 Subjects -> INSTRUMENTS (Total: 62 journals)
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- Pb(II) Selective Sensor of Poly (vinyl chloride-vinyl
acetate)/Polyaniline/Carbon Black
Abstract: Publication year: 2017Source: International Journal of Instrumentation Science, Volume 6, Number 1Ayesha KausarA new poly(vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate) (PVC-VAc), polyaniline (PANI), and carbon black (CB)-based selective membrane sensor for Pb(II) ions has been prepared using facile route. The potential response of PVC-VAc/PANI and PVC-VAc/PANI/CB membrane sensors as a function of Pb2+ activity was measured. There was improvement in the detection of Pb2+ activity with CB loading. The best response time was obtained for PVC-VAc/PANI/CB 3 sensor with greater CB loading, which was recorded as 10s. The sensors also showed fairly good electrical conductivity up to 10.5 Scm-1. The PVC-VAc/PANI/CB-based sensor has capability to be successfully applied for the direct determination of Pb(II) ions in solution and also as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of lead ions.
- Development of Smart Sensing Unit for Vibration Measurement by Embedding
Accelerometer with the Arduino Microcontroller
Abstract: Publication year: 2017Source: International Journal of Instrumentation Science, Volume 6, Number 1Viral K. Patel, Maitri N. PatelIn this paper, we have described a novel smart sensing unit for vibration measurement and machinery condition monitoring. Here we have embedded accelerometer with the arduino microcontroller board. Where microprocessor-based smart sensor shall collect 3-D vibrations; and these stored data in microcontroller can be sent to third party devices (Laptop, PC etc.) for further signal analysis. Analytical approaches have demonstrated that vibration monitoring has tremendous potential in detecting localized defects in the machines. When mounted in proximity of a bearing housing (a general case), these module can collect the Stationary as well as non-stationary signature data of vibration of bearing housing reliably. Since, most vibration sensors are mounted in proximity of bearing housings (based on mechanical impedance considerations); bearing fault detection techniques can be implemented for online bearing condition monitoring. This module can be easily deployed for different rotating machines for vibration monitoring purposes. Arduino board is utilized for collecting data from sensor as data acquisition module; which consists of ATMega328P microcontroller having 16 MHz clock speed, hence enabling us to capture high frequency signals from accelerometer.
- Poly(vinylacetate)cyanomethyl Diphenylcarbamodthioate/ Poly(vinyl
acetate)/Carbon Black Composite-based Sensor
Abstract: Publication year: 2016Source: International Journal of Instrumentation Science, Volume 5, Number 2Ayesha KausarIn this research attempt, composite of poly(vinylacetate)cyanomethyl diphenylcarbamodithioate (PVACMDT), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and carbon black (CB) was developed. The poly(vinylacetate)cyano-methyl diphenylcarbamodithioate/poly(vinyl acetate)/carbon black (PVACMDT/PVACMDT/CB) composite were prepared using a facile powder ultrasonication method. The PVACMDT/PVAc/CB composite was tested for gas sensing application. The morphology analysis revealed homogeneous dispersion and network formation of CB particle in the matrix upto 0.5 g. Increase in CB content also enhanced the percolation and conductivity of the composite. In contrast, resisitivity of the sensor was found to decrease in gas vapors. Nevertheless at higher filler content (beyond 0.5 g), resisitivity of the sensor was increased due to aggregation of CB particle.
- Design of Polydimethylsiloxane/Nylon 6/Nanodiamond for Sensor Application
Abstract: Publication year: 2016Source: International Journal of Instrumentation Science, Volume 5, Number 1Ayesha KausarIn this attempt, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and nylon 6 (Ny 6) were blended as matrix, while nanodiamond (ND) was used as nanofiller for nanocomposite formation. 2,2-Diethoxyacetophenone was used as photo-initiator. Various nanodiamond contents were loaded in PDMS/Ny 6/ND nanocomposite to form the matrix solution. The films were formed on the silicon wafers using dip coating technique. The materials were analyzed for thickness tests, adhesion tests as well as shear modulus G' studies vs. temperature and frequency. Thicknesses 30-45 μm was obtained by applying several layers of nanocomposite on the top of each other for various time spans. Shear modulus was found to be independent of the applied frequency, which was typical for rubber elastic material. However, the shear modulus was found to increase slightly with temperature. Adhesion between nanodiamond and PDMS/Ny 6 matrix was found to be strong because of covalent bonding. Manual peeling of the nanocomposite was not achieved owing to strong adhesion. The novel materials may find potential application in tactile sensors and sensor packaging.
- Novel Inspection Technique for Simultaneous Visualization of Two Waveforms
Obtained by Two-Channel Simultaneous Monitoring
Abstract: Publication year: 2016Source: International Journal of Instrumentation Science, Volume 5, Number 1Tetsuya Yamamoto, Nobuyuki Toyama, Hidekazu Miyauchi, Hiroshi TsudaA novel inspection technique for the simultaneous visualization of two waveforms in two-channel simultaneous monitoring using two transducers is proposed. In this technique, the two-channel scattering waves as well as the incident waves from two directions are simultaneously visualized. Compared to the conventional inspection method that uses a single transducer, this technique not only contributes to intuitive and easy interpretation by making use of movies of scattering waves but also halves the inspection time. For a thin aluminum plate with a penetrating slit, scattering phenomena are visualized using two transducers placed at an angle of 90º to the target. For a thick plate with a small rectangular defect on the back surface, waveforms are visualized by two facing transducers. It is shown that the orthogonal positions of the two transducers relative to the target are important, particularly in testing for line-shaped cracks. This technique is a promising candidate for laser-excited ultrasonic inspection.
- Benchtop Semi-Automated Solid State Photolithography Tool
Abstract: Publication year: 2016Source: International Journal of Instrumentation Science, Volume 5, Number 1Z. Mouffak, A. Olaivar, A. N. VangThe cost of a lab-grade photolithography tool is typically of the order of tens of thousands of dollars, a prohibitive price for many organizations that wish to prototype the fabrication of nanostructures. The availability of a more cost-friendly implementation of photolithography is crucial to the research and development of new technologies in nanoscale devices. In this work, we built a scaled down simplified version of a patterning system, the benchtop photolithography tool, which is expected to replicate certain nanopatterning techniques for under $300 —a tiny fraction of the cost of a typical mask aligner. A semi-automated benchtop photolithography tool is designed, fabricated, and programmed for prototyping and for research purposes. We use a USB 32-Bit Whacker PIC32MX795 Development Board that drives a programmable touchscreen, a UV LED array, a shutter, and a UV sensor, allowing us to have the desired high precision UV exposure. The integration of a microcontroller to operate the peripheral components of the tool allows to automate the small-scale photolithography process.
- Comparison of Natural Frequency Vibration Analysis for a Bridge Using
Accelerometers and a Piezoelectric Cable Vibration Sensor
Abstract: Publication year: 2015Source: International Journal of Instrumentation Science, Volume 4, Number 1N. Shimoi, M. Saijo, C. Cuadra, H. MadokoroReinforced concrete bridges occasionally became structurally unstable because of deterioration and effects of strong earthquakes. Operational restrictions imposed according to the great earthquake disaster are practical methods to secure safe road operations. This paper presents a novel piezoelectric cable vibration sensor prototype for use in a monitoring system that can easily evaluate the structural integrity of a reinforced concrete bridge quantitatively and easily by displacement measurement analysis. We performed a loaded car running test for a reinforced concrete bridge. The test compares accelerometer and piezoelectric cable vibration sensor measurements for natural vibration. However, the system has several shortcomings in terms of accuracy and reliability when applied to evaluation of the soundness of concrete bridges in practical environments. As described herein, we present an outline of our studied system with emphasis on upgrading of its function and principal specifications of the developed system for monitoring reinforced concrete bridge stability.
- Instrumentation Geophysics: Design and Construction of a DC Variable Power
Supply
Abstract: Publication year: 2014Source: International Journal of Instrumentation Science, Volume 3, Number 2Onuorah L. O., Nwozor K. K.This work demonstrates the design and implementation of a 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 Volts switching mode power supply system that replaces battery as a major source of direct current (DC) voltage for electronic equipment that can be used to energize electrodes, in geophysics field work that involves electrical resistivity surveys, seismographic and magneto-telluric surveys. The switching mode output of a variable power supply system produces direct voltages of 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 Volts that are selected by a multi-output switch. These voltages are stepped down from a 220 Volt alternating current (AC) main terminal by an auto (variable taps) transformer and thereafter rectified and smoothened. This smoothing process by a bridge rectifier converts AC to direct current (DC) and filters off the associated impurities and ripples. The capacitor used for each stage has the rating of 2200microfarad (µf) and 35Volts.
- Differential Temperature Controller for the Measurement of Thermoelectric
Power on Small Samples
Abstract: Publication year: 2014Source: International Journal of Instrumentation Science, Volume 3, Number 1Ravindrapal M. JoshiA low cost simple and versatile Seebeck coefficient ‘S’ measurement setup is fabricated. The fabricated setup can measure values of Seebeck coefficient ‘S’ with variation in temperature. The temperature can be varied from 25°C to 300°C. The setup can measure the value of S in the said temperature range for small samples. The compact setup has two heaters to raise overall temperature of the sample from 25°C to 300°C. The auxiliary heaters maintain the temperature gradient. The set overall sample temperature and temperature gradient is maintained by controller circuit and other ancillary circuits. To reduce error in Seebeck measurements, the temperature gradient ΔT can be varied from 1 to ± 10°C. The measured Seebeck coefficient ‘S’ variation with temperature for four single crystal samples using the fabricated setup is presented.
- Simulator of Reactor Kinetics
Abstract: Publication year: 2014Source: International Journal of Instrumentation Science, Volume 3, Number 1S. P. Dashuk, V. F. BorisovThis paper describes the design concepts of digital-to-analog simulators of nuclear reactor reactivity and gives information pattern about power signal which corresponds to fixed value of reactivity. The main design concept for digital-to-analog simulator is decadic partition of power signal level with normalization of decades to the specified number which corresponds to number of bits of digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and storing of the duplicated information concerning the power signal. This paper proposes the design of simulator based on 12-bit DAC. The simulator has ≤1% relative error for reactivity value corresponding to output signal of DAC-simulator within three decades of power signal variation.
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