) were associated with parental intention for ever-vaccinated children’s IV, while only perceived benefit (ORa = 8.85, 95% CI = 3.36-23.34) and subjective norm (ORa = 21.66, 95% CI = 9.25-50.71) were significant for never-vaccinated children. Our findings showed that the identified factors and applicability of the health belief model varied according to child’s vaccination status. Health promotion should consider segmentation principles. Besides modifying related cognitions like perceived benefit and barrier (only for the ever-vaccinated group), such programs should improve cue to action involving health professionals and family members and create supportive subjective norms.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-11-21T06:03:57Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520973098
Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression in General
Population in India During COVID-19 Pandemic Home Quarantine
- Authors: Suraj Prakash Singh, Anita Khokhar
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  IntroductionRestrictions on movement of people and decrease in face-to-face human interactions are known to influence the psychological profile of people. Hence, the study was planned to study the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in general population of India during COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) pandemic home quarantine.Material and MethodsA web-based survey was conducted using Google Forms during April 2020 home quarantine. Questions on psychological impact (Impact of Event Scale–Revised [IES-R]) and depression (PHQ-9 [Patient Health Questionnaire]) were included in the study.ResultsA prevalence of 28.2% for PTSD and 14.1% for depression was observed. A significant (P < .05) association was reported between depression and number of household members, and between depression and occupation (P < .001). Correlation was found between PTSD and depression (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.649).ConclusionPTSD and depression are common during home quarantine.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-11-17T03:45:46Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520968455
An Integrated School Health Teacher for Whole Student Health in China:
Professional Competency Inventory
- Authors: Xiaojing Hou
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  This study aimed to develop a professional competency inventory for integrated school health teachers in the Chinese schooling system. It generated initial competency items through conducting job task analyses, group interviews, and expert consultations, which proposed 75 items in the following fields: general quality, basic health service, school health education, and school health management. A total of 312 school health administrators/instructors, principals, in-service health teachers, and preservice health teachers were surveyed during 2018-2019. Respondents valued aspects of health teacher’s professional competency differently. Exploratory factor analyses finally extracted 9 domains, and 70 competency standards were retained. The Cronbach’s α level was .983, with value for each domain ranging from .855 to .955. The final competency inventory for school health teachers contained 4 fields, 9 domains with 70 competencies. It provided a reliable framework for specialized training, evaluation, and professional development for school health teachers. The study also interpreted the differences in importance perception of competencies among stakeholders, provided across cultural views for elaborating values and meanings of school health personnel all over the world.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-11-16T07:59:56Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520971529
A Cross-Sectional Survey Analyzing Community Perception and Utilization of
Village Health Workers Stratified by the Urban-Rural Divide Within the
Kingdom of Bhutan
- Authors: Sacha C. Hauc, Dolley Tshering, Josemari Feliciano, Agata M. P. Atayde, Layla M. Aboukhater, Kinley Dorjee, Tshering Dukpa, Pema Rinchen, Neema Yoezer, Casey M. Luc, Rup N. Adhikari, Kezang Lhamo, Kaveh Khoshnood
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Village health workers (VHWs) serve as an integral health resource for many resource limited nations, including the Kingdom of Bhutan. As such, we aimed to identify community perceptions as well as utilization rates and types with relation to VHWs based on the urban-rural divide. Our team conducted a randomized survey of 429 community members in 14 villages within the Western region of Bhutan. Our findings indicate VHWs in rural communities are requested for their services twice as much as their urban counterparts. More specifically, urban VHWs are utilized 2.5 times more for general community services, while rural VHWs are utilized more for accessing medications. Additionally, our research indicates a need to increase training of VHWs as well as overall program promotion relating to the specific services that VHWs can provide. These investigations indicate the importance of differentially allocating resources, programming, and training based on the urban-rural divide.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-11-11T12:03:08Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520969232
Barriers to Institutional Delivery Services in Districts With the Lowest
Institutional Delivery Coverage in Bhutan
- Authors: Mongal Singh Gurung, Sonam Wangdi, Pema Lethro, Tashi Tshomo, Tashi Dema, Dorji Pelzom
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Bhutan aims to achieve 100% institutional delivery coverage. While evidence indicates improved institutional delivery coverage over the years, coverage in some of the districts is only 49%. This study was aimed at exploring barriers to institutional delivery in 3 low-coverage districts. In-depth qualitative interviews and 6 focus group discussions were conducted in December 2015. The analysis was done as per the Braun and Clarke’s 6-phase guide to doing thematic analysis. This study sheds light on 15 barriers for institutional deliveries, which include hesitancy to seek health care when the pregnancy is out of wedlock, the restriction of alcohol consumption at health centers, fear of hypothermia in cold places, pastoralism, health care providers shortage, lack of maternity waiting home and food, distance, difficult terrain, lack of transportation services, and financial constraints. Some of these barriers could be unique to Bhutan. The coverage could be improved considerably if the recommendations in this article are implemented.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-11-09T10:05:17Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520969236
Binge Drinking and Drunk Driving Among Current Drinkers in Thailand:
Analysis of Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Drinking Behavior Surveys From
2007 to 2017
- Authors: Polathep Vichitkunakorn, Utcharee Intusoma, Sawitri Assanangkornchai
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  This study aimed to evaluate the association between binge drinking and drunk driving among the Thai population. Data in 2007, 2011, and 2017 of the Thai National surveys on Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption were analyzed. The household surveys collected information from the population, aged>15 years, using a face-to-face interview. There were 89 002 current drinkers from the 3 waves of surveys. About 40% reported drunk driving in the past 12 months. Binge drinking accounted for 17.3%, 17.8%, and 42.8% of the current drinkers in 2007, 2011, and 2017, respectively. The prevalence of drunk driving also increased from 36.6% to 57.7% over the 10-year period. Both occasional binge drinkers and regular binge drinkers showed about twice the risk of drunk driving (range of odds ratios [ORs] from 1.81; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.71-1.92 to OR 2.96; 95% CI = 2.64-3.31), compared with non–binge drinkers, and these OR increased by drinking frequency.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-11-05T07:04:52Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520971178
Reduction in Mumps During the Fight Against the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Authors: Di Wu, Xiaowei Ma, Hongyuan Geng, Qun Liu, Tiantian Wu, Dedong Wang, Jianyun Lu
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-11-04T05:28:31Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520971171
After-School Tutoring, Electronic Device Availability, and Obesity Among
Fifth-Grade Students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Authors: Quyen G. To, Dung Van Do, Kien Gia To, Danielle Gallegos
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  This study investigates associations between after-school tutoring and availability of electronic devices with overweight/obesity among fifth-grade children in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. A complex cross-sectional design was used to randomly select students and their parents in 8 public schools in Ho Chi Minh City in 2016. Students were categorized as overweight/obesity if their body mass index z score>+1 using the World Health Organization reference. Parents self-reported child’s attendance in after-school tutoring and availability of electronic devices at home. Sampling weights were used to account for unequal selection probability and nonresponses in analyses. Students attending tutoring were more likely to be overweight/obesity (odds ratio = 1.59, P < .001). Overweight/obesity students spent on average about 1.5 hours/week more attending tutoring; most of these hours were during weekdays (P < .05). Students living in households with ≥2 types of devices were more likely to be overweight/obesity (odds ratio = 2.83, P < .001). Strategies to reduce study sitting time and the use of electronic devices may help with childhood overweight/obesity prevention.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-10-29T09:39:06Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520968465
Challenges Facing the Chinese Health Care System
- Authors: Kaixuan Hu
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  The purposes of this article are to explore the challenges the Chinese health care system will be facing in the next decade. The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) having infected more than 90 000 persons in China (Source: World Health Organization, WHO Coronavirus Disease Dashboard) again reveals the weaknesses of the fragmental health care system. Over the past 3 decades, increasing out-of-pocket spending on health care, increasing mortality rate of chronic disease, growing disparities between rural and urban populations, the defectiveness of disease surveillance system, and disease outbreak response system have been pressing Chinese authorities for action. As this country has experienced an unprecedented economic growth along with an unparalleled development of health care system in the past 3 decades, the challenges ahead are unavoidably numerous and complex.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-10-29T09:38:47Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520968464
Association of Refugees’ Knowledge of Mental Illness and Their
Attitudes Toward Mental Illness
- Authors: Sungwon Jung, Eun-Jung Kim
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  The purpose of this study is to identify the level of mental health knowledge of defectors and to investigate the effect of sociodemographic characteristics and mental health knowledge level on mental health attitudes. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 150 people and analyzed the data of 138 people. The t test and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze differences according to demographic characteristics. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to measure the effect of mental illness knowledge on attitudes toward mental illness. The positive correlations between the mental health attitudes of North Korean defectors and the knowledge level were significant, and the knowledge level between final academic achievement in South Korea and the entry year into South Korea was also significant. The higher the knowledge of mental health, the more generous the minds of those with mental illness because they know better about it, and they have negative thoughts about regulating their lives.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-10-27T07:33:40Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520968457
Prescribing Patterns of Antihypertensive Medications in Low- and
Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
- Authors: Verda Arshad, Zainab Samad, Jai Das, Aysha Almas, Nouman Rashid, Salim S. Virani, Gerald S. Bloomfield, Tazeen H. Jafar, Bilal Ahmed
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Hypertension is highly prevalent, but its pharmacological management has not been well evaluated in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This review examined the prescribing patterns of antihypertensives in LMICs. Data were extracted from a total of 26 studies spanning the time period 2000 to 2018. In 10 studies, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) were the most frequently prescribed medication for managing hypertension (range = 33% to 72%); in 6 studies, renin angiotensin system (RAS) blockers (range = 25% to 83%); in 5 studies, diuretics (range = 39% to 99%); and in 5 studies, β-blockers (BBs; range = 26% to 49%) were the most commonly prescribed antihypertensive medications. Prescribing sedatives and sublingual administration of captopril for controlling hypertension was also reported in 3 studies. Only 10 studies presented their findings in light of national or international guidelines. This review calls for further antihypertensive utilization and dispensation studies and a better understanding of clinician’s perception and practice of hypertension management guidelines in LMICs.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-10-21T12:59:09Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520965280
Social Determinants of Undernutrition Among Under-5 Children in Rural
Areas of Myanmar: A Narrative Review
- Authors: Kyae Mhon Htwe
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Childhood undernutrition is a major public health challenge in Myanmar. To reduce the prevalence of childhood undernutrition in Myanmar, it is important to understand the social determinants of under-5 undernutrition. This review aimed to identify the social determinants of undernutrition in under-5 children in rural areas of Myanmar. A systematic search strategy was conducted through databases- Medline (Ovid), PubMed, SCOPUS, ProQuest Central, Web of science, and POPLINE. The grey literatures from relevant websites were also searched. Keywords were identified and used to search the literature published from 2007 to 2020 in English. Thematic analysis was performed. Twenty-five publications met the selection criteria and were reviewed. Five major themes were identified as important social determinants of under-5 undernutrition in Myanmar—food insecurity, poverty, maternal factors, an unhealthy environment, and low access to health services. This review highlights the need for a systematic and multisectoral approach to address under-5 undernutrition in Myanmar. Investment in agriculture and rural infrastructure development, and women’s education and empowerment may be major contributors to improving the nutritional status of children in rural Myanmar. Findings from this study can be used to develop nutrition-related policies and programs to reduce childhood undernutrition and improve nutrition outcomes in rural Myanmar.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-10-09T12:42:08Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520962974
An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Prevalence and Consultation Rate for
Dyslipidemia in Japan
- Authors: Tasuku Okui
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  This study involved an age-period-cohort analysis of the consultation rate and prevalence of dyslipidemia in Japan, based on Patient Survey data from 1999 to 2017 and open data of national database of health insurance claims and specific health checkups in Japan from 2013 to 2016. Our results showed that the consultation rates were lower than the prevalence, regardless of age, year, and sex, and particularly among middle-aged and male respondents. Additionally, both the consultation rate and prevalence increased with increasing age to a greater extent among women than men, and the degree of increase in the consultation rate was larger than that in prevalence among women. Furthermore, although the cohort effect on prevalence began to decrease among men in cohorts born in approximately 1960, the effect decreased among women in cohorts born between the 1930s and 1960s and exhibited an increasing trend thereafter.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-10-08T09:34:28Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520963643
Gender Differences in the Impact of Depression on Cognitive Decline Among
Korean Older Adults
- Authors: Jongnam Hwang, Seongju Kim, Sujin Kim
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  This study aimed to investigate whether (1) depression is associated with cognitive decline in Korean older adults and (2) the relationship between depression and cognitive function varies by gender. Using Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging data of 2006 to 2014, we studied 1787 adults aged 65 years or older who had normal cognitive function at baseline. This study examined the effects of depression on cognitive decline by using an interaction term of baseline depression and time, and compared relationships by gender. Among male participants, K-MMSE (Korean-Mini-Mental Status Examination) scores decreased with age, at an annual rate of approximately 0.465 points. Baseline depression was found to accelerate the decline in cognitive function, by approximately 0.184 points per year. Among female participants, K-MMSE scores decreased with age, at an annual rate of approximately 0.585 points. Baseline depression was not related to the decline in cognitive function. These results suggest the need for community-based programs to increase awareness of mental health problems need to be developed to encourage the use of health services to prevent or delay cognitive decline in older Korean males.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-10-01T10:22:48Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520961715
Associations Between Perceived Environmental Pollution and Mental Health
in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in East Asia
- Authors: Takashi Yamashita, Giyeon Kim, Darren Liu, Anthony R. Bardo
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Given the widely used objective measures of environmental pollution in previous research, this study investigated subjective measures in relation to mental health among middle-aged and older adults in 3 East Asian countries—China, Japan, and South Korea. The samples from the 2010 East Asian Social Survey included 2502 Chinese, 1794 Japanese, and 871 South Korean adults aged 40 and older. Linear regression models were used to examine the associations between mental health measure (SF-12) and 4 perceived environmental pollution indicators (ie, air, water, noise, and pollution index). Greater perceived pollution indicators, as well as the perceived pollution index, were associated with poorer mental health, even after adjusting for covariates in all 3 countries. Although results need to be further verified in future research, national-level efforts to improve perceptions of environmental pollution may be useful to enhance the mental health of East Asian middle-aged and older adults.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-09-29T06:41:24Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520960993
Association Between Parity and the Age at Menopause and Menopausal
Syndrome in Northwest China
- Authors: Xiaoyan Sun, Rui Zhang, Lirong Wang, Xiping Shen, Yongbin Lu, Junxia An, Liyan Wang, Yiqing Wang, Xiaorong Luo, Haiying Zhu, Xuehong Zhang
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  This study evaluated the relationships between parity and the age at menopause and menopausal syndrome among Chinese women in Gansu. A total of 7236 women aged 40 to 55 years met study eligibility criteria. The modified Kupperman Menopausal Index scale was used to assess the severity of menopausal syndrome. Cox regression was applied to estimate hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval, and logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratio and confidence interval. The mean age at menopause was 47.91 ± 3.31 years. There is no relationship between parity and age at menopause. Women with nulliparity or multiparity seemed to have higher risks of moderate and severe menopausal syndrome. The potential beneficial effects of 1 or 2 births on menopausal syndrome were also observed by applying the multivariable logistic regression analysis, particularly in urogenital symptoms. Women with nulliparity and multiparity appeared to be at the higher risks of menopause syndrome.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-09-25T01:29:35Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520960987
Blood Pressure Changes in a Chinese Population Have a Greater Impact on
Short-Term Outcomes Rather Than Long-Term Outcomes of Major Adverse
Cardiovascular Events
- Authors: Qianyi Xu, Yali Wang, Yanxia Xie, Jia Zheng, Rongrong Guo, Yue Dai, Zhaoqing Sun, Liying Xing, Xingang Zhang, Shikai Ruan, Liqiang Zheng, Yingxian Sun
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  The purpose of our study was to explore the association of blood pressure (BP) changes on short-and long-term outcomes of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in rural China. This study was designed to learn the effects of BP changes (2004-2008) on short-term (2008-2010, within 2 years of the initial examination) and long-term (2008-2017) outcomes of MACE, including 24 285 and 27 290 participants, respectively. In this study, 423 (short-term) and 1952 (long-term) MACEs were identified. For prehypertension to hypertension, the risk of long-term stroke was increased (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.18 [1.00-1.39]). For hypertension to prehypertension, the short-term MACE risk (0.65 [0.47-0.90]), short-term stroke risk (0.45 [0.26-0.76]), and long-term stroke risk (0.83 [0.70-0.99]) all decreased. Short-term outcomes conferred a stronger impact than long-term outcomes (Fisher Z test, measured as the difference of β coefficients, all P < .05).
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-09-15T11:40:55Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520955088
Pacific and English Language Fluency and Mental Disorder Symptom
Indications Among Pacific Mothers in New Zealand: Findings From the
Pacific Islands Families Study
- Authors: Philip J. Schluter, Ophélie A. M. Collet, El-Shadan Tautolo, Leon Iusitini, Jesse Kokaua, Janis Paterson
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Within New Zealand (NZ), Pacific people experience higher prevalence of mental disorder than non-Pacific people. Bilinguals are believed to have psychological advantages over monolinguals, although the empirical evidence base is equivocal. A prospective cohort of Pacific mothers was studied at 6 weeks (n = 1272), 1-year (n = 1135), and 2-year (n = 1059) postpartum. At 6 weeks, 343 (27.0%) mothers were fluent in both Pacific and English languages, 519 (40.8%) only fluent in Pacific language(s), and 410 (32.2%) only fluent in English. Over assessment waves, 16.0%, 12.5%, and 8.7% of mothers had mental disorder symptom indications. In adjusted generalized estimating equation analysis, mothers speaking English only had odds of mental disorder symptom indication 2.24 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.44-3.49) that of bilingual mothers, while those who spoke Pacific language(s) only had odds of 1.52 (95% CI = 0.95-2.42). Supporting Pacific and English languages within NZ may confer mental health benefits to new Pacific mothers and potentially others.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-09-11T06:52:44Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520956433
Assessing the Quality of Life Among Productive Age in the General
Population: A Cross-Sectional Study of Family Life Survey in Indonesia
- Authors: Faiza Yuniati, Sudijanto Kamso
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  A large number of productive age populations in Indonesia are tagged reliable human resources, assuming they have a good quality of life (QoL). This study aims to examine the determinant factors related to QoL based on the 2014 Indonesia Family Life Survey. This is a population-based cross-sectional study comprising 13 368 participants aged 15 to 64 years from 23 provinces. The analysis was carried out to construct a composite indicator of QoL. The result showed that the low prevalence of 54% among the general population needs to be ameliorated. Demographic factors (eg, age, marital status, and education), primary activities, pain, and chronic illnesses were significantly related to QoL and used to provide supporting information.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-09-10T09:27:21Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520956411
Contact Tracing for Containment of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in
the Early Phase of the Epidemic in the Maldives
- Authors: Ibrahim Afzal, Raheema Abdul Raheem, Nazla Rafeeq, Sheena Moosa
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  The objective of the study was to find the effectiveness of contract tracing and containment measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Contact tracing approach in the Maldives was examined and information on the cases and contacts was extracted from the GO.DATA software and the outbreak online database that was adopted by the Maldives for COVID-19 epidemic. A mathematical model was developed to provide information on expected number of cases and contacts. The effectiveness of contact tracing was analyzed by comparing the model-projected figures and the actual cases and contacts reported. The setting was National Emergency Operations Centre of the Maldives for COVID-19 outbreak, and the subjects were cases and contacts of COVID-19. Up to July 19, 2020 (week 29), there were 2966 confirmed cases and 23 091 contacts traced. The procedures employed in the contact tracing and containment measures in the Maldives were effective in delaying the spread of COVID-19 in the community. The cases and contacts were found to be lower than the predicted mathematical model.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-08-31T06:41:47Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520956447
Is Samoa Prepared for an Outbreak of COVID-19'
- Authors: Lawal Olatunde Olayemi, Ramona Boodoosingh, Filipina Amosa-Lei Sam
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  The global pandemic of COVID-19 poses a public health danger to the Pacific island countries. Due to the imminent threat of the SARS-COV-2, the World Health Organization in collaboration with other regional stakeholders had initiated a joint task force on epidemic preparedness and management. Since Samoa is a tourism destination in the south pacific, it is highly prone to an outbreak of COVID-19 if stringent public health measures and regulations are not enforced. This article, thus, highlights different opinions and various stand points regarding epidemic preparedness and emergency response in case there is an outbreak of COVID-19 in Samoa.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-05-14T09:19:44Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520927283
Tobacco and Alcohol Use Among Ethnic Minorities in Vietnam
- Authors: Thi Phuong Thao Tran, Ngoc-Anh Hoang Thi, Quynh Long Khuong, Bui Thi Thu Ha, Nguyen Thanh Ha, Doan Thi Thuy Duong, Tran Trung, Hoang Thi Huong, Nguyen Van Huan, Tran Thi Tuyet Hanh, Dang Kim Khanh Ly, Luu Thi Kim Oanh, Nguyen Thi Thu Trang, Cao Huu Quang, Nguyen Bao Ngoc, Hoang Hong Hanh, Tran Tuan Anh, Nguyen Mai Huong, Van Minh Hoang
  First page: 387
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  This study investigates the prevalence of tobacco and alcohol uses and associated factors among 12 ethnic minorities in Vietnam in 2019. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 5172 people aged ≥15 years. The prevalence of smoking and drinking was 19.7% and 29.9%, respectively, and significantly higher among men than women. These numbers were heterogeneous across ethnic minorities. Smoking prevalence was high among Ba Na (25.9%), Cham An Giang (22.3%), Khmer (23.5%), La Hu (26.3%), Ta Oi (30.7%), and Bru Van Kieu (29.6%), whereas that of Gie Trieng and Mnong was low (3.7% and 9.5%, respectively). Drinking prevalence ranged from 1.4% in Cham An Giang to 68.6% in Ba Na ethnicity. A wide ethnic disparity on tobacco and alcohol use could be explained by the ethnic variation of lifestyles, social norms, and cultural features. Our findings suggest the need to develop ethnic-specific interventions to mitigate the smoking and drinking prevalence.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-09-11T06:54:44Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520956444
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Prevalence of Cigarette and E-Cigarette
Use Among Adolescents in Bangkok, Thailand
- Authors: Takuma Ofuchi, Aye Myat Myat Zaw, Bang-on Thepthien
  First page: 398
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Currently, e-cigarettes are the most popular tobacco product among adolescents. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and dual use in a sample of adolescents in Bangkok, Thailand. The sample comprises 6167 students from 48 schools (grades 9, 11, and vocational year 2) who participated in the 2019 round of the Behavior Surveillance Survey. History of 11 ACEs was used to calculate a cumulative ACE score (range 0-11). Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between history of ACEs and smoking. In the sample, 7.0% reported using e-cigarettes only and 9.5% used e-cigarettes and cigarettes (dual use). After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, history of ACEs was associated with increased odds of dual use. The odds of cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use was significantly greater if the adolescent had a history of ≥4 ACEs. Special attention is needed to prevent smoking of different types among those with a history of ACEs.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-10-07T11:51:55Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520962956
Associations Between Secondhand Smoke and Mental Health in Korean
Adolescents
- Authors: Boyoung Kim, Hae Ran Kim
  First page: 406
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  This study assessed secondhand smoke exposure among nonsmokers and examined its association with mental health in Korean adolescents. We used the 14th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey in 2018 to extract data and analyzed 60 040 adolescents through 3 secondhand smoke exposure categories: home, school, and public places. Mental health included stress, insufficient sleep, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Secondhand smoke exposure was reported at 23.0% for home, 20.0% for school, and 51.4% for public places. Secondhand smoke exposures were associated with stress insufficient sleep, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Furthermore, in the stratified analysis, secondhand smoke exposure was related to poor mental health in both nonsmokers and smokers. Based on the results, we concluded that Korean adolescents may experience poor mental health symptoms from being exposed to secondhand smoke.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-09-15T11:42:14Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520957846
Tobacco Use and Cessation Among a National Online Sample of Men Who Have
Sex With Men in Malaysia
- Authors: Sin How Lim, Lujain Daghar, Christopher Bullen, Hanisah Muhammad Faiz, Mohd Akbar, Amer Siddiq Amer Nordin, Anne Yee
  First page: 414
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Previous studies documented the health disparities in smoking among sexual minority populations, including men who have sex with men (MSM). However, smoking behaviors have never been examined among Malaysian MSM, a sexual minority group in a predominantly Muslim country. A total of 622 Malaysian MSM completed an anonymous online survey in 2017. Data on the demographics, smoking and substance use behaviors, psychosocial factors, and attitudes toward smoking cessation were collected and analyzed. The mean age was 28 years and 67% of participants were of Malay ethnicity. The prevalence of current smoking was 23% (n = 143), while former smokers were 9% (n = 59). Current smoking status was associated with HIV-positive status and risk behaviors, such as suicidality, alcohol use, and illicit drug use (P = .001). Almost two thirds of current smokers had attempted to quit in the past year. Hence, comprehensive smoking cessation interventions addressing the psychosocial needs of MSM should be prioritized.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-10-21T12:59:29Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520965370
Does Father’s Social Capital Matter to Child Undernutrition in
Myanmar'
- Authors: Thida Win, Than Tun Sein, Wakaha Ikeda, Akemi Morita, Shigeru Sokejima
  First page: 418
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  This article examined the association between social capital of fathers and child undernutrition using a community-based survey in Myanmar in 2018. The anthropometric measurements of 1546 children aged 6 to 59 months and face-to-face interviews of 1546 respective biological fathers were performed. The 3 social capital indicators (institutional trust, social supports, and collective action) were included in 2-level logistic regression models for child wasting and child stunting. Social supports from fathers’ social networks were protective measures for child wasting and child stunting at individual and community levels, respectively. The collective action of fathers was positively associated with child stunting at individual level. No association was found between institutional trust and both indicators of child undernutrition at all levels. The individual-level collective action on child stunting was conditional on the community-level social supports. Our findings suggest that existing nutritional strategies in Myanmar may be strengthened by targeting fathers to increase their support in child nutrition and by targeting the community to engage in the nutritional programs with their full support.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-08-28T05:28:01Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520951717
Improving Health Service Quality in the Kingdom of Cambodia: A Policy
Perspective
- Authors: Sambo Pheakdey, Narith Chan, Robert John Kolesar, Chantha Chak
  First page: 426
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  The achievement of Universal Health Coverage, including quality services, is high on the international agenda. Cambodia aims to expand social health protection and is committed to improving the healthcare service quality. We review the country context and propose five policy approaches to accelerate progress on healthcare quality improvement in Cambodia. These approaches aim to augment the profile and continued focus on quality while leveraging and optimizing existing systems to incentivize improvements and increase value for money.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-09-15T11:41:34Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520957841
The Impact of Social Support on Nurses’ Motivation: A
Cross-Sectional Study in Malaysia
- Authors: Aizzat Mohd Nasurdin, Cheng Ling Tan, Sabrina Naseer Khan
  First page: 430
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Motivation is exceptionally crucial in influencing the quality of health care work outcomes. In view of the mounting challenges and stressful work environment faced by nurses, social support has been identified as an essential resource that helps promote their work motivation. The central aim of this study is to explore 3 forms of social support (perceived organizational support, perceived supervisory support, and perceived peer support) on nurses’ motivation. Cross-sectional data were collected via questionnaires from a sample of 354 nurses working in Malaysian public hospitals. The hypothesized model was tested using partial least squares method. Our results disclosed that all forms of social support have positive effects on motivation.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-10-21T12:59:39Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520965026
Rural-Urban Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among
Middle-Age Men in China
- Authors: Lee Liu
  First page: 436
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Rural-urban health disparities are still poorly understood, due to a considerable gap in knowledge, while a looming heart disease and stroke epidemic in China has caused global concern. This report attempts to fill in the knowledge gaps to examine if rural-urban disparities in heart disease and stroke mortality have widened, which population cohorts have experienced the greatest mortality growth and disparities, and if rurality still matters in China. Age-specific data from 2002 to 2016 published in the China Health Yearbooks were analyzed with the Joinpoint Regression Program. The results reveal that China faces a fast growing cardiovascular disease epidemic with widening rural-urban disparities. Rural death rates have grown higher than urban rates along with fast rising rural mortality, and the fastest increasing rates are found among rural men in younger age groups. These findings inspire further research into the causes of the disparities.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-09-12T05:56:35Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520956446
Verbal Abuse Among Nurses Working in a Nepalese Government Hospital
- Authors: Anjana Lamichhane, Sung-Heui Bae
  First page: 440
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Verbal abuse among nurses is the most prevailing type of violence encountered by nurses. A cross-sectional research design was used to identify the characteristics of verbal abuse among nurses. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 201 nurses working in a government hospital of Nepal. Nurses were exposed to verbal abuse and yelling or raising voice in an angry fashion was the most common forms experienced by 96.5% of the respondents. Patient’s relatives were reported as the main source of verbal abuse. Frequent exposure to verbal abuse was found in Nepalese nurses, which makes nurses feel unsupported, increased stress levels, and decreased sense of relaxation/well-being in the job. There is an immediate need of monitoring and training among nursing staff in recognition and management of aggressive behavior.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-11-04T05:28:38Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520965032
A Comparative Study of Residents’ Responses Between the Epicenter and
the Surrounding Areas in Hubei Province During the COVID-19 Outbreak
- Authors: Haiyan Gao, Yuchun Zou, Xi Chen
  First page: 447
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 was first reported in Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei province, China, in December 2019. To contain the spread of the virus, authorities imposed a lockdown on Wuhan and other 16 cities in Hubei for months. This study aims to evaluate individual responses toward the pandemic in areas with different levels of infection severity. A total of 10 424 residents in Hubei participated in the online and telephone surveys. Results showed that various life stress and psychological distress were prevalent due to the pandemic and the massive lockdown. However, residents showed very high appraisal for central government and state media and support for lockdown strategy. Moreover, there were both similarities and differences in responses. People in Wuhan experienced more life difficulties, anxiety, and discrimination and had a lower appraisal for the local government and media than their counterparts. In contrast, perceived economic loss, evaluation of central government, and attitude toward lockdowns were not significantly different among residents at the epicenter and the surroundings.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-08-31T06:40:47Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520956440
The Risk Distribution of COVID-19 in Indonesia: A Spatial Analysis
- Authors: Tris Eryando, Tiopan Sipahutar, Septian Rahardiantoro
  First page: 450
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia started with 2 cases on March 2, 2020, and as of May 11, a total of 14 265 people were infected. The government through Task Force for COVID-19 Rapid Response informs the progress of COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, but no one has provided a picture of the risk distribution in all provinces in Indonesia. This research is intended to identify high-risk provinces based on risk factors in each province and to find COVID-19 hotspots. This is an ecological study that used aggregate data. We used a map to present the risk distribution in Indonesia, and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) to define the hotspot area of COVID-19 in Indonesia. There are 6 provinces identified as high-risk areas of COVID-19 in Indonesia, and the hotspot provinces are Banten, DKI Jakarta, West Java, East Java, and Central Java.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-10-05T09:37:26Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520962940
How Do Southeast Asia Countries Respond and Mitigate to Novel Coronavirus
Pandemic' A Lesson From Malaysia
- Authors: Siti Fairuz Mohd Radzi, Mohd Sayuti Hassan, Muhammad Abdul Hadi Mohd Radzi
  First page: 453
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  This article highlights the response and mitigation strategies implemented by Malaysia in responding to COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) pandemic. A combination of mitigation measures that represent different aims enables countries, especially those with limited resources, to fight the infectious disease effectively. Contact tracing, strict movement control, and the use of social media to disseminate information have been effective in reducing the number of COVID-19-positive cases. Home quarantine for travelers is observed to be ineffective to control the virus. The mitigation measures addressed in this article can provide a basis for countries in Southeast Asia region and those with limited resources to develop mitigation strategies to reduce the severity of the outbreak.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-10-08T09:35:07Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520962970
COVID-19 and Lockdown: Impact on Mental Health Among the Residents of
Assam, India
- Authors: Ananya Jyoti Gogoi, Chandana Sarmah
  First page: 456
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Cross-sectional survey was conducted from May 8 to 18, 2020, using snowball sampling technique to understand the impact of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and resulting lockdown on the mental health of the people of Assam. Data on demography and mental health status during the lockdown period were collected using online questionnaire. Assessment of mental health status was done using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Frequency of individuals with moderate to extremely severe depression, anxiety, and stress was quite higher than the results obtained during the National Mental Health Survey of India, 2016. Thus, appropriate intervention by mental health professionals is needed to help the population deal with the crisis.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-10-01T10:23:56Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520962952
Incubation Period and Reproduction Number for Novel Coronavirus 2019
(COVID-19) Infections in India
- Authors: Seema Rajesh Patrikar, Atul Kotwal, Vijay K. Bhatti, Amitav Banerjee, Kunal Chatterjee, Renuka Kunte, Murlidhar Tambe
  First page: 458
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly spread from China to other parts of the world. Knowledge of incubation period and reproduction number is important in controlling any epidemic. The distribution of these parameters helps estimate the epidemic size and transmission potential of the disease. We estimated the incubation period and reproduction number of COVID-19 for India utilizing data reported by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, and data in public domain. The mean incubation period seems to be larger at 6.93 (standard deviation = ±5.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.11-7.75), and 95th percentile estimate for best fit normal distribution is 17.8 days. Weibull distribution, the best fit for the reproduction number estimated pre lockdown reproduction number as 2.6 (95% CI = 2.34-2.86) and post lockdown reduced to 1.57 (95% CI = 1.3-1.84) implying effectiveness of the epidemic response strategies. The herd immunity is estimated between 36% and 61% for R0 of 1.57 and 2.6, respectively.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-08-31T06:38:08Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520956427
COVID-19 Lockdown in Indonesia: Greater Investment Will Be Needed to
Mitigate the Impact on People Living With HIV
- Authors: Keerti Gedela, Pande Putu Januraga, Hendry Luis, Frank Stephen Wignall, Irwanto Irwanto
  First page: 461
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-10-19T09:57:09Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520962611
A Foundational Assessment of the Effects of the Spread of COVID-19 Virus
Infection and Related Activity Restrictions on Mental and Physical Health,
Psychological Distress, and Suicidal Ideation in Japan
- Authors: Keita Kiuchi, Katsumasa Kishi, Kanto Araki
  First page: 463
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 has led to several subsidiary health problems for the general public. Therefore, verification of psychosomatic responses under various conditions is required. The current study examines the mental and physical responses of individuals in Japan in relation to differences in basic demographic information. A web survey was conducted among 1500 people. The results showed that differences in ethnicity, concurrence of physical or mental illness, the nature of those living in the same household (eg, high-risk individuals or preschoolers), household income, and employment status were associated with differences in physical and mental health, psychological distress, and/or suicidal ideation. Differences related to the degree of the spread of the infection in the area of residence, degree of engagement in essential work, and frequency of contact with others during normal times were not found. Future longitudinal studies and verification of the effects of multiple variables are required.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-10-17T07:43:00Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520965449
Measures to Control the Transmission of COVID-19 in South Korea: Searching
for the Hidden Effective Factors
- Authors: Ladan Rokni, Sam-Hun Park
  First page: 467
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  The experiences of South Korea in controlling the transmission of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) is valuable as a successful strategic plan. However, this research aimed to investigate the effective factors in this process from different perspectives. Based on an analysis of the available information and statistics published by the government, World Health Organization, and local organizations, this research was searching for not only the effective approaches in controlling the transmission but also the effective factors that roots in Korean cultural background and lifestyle. The critical points in controlling the virus transmission in Korea have been to respond promptly, besides of designing an active system of tracing, and early detection. The supply chain management prevented any shortage on the required products. Advanced technology guaranteed the safety of the medical facilities. However, another efficient factor was the Korean social and cultural background, besides the national solidarity. The findings highlight that the mechanisms that help South Korea fight in controlling the transmissions of the pandemic were in line with the World Health Organization’s recommendation. However, South Korea gained advantages from other factors that have roots in their social interactions, cultural background, and the well-established and advanced IT systems that enabled the government to manage the outbreak of COVID-19.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-09-09T06:23:23Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520956438
COVID-19 Pandemic Control: Lessons Learned From Hai Phong City, Vietnam
- Authors: Thanh Chi Tran, The Anh Ngo, Thanh Duc Nguyen, Linus Olson, Mattias Larsson
  First page: 469
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) pandemic has affected almost all countries in the world. When the first cases were reported from Hubei, China, in late December 2019, the Vietnamese authorities acknowledged the potential risk of an epidemic having had the experience of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Avian flu. When it was clear that there was human-to-human transmission in the epidemic in Wuhan that started in January 2020, the Vietnamese government, health care system, and civil society were rapidly mobilized. How has a country with a population of about 100 million and a long porous border to China managed to prevent a larger outbreak' This case history is about how Hai Phong city implemented the initial COVID-19 response. Hai Phong reacted quickly after the COVID-19 outbreak in China by, quarantining people coming from pandemic areas, and carrying out contact tracing and extensive testing, closing schools and universities and implementing two weeks of social distancing measures. There are no detected positive cases until May 18, 2020 in Hai Phong.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-09-10T09:29:03Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520956424
Response to COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Strategies to Resist the Growing Trend
of COVID-19 in a Less Restricted Situation
- Authors: Saifur Rahman Chowdhury, Tachlima Chowdhury Sunna, Shubrandu Sanjoy
  First page: 471
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has been a global concern since its outbreak, where the number of COVID-19 cases is also on a rapid surge in Bangladesh with the report of a total of 178,443 cases after the detection of the first three cases in this country on 8 March 2020. From the beginning, the Bangladesh government has taken different initiatives to contain the outbreak of COVID-19, though the government has reduced the restrictions from public life by lifting shut down and re-opening to keep sustained the economy of the country. In this short commentary, we describe the initiatives that the Bangladesh government has taken to respond to COVID-19, the current challenges to fight against COVID-19, and suggest the possible strategies to resist the growing trend of COVID-19 in a less restricted and non-shut down situation.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-08-20T06:15:32Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520951689
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Delivery of Critical Health Care: Experience
From a Non–High-Income Country
- Authors: Thirunavukarasu Kumanan, Chrishanthi Rajasooriyar, Mahesan Guruparan, Nadarajah Sreeharan
  First page: 473
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Sri Lanka has controlled the direct impact of COVID-19 well, but the restrictive measures have adversely affected services including cardiac and cancer care. The reasons are multifold, including previous traumatic experiences of the population. Bespoke solutions should be implemented in pandemics, considering the socioeconomic and psychological status of vulnerable populations.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-10-03T08:55:11Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520963626
Preference and Trust: An Investigation of Information Source of COVID-19
Among People Over 50 Years
- Authors: Nan Yu, Zhaojun Jiang
  First page: 476
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  A cross-sectional survey that reached 21 out of 34 provinces of China was conducted during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China. The study discovered different patterns of source preference and trust among people over 50 years. The data suggested the critical role of television and family as preferred and trustworthy information sources of the pandemic. The potential roles of social media and news apps for distributing COVID-19 information were also discovered. Additionally, age, education, marriage status, health status, and vision health can influence choices of information sources during a pandemic.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-08-31T06:38:27Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520956428
Allaying Post-COVID19 Negative Health Impacts Among Older People: The
“Need To Do Something With Others”—Lessons From the Japan
Gerontological Evaluation Study
- Authors: Miyako Kimura, Toshiyuki Ojima, Kazushige Ide, Katsunori Kondo
  First page: 479
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Restrictions on going out, meeting other people, and participating in activities during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) pandemic may have a prolonged effect on older people. This article discusses the importance of social relationships in the health of older people based on the results of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) that has conducted nationwide longitudinal studies. We selected cohort studies of JAGES, which investigated the relationships between social relationships and health, with more than 10 000 participants and published after 2010. The results showed that having contact with others, eating with others, and participating in social activities were negatively related to incident dementia, functional disability, depression, and premature death. A minimum of weekly contact with others, eating with others, and social participation by maintaining physical distancing are needed, even during the COVID-19 pandemic. For reducing the risks of transmission of coronavirus and its negative effects on health in the future, using the internet may be beneficial. The development of technological support networks for older people may be necessary.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-09-16T05:16:44Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520951396
Secure Health Care Workers’ Health and Safety Methodically During
COVID-19 Epidemic in Taiwan
- Authors: Huang-Chi Chen, Mei-Hsing Chen, Chun-Wei Shen, Meng-Hsuan Hsieh, Lin-Kun Wu, Li-Chin Chen, Tsun-Jen Cheng, Ling-Sui Chen, Jong-Rung Tsai, Shih-Huai Hsiao
  First page: 485
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  The aim of this article is to assess the effectiveness of 3 measures of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) containment for securing health care workers’ (HCWs) safety and health at 5 medical university–affiliated hospitals in Taiwan. Three measures were to enforce the reporting of HCWs with unknown fever, acute respiratory illness, and other symptoms; to conduct ongoing surveillance to obtain early warning of potential contagion exposure; and to perform epidemiological investigation and outbreak management. A 17-week surveillance data were collected, 374 (6.17%) HCWs with unknown fever or acute respiratory infection symptoms detected by online body temperature surveillance system were reported, there were no cases of nosocomial infection of COVID-19 among HCWs. Via contact tracing and reporting system, 133 (2.19%) HCWs reported footprints in different epidemic events, but no HCWs were infected. No onward transmission to HCWs occurred after containment measures were formulated. Integrated measures of surveillance, managing epidemic transmission chain, and encouraging individual responsibility have been effective approaches among HCWs in the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic. Despite the absence of ongoing local transmission, vigilance and compliance must be maintained to prevent spread of health care–associated infections in all areas and in social mingling among HCWs outside hospitals. These 3 methodical measures secured HCWs’ health and safety successfully and preserved health care delivery continuously.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-10-16T10:15:34Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520963629
Preparing for Complex Emergencies While Combating COVID-19: The Role of
Public Health Nurses in Japan
- Authors: Kyoko Yoshioka-Maeda, Chikako Honda, Riho Iwasaki-Motegi
  First page: 489
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  A combination of natural calamities and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) would cause a complex emergency. Modifying a disaster prevention plan to combat COVID-19, by developing an evacuation and monitoring system for the COVID-19 cases and their contacts who stay at their homes, is urgently needed in the public sector. This short communication presents a preparation for the complex disaster by public health nurses who could contribute to preventing risks and death of community-dwelling people.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-08-07T09:31:48Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520947885
Physical Activity in Adolescents During the Social Distancing Policies of
the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Authors: Ragab K. Elnaggar, Bader A. Alqahtani, Waleed S. Mahmoud, Mahmoud S. Elfakharany
  First page: 491
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  This study aimed at exploring the gender-specific changes in physical activity level (PAL) and associated factors amid the COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing, among adolescents. Sixty-three healthy adolescents (14-18 years) were assessed at the baseline (before social distancing imposition) for PAL (BL-PAL) and fitness variables; and next at the follow-up (2 months following social distancing commencement) for PAL (FU-PAL). A significant PAL decline was evidenced for the entire sample (P < .001) that was notably affected by PAL shifts among boys (P < .001) rather than girls (P = .07). Consistently, fitness variables (explosive strength, flexibility, and aerobic endurance) were positively correlated with BL-PAL and FU-PAL for boys and girls, where clearest associations were observed between baseline strength and aerobic endurance with PAL. With remarkable PAL declines among adolescents in challenging situations, like the COVID-19 pandemic, physical literacy is essential to preserve PAL.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-10-03T08:55:34Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520963564
Educational Motivation and Legislative Approaches for Safe and Effective
Hand Washes and Hand Rubs in Hand Health Care During COVID-19 Pandemic
- Authors: Dipak Kumar Mal, Biswajit Mukherjee
  First page: 495
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Today, perhaps, the biggest problem confronting society is COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) infection. Performance of hand hygiene is very essential in combating the pandemic COVID-19. Manufacturing companies producing hand sanitizers or hand rubs should follow the specifications and testing protocols as per government regulation under the guidance of competent regulatory authority. Frequent performance of hand hygiene may lead to skin rash if the hand sanitizer or hand rub is substandard. Adulteration of products to make more profit in COVID-19 crisis is to be monitored. Legislative approach may be initiated temporarily in COVID-19 crisis. Post COVID-19 permanent rules and regulations including procedure of applications of hand sanitizer or hand rub are to be developed scientifically.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-09-29T06:42:04Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520962612
Face Mask Policies in South Korea in Response to COVID-19
- Authors: Seungwon Yu, Suhee Kim, Junmo Kang
  First page: 497
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  All over the world, the critical shortage of face masks has been evident during the COVID-19 outbreak. No specific policy to solve the shortage has been shared among public health scholars and practitioners. Recently, the Korean government implemented noteworthy policies to stabilize the face mask market. This article examines the 3 government initiatives (Emergency Stabilization Policies) using participant observation, and what the effects of the Emergency Situation Policies are.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-08-26T09:20:31Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520951397
A Study on Knowledge, Behavior, and Attitude Toward Novel Coronavirus 2019
(SARS-CoV-2) Among the Jordanian Population
- Authors: Sana Janakat, Waleed Al Momani, Luai Abu-Ismail, Manar Abu Awwad, Omran Al Ameri, Sahem Gharaibeh, Husam Barakat
  First page: 500
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]) is a novel virus that causes severe pneumonia and may lead to death. The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge, behavior, and attitudes of Jordanian population toward COVID 19, which is essential to inform policy makers and raise public awareness of the importance of self-isolation, social distancing, and screen testing. The knowledge gaps and the essential elements required to educate and encourage the Jordanian population to play active roles in the prevention of COVID-19 disease is highlighted.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-10-07T11:48:37Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520965360
Concerns About Research Ethics in COVID-19 Publications
- Authors: Mohammad Javad Mansourzadeh, Amrollah Shamsi
  First page: 503
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  The need to know more about COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) has led to a rapid increase in scientific publications on this virus in a short period of time. Rapidity in publishing can accelerate the achievement of the ultimate goal of answering our questions about COVID-19 but there may be concerns. One of our concerns is the carelessness to research ethics in COVID-19 studies, which may sacrifice research ethics for high-speed publishing. In this article, we address some of the concerns about research ethics in the study of COVID-19.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-08-31T06:39:27Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520956439
COVID-19 and Ethics: A Latin American Perspective
- Authors: Ignacio Sánchez Díaz, Rodrigo López Barreda, Luca Valera
  First page: 505
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) pandemic is a phenomenon having major consequences worldwide. A number of recommendations have been made to help decision makers, but recommendations should be culturally adapted. From a Latin American perspective, it is important to focus on personal dignity, to give priority of caring for over curing, and to acknowledge the importance of community and solidarity.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-09-11T06:55:24Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520957814
Tropical Cyclones and Children During a Pandemic in the Philippines
- Authors: Jan Gresil S. Kahambing
  First page: 507
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-10-07T11:49:37Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520964277
Assessing the Causes for a Relatively Lower Morbidity From COVID-19 in
South Asia
- Authors: Anum Niazi, Shandana Kifayat, Nasir Javed, Muhammad Salar Khan
  First page: 508
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-09-22T09:34:44Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520960964
Routine Vaccination Disruption in Low-Income Countries: An Impact of
COVID-19 Pandemic
- Authors: Md. Moyazzem Hossain, Faruq Abdulla, Md. Karimuzzaman, Azizur Rahman
  First page: 509
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-09-12T05:55:35Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520957808
The Deadly Cost of Ignorance: The Risk of Second Wave of COVID-19
- Authors: Alireza Zali, Farzad Ashrafi, Davood Ommi, Behdad Behnam, Mehran Arab-Ahmadi
  First page: 511
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-09-11T06:55:04Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520957809
Journey to the East: COVID-19 Lessons From the East
- Authors: Samuel S. Y. Wang
  First page: 513
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-08-31T06:41:27Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520956442
Implications of Gastrointestinal Involvement in COVID-19
- Authors: Harmeet Kaur, Arshdeep Singh, Aravind P. Gandhi, Sathiabalan Murugan, Tarundeep Singh
  First page: 515
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-08-31T06:39:07Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520956430
The State of Orthodontic Practice After the Outbreak of COVID-19 in
Southeast Asia: The Current Scenario and Future Recommendations
- Authors: Mohmed Isaqali Karobari, Anand Marya, Adith Venugopal, Prasad Nalabothu, Ayesha Parveen, Tahir Yusuf Noorani
  First page: 517
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 (SC2) virus, in late December 2019 has dramatically changed the way we access health care, and dental care is no exception. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared this virus outbreak as a pandemic with its spread through direct transmission via droplet inhalation, cough, sneeze, or via aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), and contact transmission through oral, nasal, and eye mucous membranes. The clinical orthodontic practice involves the use of high-/low-speed handpiece for bonding, debonding, polishing and ultrasonic scalers for plaque removal. Oral sandblasting procedures generate high amounts of aerosols contaminated with infected patients’ saliva and could pose a huge challenge for the treating dentists and orthodontists. In the Southeast Asian region, the spread of the virus has been largely contained but the entire situation has elicited a mixed response from practitioners and patients’ alike. The problem most dentists including orthodontists are facing in this region at this point of time, is to identify sound safety protocols to prevent the spread of this highly transmissible virus.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-10-27T07:37:23Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520962919
Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on General Population in Turkey:
Risk Factors
- Authors: Ozlem Kazan Kizilkurt, Nesrin Dilbaz, Cemal Onur Noyan
  First page: 519
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-10-07T11:51:17Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520964276
Higher Temperature, Pressure, and Ultraviolet Are Associated With Less
COVID-19 Prevalence: Meta-Regression of Japanese Prefectural Data
- Authors: Hisato Takagi, Toshiki Kuno, Yujiro Yokoyama, Hiroki Ueyama, Takuya Matsushiro, Yosuke Hari, Tomo Ando
  First page: 520
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-08-07T09:31:48Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520947875
Barriers to Optimizing Teledentistry During COVID-19 Pandemic
- Authors: Muhammad Mohsin Haider, Asad Allana, Raheel Rehman Allana
  First page: 523
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-10-17T07:42:41Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520967603
Domestic Violence Amid COVID-19 Pandemic: Pakistan’s Perspective
- Authors: Mirza Altamish Muhammad Baig, Sajjad Ali, Numra Altaf Tunio
  First page: 525
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  While the coronavirus pandemic has spread around the world like wildfire since almost 7 months of its emergence, domestic violence has been breeding endlessly like a “silent pandemic” and is similarly globally persevered. Violence against women exacerbates during such emergencies on account of heightened tension and close living conditions due to lockdowns regulated by state orders. In Pakistan, where domestic violence is a “taboo” object of discussion, help is not provided from neighboring citizens, or even by law enforcers, leaving victims to endure in solitude acts of verbal, physical, psychological, and sexual abuse in the name of alleged supremacy of the assailant.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-10-05T09:36:26Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520962965
Beliefs About COVID-19 of Elderly Residents in Rural Bangladesh
- Authors: Muhammad Nazrul Islam, Akib Zaman, Shaoli Sarker
  First page: 527
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-10-03T08:54:15Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520964275
Rohingya Refugees and Coronavirus Disease-2019: Addressing Possible
Jeopardy From the Perspective of Bangladesh
- Authors: Md. Tariqul Islam Limon, Md. Fahad Jubayer, Mesbha Uddin Ahmed, Habibur Rahman, Md. Shahidullah Kayshar
  First page: 529
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-08-04T02:25:50Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520947887
COVID-19 Shows That Health Education Programs in Iran Must Be Revised
- Authors: Hamid Jafari, Majid Heidari Jamebozorgi, Majid Amiri Gharaghani
  First page: 531
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-08-07T09:31:47Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520947895
Health Behavior Toward COVID-19: The Role of Demographic Factors,
Knowledge, and Attitude Among Chinese College Students During the
Quarantine Period
- Authors: Miao Zhang, Qinmei Li, Xueying Du, Dan Zuo, Yani Ding, Xiaodong Tan, Qing Liu
  First page: 533
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-08-20T06:15:24Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520951408
COVID-19: Belize’s Success Story in Containing Community Spread Has
Suffered a Setback!
- Authors: Danladi Chiroma Husaini, Yusuf I. Abubakar
  First page: 536
  Abstract: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Ahead of Print.
  Belize is one of the countries in Latin America and the Caribbean with the lowest COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths until recently. The success of a low community spread of the novel coronavirus-19 can be attributed to the government’s rapid response in effective community participation through communication, promoting personal hygiene, social distancing, quarantine, and rapid mapping to trace, identify, and test potentially COVID-19 exposed persons. In addition to effective public awareness, legal and spiritual approaches were utilized to curb the spread of COVID-19 in the country of Belize. From March 2020 when the first case was confirmed, the methods employed to curb spread were so effective that no new case was reported for over 50 days. In an attempt to reopen the country for business, the success of effectively preventing widespread of the COVID-19 made the government ease some of the strict preventive measures of community spread. Presently, new COVID-19 cases are being reported as a result of illegal border crossing, repatriations of Belizeans abroad, and the apparent lack of adherence to the earlier measures put in place by the government to curb community spread of the COVID-19. The rise in the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths in Belize seem to jeopardize the success story of community spread earlier recorded in the country. This article presents some of the earlier measures put in place by the government of Belize that effectively curbed the community spread of COVID-19 in the country of Belize. Effective community participation is still the most effective means of preventing COVID-19 spread.
  Citation: Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  PubDate: 2020-09-25T01:28:55Z
  DOI: 10.1177/1010539520962604