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International Journal of Nuclear Hydrogen Production and Applications

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ISSN (Print) 1743-4939 - ISSN (Online) 1743-4947
Published by Inderscience Publishers

[367 journals]

The future of human civilisation, hydrogen civilisation: theoretical and humanitarian-cultural groundwork of the transition
- Authors: Victor A. Goltsov
  Pages: 159 - 177
  Abstract: A new vision of the future human civilisation, hydrogen civilisation (HyCi) is generalised. At this rigorous, severe historical period human kind still has a real possibility to save the biosphere and make living out of humanity a possible and real process. The above objective can be achieved only by advantageous all-planetary work along the direction of the ecologically clean and economically sustainable vector 'hydrogen energy → hydrogen economy → HyCi'. The HyCi concept includes three constituent, mutually conditioned parts: industrial-ecological, humanitarian-cultural and geopolitical-international legislative ones. This paper presents a comprehensive and analysed theoretical and humanitarian-cultural groundwork of the transition. The legislative-economic mechanism of the transition to HyCi is formulated, and the way to a hydrogen market economy – the economic basis of the HyCi – is indicated and discussed.
  Keywords: hydrogen energy; hydrogen economy; hydrogen civilisation; HyCi.
  Citation: International Journal of Nuclear Hydrogen Production and Applications, Vol. 2, No. 3 (2011) pp. 159 - 177
  PubDate: 2011-01-28T23:20:50-05:00
  DOI: 10.1504/IJNHPA.2011.038342
  Issue No: Vol. 2, No. 3 (2011)
Potential of hybridisation of the thermochemical hybrid-sulphur cycle for the production of hydrogen by using nuclear and solar energy in the same plant
- Authors: Nathalie Monnerie, Mark Schmitz, Martin Roeb, Dominik Quantius, Daniela Graf, Christian Sattler, Daniel De Lorenzo
 Pages: 178 - 201
 Abstract: The search for a sustainable, CO2-free massive hydrogen production route is a strong need, if one takes into account the world-wide increasing energy demand, the deterioration of fossil fuel reserves and in particular the increasing CO2 concentration leading to global warming. Thermo-chemical cycles for water splitting are considered as a promising alternative of emission-free routes of massive hydrogen production – with potentially higher efficiencies and lower costs compared to alkaline electrolysis of water. The hybrid-sulphur cycle was chosen as one of the most promising cycles from the 'sulphur family' of processes. Different process schemes using concentrated sunlight or nuclear generated heat or a combination of both have been elaborated and analysed by a comparative techno-economic study with regard to their potential of a large-scale hydrogen production. Options for a hybridisation of the energy supply between solar and nuclear have been also investigated, particular focused on the coupling of concentrated solar radiation into a round-the-clock operated process. Process design and simulation, industrial scale-up assessments including safety analysis and cost evaluations were performed to analyse reliability and potential of those process concepts.
 Keywords: thermochemical cycle; hybrid sulphur cycle; solar energy; economics; sulphur-iodine cycle; sulphuric acid; process modelling; nuclear energy; solar power; nuclear power; water splitting; hydrogen production; process design; simulation; safety ana
 Citation: International Journal of Nuclear Hydrogen Production and Applications, Vol. 2, No. 3 (2011) pp. 178 - 201
 PubDate: 2011-01-28T23:20:50-05:00
 DOI: 10.1504/IJNHPA.2011.038343
 Issue No: Vol. 2, No. 3 (2011)
HycycleS: a project on nuclear and solar hydrogen production by sulphur-based thermochemical cycles
- Authors: M. Roeb, D. Thomey, D. Graf, C. Sattler, S. Poitou, F. Pra, P. Tochon, C. Mansilla, J-C. Robin, F. Le Naour, R.W.K. Allen, R. Elder, I. Atkin, G. Karagiannakis, C. Agrafiotis, A.G. Konstandopoulos, M. Musella, P. Haehner, A. Giaconia, S. Sau, P. Tarquini, S. Haussener, A. Steinfeld, S. Martinez, I. Canadas, A. Orden, M. Ferrato, J. Hinkley, E. Lahoda, B. Wong
 Pages: 202 - 226
 Abstract: The European FP7 project HycycleS focuses on providing detailed solutions for the design of specific key components for sulphur-based thermochemical cycles for hydrogen production. The key components necessary for the high temperature part of those processes, the thermal decomposition of H2SO4, are a compact heat exchanger for SO3 decomposition for operation by solar and nuclear heat, a receiver-reactor for solar H2SO4 decomposition, and membranes as product separator and as promoter of the SO3 decomposition. Silicon carbide has been identified as the preferred construction material. Its stability is tested at high temperature and in a highly corrosive atmosphere. Another focus is catalyst materials for the reduction of SO3. Requirement specifications were set up as basis for design and sizing of the intended prototypes. Rigs for corrosion tests, catalyst tests and selectivity of separation membranes have been designed, built and completed. Prototypes of the mentioned components have been designed and tested.
 Keywords: sulphur; corrosion tests; catalyst tests; separation membranes; silicon carbide; thermochemical cycle; nuclear hydrogen; solar hydrogen production; nuclear energy; nuclear power; solar energy; solar power; heat exchangers.
 Citation: International Journal of Nuclear Hydrogen Production and Applications, Vol. 2, No. 3 (2011) pp. 202 - 226
 PubDate: 2011-01-28T23:20:50-05:00
 DOI: 10.1504/IJNHPA.2011.038344
 Issue No: Vol. 2, No. 3 (2011)
Membrane development for applications in hydrogen production using the sulphur-iodine thermochemical route
- Authors: Soumitra Kar, R.C. Bindal, S. Prabakar, P.K. Tewari, S. Ramanathan, Jeetendra Nuwad, C.G.S. Pillai
  Pages: 227 - 236
  Abstract: Careful optimisation of a safe and sustainable route for hydrogen production is a pressing need. Thermochemical processes employing water as raw material and nuclear/renewable energies as energy source are believed to be the best possible option in this direction, while alarming issues such as climate change and global warming are being taken into account. Amongst the well-identified cycles, the sulphur-iodine (S-I) thermochemical route assumes the highest thermal efficiency and the best one as regards its coupling to a high temperature nuclear reactor. Material development is the key issue to be addressed to realise successfully the potential of the S-I cycle. The most important area is development of gas-permeable membranes for enhancement of the equilibrium decomposition of HI, which is the most intricate step as far as the overall process efficiency is concerned. In order to overcome the low efficiency associated with the low equilibrium decomposition of HI, the authors intend to develop a hydrogen permselective membrane reactor. As a first step towards this development, a silica membrane of asymmetric nature was developed using sol-gel processing and dip coating, and characterised using scanning electron microscopy and a BET surface area analyser. A road map towards realising the successful emergence of the membrane reactor is discussed.
  Keywords: nuclear hydrogen production; thermochemical cycle; membrane reactors; sulphur; iodine; nuclear energy; nuclear power; gas-permeable membranes; silica membranes; sol-gel; dip coating.
  Citation: International Journal of Nuclear Hydrogen Production and Applications, Vol. 2, No. 3 (2011) pp. 227 - 236
  PubDate: 2011-01-28T23:20:50-05:00
  DOI: 10.1504/IJNHPA.2011.038345
  Issue No: Vol. 2, No. 3 (2011)
Safety assessment for the deficient operation data in the gas-cooled nuclear power plants for hydrogen production
- Authors: Tae-Ho Woo, Tae-Woo Kim
  Pages: 237 - 245
  Abstract: The probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) is investigated in the case of the operational data shortage which is characteristic of the passive system in gas-cooled nuclear power plants (NPPs). Therefore, it is difficult to make a quantification of the PSA. One of the solutions is to compare the passive system and the active system. Using this comparison, one can find the priority of the passive system reliability. For the modelling, the anticipated transient without scram (ATWS) in the very high temperature reactor (VHTR) and the pressurised water reactor (PWR) is used. Finally, this study decides the difference in the reliability between passive and active systems. The propagation is done by the dynamically modified algorithm (DMA), which highlights the information feedback. The result is analysed by the time changes.
  Keywords: very high temperature reactors; VHTR; passive reliability; anticipated transient without scram; ATWS; dynamically modified algorithms; DMA; feedback; probabilistic safety assessment; nuclear safety; deficient operation data; gas-cooled NPPs; nucl
  Citation: International Journal of Nuclear Hydrogen Production and Applications, Vol. 2, No. 3 (2011) pp. 237 - 245
  PubDate: 2011-01-28T23:20:50-05:00
  DOI: 10.1504/IJNHPA.2011.038346
  Issue No: Vol. 2, No. 3 (2011)

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