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ISSN (Print) 1098-4321 - ISSN (Online) 1557-2196
Published by Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology

[1 journal]

IEST and UGIM Working Together
- Abstract: IEST and UGIM Working Together
  Content Type Journal Article
  Category Tech Talk Articles
  Pages 1-2
  
  Authors
  John R. Weaver, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University IEST Fellow, Discovery Park
  Journal Journal of the IEST
  Online ISSN 1557-2196
  Print ISSN 1098-4321
  Journal Volume Volume 56
  Journal Issue Volume 56, Number 1 / March 2013
  PubDate: Tue, 05 Mar 2013 17:33:49 GMT
Facilities Planning for Safety and Emergency Response: Bridging the Gap between Design Features and Safety Planning
- Abstract: This article describes some of the safety considerations for the design and construction of micro/nano facilities and applicable building code provisions. The two key elements required for safe operation in micro and nanotechnology facilities are: (1) engineered features incorporated into building construction, and (2) administrative features that deal with how people work within the facility.
  Content Type Journal Article
  Category Tech Talk Articles
  Pages 17-28
  
  Authors
  Steve Schultz, HDR Architecture, Inc.
  Jack Paul, HDR Architecture, Inc.
  Journal Journal of the IEST
  Online ISSN 1557-2196
  Print ISSN 1098-4321
  Journal Volume Volume 56
  Journal Issue Volume 56, Number 1 / March 2013
  PubDate: Tue, 05 Mar 2013 17:33:49 GMT
Financial and Operational Survey of 12 Major University Nanofabrication Facilities: A Benchmarking Study
- Abstract: Efficiently running a major nanofabrication research user facility within the framework of a university is a daunting task. Operational costs, staffing, training, safety, and the diversity of the research, faculty, and users are but a few of the challenges facing the management team. This article reports on a subset of metrics used to characterize such user facilities, based on an extensive survey of 12 major university laboratories. Data relating to such factors as laboratory staffing, operating costs, subsidies, cost recovery, tuition, comparative tool rates, hours of use, and populations are summarized and reported on in the context of determining a reasonable measure of an efficient laboratory operation.
  Content Type Journal Article
  Category Tech Talk Articles
  Pages 29-37
  
  Authors
  Dennis Grimard, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan
  Lisa Jones, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan
  Journal Journal of the IEST
  Online ISSN 1557-2196
  Print ISSN 1098-4321
  Journal Volume Volume 56
  Journal Issue Volume 56, Number 1 / March 2013
  PubDate: Tue, 05 Mar 2013 17:33:49 GMT
Willis J. Whitfield: Father of the Modern Cleanroom
- Abstract: Willis J. Whitfield: Father of the Modern Cleanroom
  Content Type Journal Article
  Category Tech Talk Articles
  Pages 42-43
  Journal Journal of the IEST
  Online ISSN 1557-2196
  Print ISSN 1098-4321
  Journal Volume Volume 56
  Journal Issue Volume 56, Number 1 / March 2013
  PubDate: Tue, 05 Mar 2013 17:33:49 GMT
Retrospective: Historical Highlights of an Evolving Society
- Abstract: Retrospective: Historical Highlights of an Evolving Society
  Content Type Journal Article
  Category Tech Talk Articles
  Pages 38-41
  Journal Journal of the IEST
  Online ISSN 1557-2196
  Print ISSN 1098-4321
  Journal Volume Volume 56
  Journal Issue Volume 56, Number 1 / March 2013
  PubDate: Tue, 05 Mar 2013 17:33:49 GMT
Case Study: Design and Construction of the Draper Laboratory Microfabrication Center
- Abstract: For 25 years, Draper Laboratory has been active in the areas of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and multichip modules (MCM), using two separate laboratories. When these laboratories were constructed, cleanroom technology was in its mid-life cycle. To meet evolving R&D needs, the cleanroom facilities recently underwent a major renovation as described in this article.
  Content Type Journal Article
  Category Tech Talk Articles
  Pages 3-16
  
  Authors
  Richard H. Morrison, Draper Laboratory
  Livia M. Racz, Draper Laboratory
  David J. Carter, Draper Laboratory
  Journal Journal of the IEST
  Online ISSN 1557-2196
  Print ISSN 1098-4321
  Journal Volume Volume 56
  Journal Issue Volume 56, Number 1 / March 2013
  PubDate: Tue, 05 Mar 2013 17:33:49 GMT
Prediction Model for Particle Fallout in Cleanrooms
- Abstract: Particle fallout in cleanrooms is a primary concern for industries manufacturing super critical products with surfaces highly susceptible to particulate contamination. Limited research has been conducted to predict the contribution of particulate contamination by production activities in cleanrooms. This paper describes a prediction model that utilizes the relationship between airborne particulate contamination and particle fallout, and the relationship between particle fallout and spatial variations, to predict the level of particle fallout on product surfaces in the cleanroom. Experimental modeling and statistical process control techniques were employed in establishing the above relationships and validation was performed by comparing the predictions from the model with actual observations at production cleanrooms.
  Content Type Journal Article
  Category Peer-reviewed Technical Papers
  Pages 1-9
  
  Authors
  Dinesh Kumar Parasuraman, ASML
  Antonius Arnoldus Maria Kemps, ASML
  Hans P. M. Veeke, Delft University of Technology
  Gabriel Lodewijks, Delft University of Technology
  Journal Journal of the IEST
  
  Online ISSN 1098-4321
  Journal Volume Volume 55
  Journal Issue Volume 55, Number 1 / October 2012
  PubDate: Mon, 29 Oct 2012 15:32:21 GMT
Validation Techniques for 6-DOF Vibration Data Acquisition
- Abstract: Multiple Degree of Freedom (MDOF) excitation systems and MDOF vibration control systems continue to improve, and are now standard equipment in many dynamic test laboratories. Determination of an input specification for such MDOF systems is critically dependent on properly acquired field data. Validation of field data will be discussed and demonstrated employing the same transformation tools used in both transformation-based 6-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) vibration control and generalized MDOF vibration specification development (VSD).
  Content Type Journal Article
  Category Peer-reviewed Technical Papers
  Pages 10-24
  
  Authors
  Michael T. Hale, Dynamic Test Division, Redstone Test Center Army Test and Evaluation Command
  Jesse F. Porter, Dynamic Test Division, Redstone Test Center Army Test and Evaluation Command
  Journal Journal of the IEST
  
  Online ISSN 1098-4321
  Journal Volume Volume 55
  Journal Issue Volume 55, Number 1 / October 2012
  PubDate: Mon, 29 Oct 2012 15:32:21 GMT
Validation of Pyroshock Data
- Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive description of pyroshock, the interpretation of pyroshock data, and the validation of pyroshock data. Recent events in the pyroshock testing community show that corrupted pyroshock data are still being acquired at government agencies and private companies. A large part of this paper is devoted to acquisition and analysis of pyroshock data because proper time-history data acquisition and, consequently, test specification development are common industry problems. To avoid corrupted pyroshock data and thus corrupted pyroshock specifications, recommended practices for instrumentation and data acquisition systems as well as data analyses are provided. Causes of corrupted pyroshock data are explored and recommendations for avoiding corrupted pyroshock data are presented.
  Content Type Journal Article
  Category Peer-reviewed Technical Papers
  Pages 40-56
  
  Authors
  Vesta I. Bateman, Mechanical Shock Consulting Harry Himelblau
  Ronald Merritt, Jacobs Engineering - Naval Systems Group
  Journal Journal of the IEST
  
  Online ISSN 1098-4321
  Journal Volume Volume 55
  Journal Issue Volume 55, Number 1 / October 2012
  PubDate: Mon, 29 Oct 2012 15:32:21 GMT
Validation of Measured Dynamic Data Using Rigid Body Response
- Abstract: As multiple axis vibration testing has become more widespread, it has become increasingly important to ensure the instrumentation is accurately portrayed in the instrumentation table. However, errors do occur. The method used in this paper to help uncover these errors is based on the condition that at low frequencies (below any resonant frequencies of the object being studied) the response is essentially rigid body. The spectral density matrix (SDM) at a low frequency, of many more than six response measurements, is decomposed using singular value decomposition (SVD). Under the assumption of rigid body response, it is assumed that the first six singular vectors are linear combinations of the six rigid body modes. The best linear fit is then calculated for this fit. The measurements are then removed one at a time, and the reduction in the fit error is calculated. It is assumed that if the removal of a measurement reduces the error significantly, that measurement is likely in error.
  Content Type Journal Article
  Category Peer-reviewed Technical Papers
  Pages 25-39
  
  Authors
  David O. Smallwood, Albuquerque, New Mexico
  Journal Journal of the IEST
  
  Online ISSN 1098-4321
  Journal Volume Volume 55
  Journal Issue Volume 55, Number 1 / October 2012
  PubDate: Mon, 29 Oct 2012 15:32:21 GMT
Relationship between Strain and Velocity for Ground Vehicle Vibration
- Abstract: This paper uses experimental vibration data to evaluate the relationship between strain and velocity on a ground vehicle platform. The data also are used to compare the acceleration and the strain. Comparisons are made in the time, frequency, and damage domains. The results clearly show the strain data are more closely related to the vibratory velocity than to the acceleration, but the analysis is complicated somewhat by characteristics of the experimental data set.
  Content Type Journal Article
  Category Peer-reviewed Technical Papers
  Pages 57-67
  
  Authors
  George O. White, US Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity (AMSAA), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD
  Journal Journal of the IEST
  
  Online ISSN 1098-4321
  Journal Volume Volume 55
  Journal Issue Volume 55, Number 1 / October 2012
  PubDate: Mon, 29 Oct 2012 15:32:21 GMT
Do You Know that Your Accelerated Vibration Test Requirement Is Correct'
- Abstract: Vibration test time-compression methods have existed for decades and are well-documented. However, not all practitioners are aware of how these methods were developed and the proper utilization of the developed theory. While many sources have attempted to clarify the methodology, there is confusion on many points. The objective of this paper is to help new vibration test engineers understand accelerated testing theory and practice. The lab is a valuable training ground, but sometimes the subtleties are not communicated. A more complete understanding of the theory and practice of vibration test time-compression methods is needed when translating contract requirements into test procedures used in product development and validation.
  Content Type Journal Article
  Category Peer-reviewed Technical Papers
  Pages 68-79
  
  Authors
  Dustin S. Aldridge, Raytheon Missile Systems, Tucson, Arizona
  Journal Journal of the IEST
  
  Online ISSN 1098-4321
  Journal Volume Volume 55
  Journal Issue Volume 55, Number 1 / October 2012
  PubDate: Mon, 29 Oct 2012 15:32:21 GMT
A 6-DOF Vibration Specification Development Methodology
- Abstract: Multiple degree of freedom (MDOF) excitation systems and MDOF vibration control systems continue to improve, and are now standard equipment in many dynamic test laboratories. This paper concentrates on the often overlooked process of determination of an input specification for such MDOF systems. A pair of generalized six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) vibration specification development (VSD) techniques are proposed, discussed, and illustrated through an example.
  Content Type Journal Article
  Category Peer-reviewed Technical Papers
  Pages 103-115
  
  Authors
  Michael T. Hale, Dynamic Test Division, Redstone Test Center, U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command
  Journal Journal of the IEST
  
  Online ISSN 1098-4321
  Journal Volume Volume 54
  Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 2 / October 2011
  PubDate: Mon, 24 Oct 2011 18:32:35 GMT
Using a Modified Harmonic Wavelet Transform to Characterize Mechanical Shock
- Abstract: A modified harmonic wavelet transform is used to estimate a time varying spectral density. The resolution of the estimate has an approximate constant time-frequency product. The estimation error is directly related to this time-frequency product. Unwanted cross product terms are effectively minimized. Several examples are given: White random, two sine waves, chirps, impulses, sums of exponentially decaying sinusoids, and a pyroshock. It is also shown how realizations can be generated from the modified harmonic wavelet transform estimate of the time varying spectral density.
  Content Type Journal Article
  Category Peer-reviewed Technical Papers
  Pages 85-102
  
  Authors
  David O. Smallwood, Albuquerque, New Mexico
  Journal Journal of the IEST
  
  Online ISSN 1098-4321
  Journal Volume Volume 54
  Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 2 / October 2011
  PubDate: Mon, 24 Oct 2011 18:32:35 GMT
Consistency as the True Measure of Cleanroom Wiper Quality
- Abstract: Cleanroom wipers have long played an indispensable role in managing contamination in controlled environments. From wiping residues on hard surfaces to applying cleaning solutions, wipers perform a variety of tasks that help maintain the cleanliness levels desired in a given cleanroom environment. This makes the selection of cleanroom wipers a critical decision in any controlled environment. One common way to distinguish between cleanroom wipers of similar structural design is to compare test results across a variety of criteria, according to recommended practices by organizations such as the IEST. However, these results are typically listed as single data points for a given test and are meant to indicate either "typical values," or even target specifications, in some instances. This approach is inherently limited and ineffective in assessing the true levels of cleanliness of a given wiper product. In this study, we review the test methods that are used to evaluate cleanroom wipers and present a new and improved approach by which users can evaluate their cleanliness. We provide a framework by which the consistency of the cleanliness of cleanroom wipers can be assessed in a statistically relevant manner. Finally, we demonstrate the value of using consistency of test results rather than a singular test result as the true measure of wiper quality.
  Content Type Journal Article
  Category Peer-reviewed Technical Papers
  Pages 75-84
  
  Authors
  Sandeep Kalelkar, Texwipe
  Jay Postlewaite, Texwipe
  Journal Journal of the IEST
  
  Online ISSN 1098-4321
  Journal Volume Volume 54
  Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 2 / October 2011
  PubDate: Mon, 24 Oct 2011 18:32:35 GMT
Limitations of the Power Spectral Density as an Indicator of Test Severity
- Abstract: This paper presents a set of experimental data comparing repetitive shock (RS) vibration, single-axis electrodynamic (ED) vibration, and multi-axis ED vibration. It was found that multi-axis testing is more severe than single-axis testing at the same level. In addition, weaknesses were found in the RS system at low frequency. Smoothing of the data or poor line resolution was also shown to change the overall severity of a test. A poor correlation was shown between the power spectral density (PSD) and the rate of natural frequency change (RFC) over a wide frequency shift. The change in natural frequency caused the initial PSD to be an ineffective indicator of test severity. Quantification of the severity of the test profile can be accomplished through characterization of the RFC.
  Content Type Journal Article
  Category Peer-reviewed Technical Papers
  Pages 116-128
  
  Authors
  Mark Paulus, Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC) Keyport
  Journal Journal of the IEST
  
  Online ISSN 1098-4321
  Journal Volume Volume 54
  Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 2 / October 2011
  PubDate: Mon, 24 Oct 2011 18:32:35 GMT
Analytical Modeling of the Acoustic Field during a Direct Field Acoustic Test
- Abstract: The acoustic field generated during a Direct Field Acoustic Test (DFAT) has been analytically modeled in two space dimensions using a properly phased distribution of propagating plane waves. Both the pure-tone and broadband acoustic field were qualitatively and quantitatively compared to a diffuse acoustic field. The modeling indicates significant non-uniformity of sound pressure level for an empty (no test article) DFAT, specifically a center peak and concentric maxima/minima rings. This spatial variation is due to the equivalent phase among all propagating plane waves at each frequency. The excitation of a simply supported slender beam immersed within the acoustic fields was also analytically modeled. Results indicate that mid-span response is dependent upon location and orientation of the beam relative to the center of the DFAT acoustic field. For a diffuse acoustic field, due to its spatial uniformity, mid-span response sensitivity to location and orientation is nonexistent.
  Content Type Journal Article
  Category Technical Papers
  Pages 1-53
  
  Authors
  Jerry W. Rouse, Engineering Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185
  Mikhail Mesh, Engineering Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185
  Eric C. Stasiunas, Engineering Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185
  Journal Journal of the IEST
  
  Online ISSN 1098-4321
  Journal Volume Volume 54
  Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 2 / October 2011
  PubDate: Mon, 24 Oct 2011 18:32:35 GMT
Spatial Variability Caused by Acoustic Wave Interference in Single-Drive Direct Field Acoustic Testing
- Abstract: A significant amount of acoustic spatial variability is characteristic of direct field acoustic testing using a single random signal to drive the loudspeaker sources. This has raised concerns about the potential for under- and over-testing of hardware, particularly because of the consequential high sensitivity of the test environment upon the configuration of the test equipment and test hardware. Meanwhile, little is known about the specific spatial characteristics of the test acoustic field. A recent demonstration single-drive direct field acoustic test afforded the opportunity to map various planes of the acoustic field with a 36 microphone grid, offering unprecedented physical insight into the field characteristics. Analysis of the data reveals that the field is predominantly characterized by wave interference patterns at any given frequency. These data correlate well with 3-dimensional numerical models. The presence of wave interference patterns created by the fully correlated array of sources also explains the occurrence of frequency bands where the acoustic levels were significantly overdriven as a consequence of the control microphone locations coinciding with acoustic nodes associated with the corresponding drive frequencies. For comparison, the same mapping was performed in a conventional reverberant chamber test with the microphone grid, showing detailed contrast in spatial characteristics between the two test methods. This paper presents the highlights of this study and discusses ramifications for the use of this methodology.
  Content Type Journal Article
  Category Technical Papers
  Pages 54-74
  
  Authors
  Michael B. Van Dyke, The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, California
  Portia R. Peters, The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, California
  Journal Journal of the IEST
  
  Online ISSN 1098-4321
  Journal Volume Volume 54
  Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 2 / October 2011
  PubDate: Mon, 24 Oct 2011 18:32:35 GMT
Sampling Plan for Cleanroom Classification with Respect to Airborne Particles
- Abstract: The concentration of airborne particles is a critical parameter for cleanrooms, clean zones, and controlled areas. Particle concentration must be measured at representative locations for classification and monitored routinely or continuously at critical locations during operation. Both ISO 14644-1:19991 and the new Draft International Standard (DIS) edition provide nine classes of cleanliness and specify both the number of sample locations for classification and the acceptance criterion for the data.In the 1999 version of the Standard, the minimal number of sample locations is not based on statistical principles. The acceptance criterion is based on a statistical test, but only if the number of sample locations is less than 10. Thus, classification is based on statistical methods only for a small number of locations.The revised ISO/DIS 14644-12 replaces this method with a statistical principle for selection of the sample locations. The acceptance criterion in the revised version eliminates the need for applying a statistical test to the data, and thereby simplifies the classification process.The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss the new sampling plan for cleanroom classification and compare it with the previous approach in ISO 14644-1:1999. Section 2 of this paper presents and discusses the previous method, section 3 describes the new method in the ISO/DIS 14644-1 revision, and section 4 provides a discussion and conclusion. All of the authors are members of ISO Technical Committee (TC) 209, Working Group 1, the group of experts who developed the new ISO/DIS 14644-1. This paper was written on behalf of the entire Working Group.
  Content Type Journal Article
  Category Peer-reviewed Technical Papers
  Pages 1-15
  
  Authors
  Niels Væver Hartvig, Novo Nordisk A/S, Gentofte, Denmark
  Gordon J. Farquharson, Critical Systems Ltd., Guildford, UK
  Robert Mielke, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Illinois
  Mark Varney, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Illinois
  Mike Foster, Winchester, UK
  Journal Journal of the IEST
  
  Online ISSN 1098-4321
  Journal Volume Volume 54
  Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 1 / January 2011
  PubDate: Fri, 07 Jan 2011 17:32:10 GMT
The Clothes Truly Did Make This Man
- Abstract: The Clothes Truly Did Make This Man
  Content Type Journal Article
  Category Tech Talk Articles
  Pages 1-4
  
  Authors
  Heidi Parsons, IEST
  Journal Journal of the IEST
  Online ISSN 1557-2196
  Print ISSN 1098-4321
  Journal Volume Volume 53
  Journal Issue Volume 53, Number 2 / October 2010
  PubDate: Mon, 25 Oct 2010 20:46:08 GMT