Authors:B.S. Sunil Kumar; A.S. Manjunath; S. Christopher Pages: 1 - 9 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): B.S. Sunil Kumar, A.S. Manjunath, S. Christopher The High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) has better coding efficiency, but the encoding performance has to be improved to meet the growing multimedia applications. This paper improves the standard entropy encoding by introducing the optimized weighing parameters, so that higher rate of compression can be accomplished over the standard entropy encoding. The optimization is performed using the recently introduced firefly algorithm. The experimentation is carried out using eight benchmark video sequences and the PSNR for varying rate of data transmission is investigated. Comparative analysis based on the performance statistics is made with the standard entropy encoding. From the obtained results, it is clear that the originality of the decoded video sequence is preserved far better than the proposed method, though the compression rate is increased.
Authors:M. Malathi; S. Jayashri Pages: 11 - 21 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): M. Malathi, S. Jayashri The aim of this paper was to propose a novel routing protocol for Mobile Adhoc Network communication which reduces the route failure during transmission. The proposed routing protocol uses 3 salient parameters to discover the path which ensure the reliable communication. The quality of the channel, link quality and energy level of the node are the major reasons for unintentional node failure in mobile Adhoc network. So the proposed routing protocol considers these three parameters to select the best forwarder node in the path. The reliable data communication is achieved by transmitting data via path selected by the proposed routing scheme has been proven using network simulator (NS2).
Authors:S. Krishna Addepalli; J.M. Mallikarjuna Pages: 23 - 34 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): S. Krishna Addepalli, J.M. Mallikarjuna The present study focuses on the evaluation of the effect of engine parameters on the characteristics of a GDI engine by CFD analysis. The analysis was carried out at three engine speeds (2000, 3000, and 4000rev/min), at three compression ratios (10, 11, and 12) and at three fuel injection pressures (200, 300, and 400bar). The overall equivalence ratio of the in-cylinder mixture was maintained at 0.75 in all the above cases. Finally, it is observed that, the turbulent kinetic energy and tumble ratio were more sensitive to the engine speed than to other parameters. The fuel injection pressure was found to play a vital role in obtaining combustible mixture near the spark plug at the time of spark. In addition, a low heat release rate occurred at the engine speed of 4000rev/min compression ratio of 10 and fuel injection pressure of 200bar.
Authors:Raif Sakin Pages: 35 - 47 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Raif Sakin High-cycle fatigue (HCF) and low-cycle fatigue (LCF) fatigue lives of rolled AA1100 and AA1050 aluminum sheets along different directions were evaluated at room temperature. Four types of samples denoted as longitudinal (L) and transverse (T) to the rolling direction were compared because the samples along the two typical directions show an obvious anisotropy. A cantilever plane-bending and multi-type fatigue testing machine was specially designed for this purpose. Deflection-controlled fatigue tests were conducted under fully reversed loading. The longest fatigue lives in the LCF region were obtained for AA1050 (L) while AA1100 (L) samples had the longest fatigue lives in the HCF region.
Authors:M. Sheikholeslami; D.D. Ganji Pages: 49 - 60 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): M. Sheikholeslami, D.D. Ganji Ferrofluid convective heat transfer in a cavity with sinusoidal cold wall is examined under the influence of external magnetic source. The working fluid is Fe3O4-water nanofluid. Single phase model is used to estimate the behavior of nanofluid. Vorticity stream function formulation is utilized to eliminate pressure gradient source terms. New numerical method is chosen namely Control volume base finite element method. Influences of Rayleigh, Hartmann numbers, amplitude of the sinusoidal wall and volume fraction of Fe3O4 on hydrothermal characteristics are presented. Results indicate that temperature gradient enhances as space between cold and hot walls reduces at low buoyancy force. Lorentz forces cause the nanofluid velocity to reduce and augment the thermal boundary layer thickness. Nusselt number augments with rise of buoyancy forces but it decreases with augment of Lorentz forces.
Authors:Tanmoy Chakraborty; Kalidas Das; Prabir Kumar Kundu Pages: 61 - 71 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Tanmoy Chakraborty, Kalidas Das, Prabir Kumar Kundu The intention of this study is to examine the combined impacts of magnetic field and convective boundary state on bioconvection of a nanofluid flow along an expanding sheet co-existed with gyrotactic microorganisms. The fundamental partial differential equations are reduced to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations taking a guide of some appropriate similarity transformations. The numerical fallouts are calculated by considering the bvp4c function of Matlab. The impacts of magnetic field parameter, surface convection parameter, Eckert number and Peclet number on non-dimensional velocity, nanoparticle concentration, temperature and density of self-moving microorganisms are interpreted through graphs and charts. The fluid velocity near the surface and the Nusselt number is lessen with magnetic field. Surface convection parameter enhances the self-moving microorganism flux but a reverse result is noticed for Peclet number. Also, the contrast between the present results with formerly visited outcomes is in excellent harmony.
Authors:Hari R. Kataria; Harshad R. Patel Pages: 73 - 85 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Hari R. Kataria, Harshad R. Patel In this paper, effects of parabolic motion, heat generation/absorption and thermo-diffusion on unsteady free convective MHD flow of radiating and chemically reactive second grade fluid near an infinite vertical plate through porous medium have been considered. It is assumed that the bounding plate has a ramped temperature with ramped surface concentration and isothermal temperature with ramped surface concentration. For finding the exact solution, we applied Laplace transform technique on the governing nondimensionalized equations. Analytic expression of Skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number is derived and represented through tabular form. The effects of Magnetic parameter M, second grade fluid α , Heat generation/absorption H, thermal radiation parameter R, chemical reaction Kr and thermo-diffusion Sr on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are discussed through several figures. We found that velocity, temperature and concentration profiles in case of ramped temperature with ramped surface concentrations are less than those of isothermal temperature with ramped surface concentrations. It is also seen that Magnetic field M, second grade fluid α and chemical reaction Kr have retarding effects on velocity profile, whereas thermo-diffusion parameter Sr and thermal radiation parameter R have reverse effects on it.
Authors:A. Ayad; H. Awad; A. Yassin Pages: 87 - 96 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): A. Ayad, H. Awad, A. Yassin This paper presents the development of a GIS-based model for water pipeline network data integration and analysis named Integrated Water Distribution network design and Calibration Utility (IWDCU). IWDCU tackles two main applications in the field of Water Distribution Network (WDN). The first application (ELGTnet) addresses hydraulic analysis for both looped and branched networks. Also, based on Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs), EAnet is a computer-based technique for the optimal hydraulic design of WDN that satisfies both design demands and pressures at all network nodes with lowest possible cost. For the abovementioned two computer applications, mathematical modeling was combined with Geographic Information System (GIS) application for better data visualization and for best performance. The application of this integrated approach was subsequently further tested in Kostol Irrigational area to evaluate its applicability to real applications and its performances in finding best commercial design of network.
Authors:Eman Eltahan Pages: 97 - 105 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Eman Eltahan The tearing strength is more vital in heavy duty fabrics. So it is important to know the effects of the fabric structural parameters on the tearing resistance of these types of fabrics. In this work the effects of some fabric structural parameters were studied on the tearing properties of fabrics used in tents. The experimental work was divided into two parts; the first part was to study the effect of fabric design on the tearing strength. Six fabric designs of the same type of fiber were used. They were of different specific tightness. The second part was to produce fabrics which are used in tents with different specifications. Different sets of fabric specimens were prepared. These specimens were tested for tearing resistance, to study the effects of these structural parameters on the tearing resistance of the fabrics. The effects of the structural parameters on the tearing strength were deduced.
Authors:G. Swapna; Lokendra Kumar; Puneet Rana; Anchala Kumari; Bani Singh Pages: 107 - 120 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): G. Swapna, Lokendra Kumar, Puneet Rana, Anchala Kumari, Bani Singh In this paper, the steady, two-dimensional, heat and mass transfer of a mixed convection magneto-micropolar fluid flow over a non-permeable linearly stretching cylinder embedded in a porous medium in the presence of thermal radiation and first order chemical reaction with convective boundary condition is investigated. Using similarity transformations, the governing boundary layer equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations which are solved numerically using the finite element method. Graphical variations of the velocity, micro-rotation, temperature and concentration functions across the boundary layer are presented to depict the influence of the controlling parameters. Numerical data for the skin friction, couple stress, rate of heat and mass transfer have also been tabulated for various values of the thermophysical parameters. A comparison of the present results with earlier studies shows excellent agreement, thereby demonstrating the accuracy of the present numerical code. The study finds applications in chemical reaction engineering processes, magnetic materials processing, solar collector energy systems, etc.
Authors:R. Kandasamy; R. Dharmalingam; K.K. Sivagnana Prabhu Pages: 121 - 130 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): R. Kandasamy, R. Dharmalingam, K.K. Sivagnana Prabhu Nanoparticles have the highest credibility to develop the thermal properties compared to conventional particle fluid suspension. Thermal and solutal stratification on heat and mass transfer induced due to a nanofluid over a porous vertical plate is analyzed. The transport equations engaged in the study include the effect of Brownian motion and thermophoresis particle deposition. The nonlinear governing equations and their related boundary conditions are initially looked into dimensionless forms by similarity variables. The resulting equations are solved numerically utilizing the fourth-fifth order Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method with shooting technique (MAPLE 18). It is investigated that the temperature of the nanofluid and the concentration fraction decelerate with increase in thermal and solutal stratification.
Authors:Vaibhav Narawade; Uttam D. Kolekar Pages: 131 - 145 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Vaibhav Narawade, Uttam D. Kolekar Several sensor nodes in the wireless network collect the data rigorously which aids in many of the applications. The network with high and the consistent data load is the only requirement of the wireless sensor networks. Due to the limited sources of the network and the high data loads, networks may be affected by congestion. Congestion is a highly objectionable issue which leads to information loss and the deprived performance of the wireless sensor networks. In this paper, an adaptive cuckoo search based optimal rate adjustment (ACSRO) for the congestion avoidance and control is proposed. The rate adjustment regulates the share rate of the node to mitigate the congestion. The performance of the proposed rate optimization approach is evaluated using the evaluation metrics such as throughput, delay, normalized packet loss, normalized queue size, and congestion level. The results of the proposed rate optimization show that the congestion is compacted and the performance of the WSN is improved.
Authors:Ashfaq Ahmad; Iqra Javed; Waseem Nazar; M. Asim Mukhtar Pages: 147 - 157 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Ashfaq Ahmad, Iqra Javed, Waseem Nazar, M. Asim Mukhtar The aim of this work was to work out the mechanical stresses within transformer resulting from the extreme short-circuit currents. The forces and stresses set up in transformer windings as the result of exterior or interior short-circuits or of switching operations, are measured in detail. A variety of arrangements of windings in large power transformers are described. Points at which mostly high mechanical stresses take place in concentric windings are discussed in detail. Analytical and FEM calculations for individual short circuit forces, axial and radial have been discussed. The result was then compared with actual measurements on a prototype 20MVA 132/11.5kV power transformer [15]. Various failure mechanisms due to these forces have been discussed. Design parameters are also discussed, whose values determine the maximum stresses which may occur in any part of the transformer. Effects of irregularity in various parts and various properties of materials have been studied and the usage of appropriate material for withstanding the dynamic effects of SC is discussed. Effect of workmanship errors on short circuit withstand capability has also elucidated. Finally, a complete model is developed.
Authors:Anitha Karthikeyan; Karthikeyan Rajagopal; Dennis Mathew Pages: 159 - 167 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Anitha Karthikeyan, Karthikeyan Rajagopal, Dennis Mathew In this paper we derived the fractional order model of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) from its integer model. The PMSG was employing a shaft sensor for the speed sensing and control. But this sensor would increase the hardware complexity as well as the cost of the system. Hence we have developed a Fractional order Nonlinear adaptive control method for speed and current tracking of the PMSG. The objective of an adaptive controller is to first define a virtual control state and force it to become a stabilizing function in accordance with a corresponding error dynamics. In order to study the Lyapunov exponents of the fractional order controller, we proposed a new method which would remove the complexity of finding the sign of the Lyapunov first derivative. The Fractional order control scheme is implemented in LabVIEW for simulation results. The simulation results indicated that the estimated rotor position and speed correspond to their actual values well.
Authors:Sadegh Aberoumand; Amin Jafarimoghaddam Pages: 169 - 174 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Sadegh Aberoumand, Amin Jafarimoghaddam This investigation has been carried out to study on preparation, thermal conductivity and dielectric strength of Ag- WO3 hybrid nanofluid while the base fluid was transformer oil. The reasons of selecting silver and WO3 as nanoparticles have been completely discussed. Applied nanofluids have been prepared by a one-step method known as Electrical Explosion of Wire (E.E.W). Measuring zeta potential of utilized hybrid nanofluids in three different weight fractions of 1%, 2% and 4% has been experimentally carried out. Thermal conductivity of applied nanofluids in temperature range of 40–100°C has been measured by a KD2 pro thermal properties analyzer. The results showed that thermal conductivity of applied hybrid nanofluids increased by 41% in higher weight fraction and 100°C. Finally, it has been observed that electrical conductivity of hybrid nanofluids decreased to 35kV in 4% wt.
Authors:Brajesh Kumar Singh; Pramod Kumar Pages: 175 - 191 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Brajesh Kumar Singh, Pramod Kumar In this paper, a new approach “modified extended cubic B-Spline differential quadrature (mECDQ) method” has been developed for the numerical computation of two dimensional hyperbolic telegraph equation. The mECDQ method is a DQM based on modified extended cubic B-spline functions as new base functions. The mECDQ method reduces the hyperbolic telegraph equation into an amenable system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), in time. The resulting system of ODEs has been solved by adopting an optimal five stage fourth-order strong stability preserving Runge - Kutta (SSP-RK54) scheme. The stability of the method is also studied by computing the eigenvalues of the coefficient matrices. It is shown that the mECDQ method produces stable solution for the telegraph equation. The accuracy of the method is illustrated by computing the errors between analytical solutions and numerical solutions are measured in terms of L 2 and L ∞ and average error norms for each problem. A comparison of mECDQ solutions with the results of the other numerical methods has been carried out for various space sizes and time step sizes, which shows that the mECDQ solutions are converging very fast in comparison with the various existing schemes.
Authors:Sameer Suresh Nanivadekar; Uttam D. Kolekar Pages: 193 - 202 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Sameer Suresh Nanivadekar, Uttam D. Kolekar Allocation of channel resources in a cognitive radio system for achieving minimized transmission energy at an increased transmission rate is a challenging research. This paper proposes a resource allocation algorithm based on the meta-heuristic search principle. The proposed algorithm is an improved version of the Group Search Optimizer (GSO), which is a currently developed optimization algorithm that works through imitating the searching behaviour of the animals. The improvement is accomplished through introducing dynamics in the maximum pursuit angle of the GSO members. A cognitive radio system, relying on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for its operation, is simulated and the experimentations are carried out for sub-channel allocation. The proposed algorithm is experimentally compared with five renowned optimization algorithms, namely, conventional GSO, Particle Swarm Optimization, Genetic Algorithm, Firefly Algorithm and Artificial Bee Colony algorithm. The obtained results assert the competing performance of the proposed algorithm over the other algorithms.
Authors:S.C. Shiralashetti; M.H. Kantli; A.B. Deshi Pages: 203 - 209 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): S.C. Shiralashetti, M.H. Kantli, A.B. Deshi In this paper, we present a new wavelet multigrid method for the numerical solution of elliptic type differential equations based on Daubechies (db4) high pass and low pass filter coefficients with modified intergrid operators. The proposed method is the robust technique for faster convergence with less computational cost which is justified through the error analysis and condition number of a system in comparison with integrated-RBF technique based on Galerkin formulation (Mai-Duy and Tran-Cong, 2009) and finite difference method. Some of the illustrative problems are presented to demonstrate the attractiveness of the proposed technique.
Authors:Ali Thaeer Hammid; Mohd Herwan Bin Sulaiman; Ahmed N. Abdalla Pages: 211 - 221 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Ali Thaeer Hammid, Mohd Herwan Bin Sulaiman, Ahmed N. Abdalla In developing countries, the power production is properly less than the request of power or load, and sustaining a system stability of power production is a trouble quietly. Sometimes, there is a necessary development to the correct quantity of load demand to retain a system of power production steadily. Thus, Small Hydropower Plant (SHP) includes a Kaplan turbine was verified to explore its applicability. This paper concentrates on applying on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) by approaching of Feed-Forward, Back-Propagation to make performance predictions of the hydropower plant at the Himreen lake dam-Diyala in terms of net turbine head, flow rate of water and power production that data gathered during a research over a 10year period. The model studies the uncertainties of inputs and output operation and there's a designing to network structure and then trained by means of the entire of 3570 experimental and observed data. Furthermore, ANN offers an analyzing and diagnosing instrument effectively to model performance of the nonlinear plant. The study suggests that the ANN may predict the performance of the plant with a correlation coefficient (R) between the variables of predicted and observed output that would be higher than 0.96.
Authors:Danladi Ali; Michael Yohanna; Puwu Markus Ijasini; Musa Bulus Garkida Pages: 223 - 233 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Danladi Ali, Michael Yohanna, Puwu Markus Ijasini, Musa Bulus Garkida Long-term load forecasting provides vital information about future load and it helps the power industries to make decision regarding electrical energy generation and delivery. In this work, fuzzy – neuro model is developed to forecast a year ahead load in relation to weather parameter (temperature and humidity) in Mubi, Adamawa State. It is observed that: electrical load increased with increase in temperature and relative humidity does not show notable effect on electrical load. The accuracy of the prediction is obtained at 98.78% with the corresponding mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 1.22%. This confirms that fuzzy – neuro is a good tool for load forecasting.
Authors:A.Y. Hatata; El-H. Abd-Raboh; Bishoy E. Sedhom Pages: 235 - 245 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): A.Y. Hatata, El-H. Abd-Raboh, Bishoy E. Sedhom Sandia frequency shift (SFS) is one of the active anti-islanding detection methods that depend on frequency drift to detect an islanding condition for inverter-based distributed generation. The non-detection zone (NDZ) of the SFS method depends to a great extent on its parameters. Improper adjusting of these parameters may result in failure of the method. This paper presents a proposed artificial immune system (AIS)-based technique to obtain optimal parameters of SFS anti-islanding detection method. The immune system is highly distributed, highly adaptive, and self-organizing in nature, maintains a memory of past encounters, and has the ability to continually learn about new encounters. The proposed method generates less total harmonic distortion (THD) than the conventional SFS, which results in faster island detection and better non-detection zone. The performance of the proposed method is derived analytically and simulated using Matlab/Simulink. Two case studies are used to verify the proposed method. The first case includes a photovoltaic (PV) connected to grid and the second includes a wind turbine connected to grid. The deduced optimized parameter setting helps to achieve the “non-islanding inverter” as well as least potential adverse impact on power quality.
Authors:A. Neirameh; M. Eslami; S. Shokooh Pages: 247 - 253 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): A. Neirameh, M. Eslami, S. Shokooh In this article, new extension of the generalized and improved homogeneous balance method is proposed for constructing new structure of rich class of exact travelling wave solutions of nonlinear evolution equations by using the Maple package. To demonstrate the novelty and motivation of the proposed method, we implement it to the coupled nonlinear system of Schrodinger equations. It is shown that the method provides a powerful mathematical tool for solving nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics.
Authors:V. Subba Ramaiah; R. Rajeswara Rao Pages: 255 - 266 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): V. Subba Ramaiah, R. Rajeswara Rao In general, speaker diarization is defined as the process of segmenting the input speech signal and grouped the homogenous regions with regard to the speaker identity. The main idea behind this system is that it is able to discriminate the speaker signal by assigning the label of the each speaker signal. Due to rapid growth of broadcasting and meeting, the speaker diarization is burdensome to enhance the readability of the speech transcription. In order to solve this issue, Holoentropy with the eXtended Linear Prediction using autocorrelation Snapshot (HXLPS) and deep neural network (DNN) is proposed for the speaker diarization system. The HXLPS extraction method is newly developed by incorporating the Holoentropy with the XLPS. Once we attain the features, the speech and non-speech signals are detected by the Voice Activity Detection (VAD) method. Then, i-vector representation of every segmented signal is obtained using Universal Background Model (UBM) model. Consequently, DNN is utilized to assign the label for the speaker signal which is then clustered according to the speaker label. The performance is analysed using the evaluation metrics, such as tracking distance, false alarm rate and diarization error rate. The outcome of the proposed method ensures the better diarization performance by achieving the lower DER of 1.36% based on lambda value and DER of 2.23% depends on the frame length.
Authors:Satish Chander; P. Vijaya; Praveen Dhyani Pages: 267 - 276 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Satish Chander, P. Vijaya, Praveen Dhyani Clustering is the technique used to partition the homogenous data, where the data are grouped together. In order to improve the clustering accuracy, the adaptive dynamic directive operative fractional lion algorithm is proposed using multi kernel function. Also, we intend to develop a new mathematical function for fitness evaluation. We utilize multi kernels, such as Gaussian, tangential, rational quadratic and Inverse multiquadratic to design the new fitness function. Consequently, the WLI fuzzy clustering mechanism is employed in this paper to determine the distance measurement based on new fitness function, named Multi kernel WLI (MKWLI). Then, we design a novel algorithm with the aid of dynamic directive operative searching strategy and adaptive fractional lion algorithm, termed Adaptive Dynamic Directive Operative Fractional Lion (ADDOFL) algorithm. Initially in this proposed algorithm, the solutions are generated based on the fractional lion algorithm. It also exploits the new MKWLI fitness function to evaluate the optimal value. Finally, the updation of female lion is performed through dynamic directive operative searching algorithm. Thus, the proposed ADDOFL algorithm is used to find out the optimal cluster center iteratively. The simulation results are validated and performance is analyzed using metrics such as clustering accuracy, Jaccard coefficient and rand coefficient. The outcome of the proposed algorithm attains the clustering accuracy of 89.6% for both Iris and Wine databases which ensures the better clustering performance.
Authors:M. Prabavathi; R. Gnanadass Pages: 277 - 286 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): M. Prabavathi, R. Gnanadass A competitive open market environment has been created due to the restructuring in the electricity market. In the new competitive market, mostly a centrally operated pool with a power exchange has been introduced to meet the offers from the competing suppliers with the bids of the customers. In such an open access environment, the formation of bidding strategy is one of the most challenging and important tasks for electricity participants to maximize their profit. To build bidding strategies for power suppliers and consumers in the restructured electricity market, a new mathematical framework is proposed in this paper. It is assumed that each participant submits several blocks of real power quantities along with their bidding prices. The effectiveness of the proposed method is tested on Indian Utility-62 bus system and IEEE-118 bus system.
Authors:Md. Ashraful Alam; Waleed Mohammed; Suliman Bakkar; Salmia Beddu Pages: 287 - 299 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Md. Ashraful Alam, Waleed Mohammed, Suliman Bakkar, Salmia Beddu Flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) slab using externally bonded plate is found to be the most common and popular in retrofitting of deficient structure. However, premature failures due to plate end debonding of steel plate and shear could be the major drawbacks of the system to obtain the highest flexural capacities. The aim of this research was to propose a comprehensive strengthening technique to eliminate premature failures of flexurally strengthened RC slab. In the experimental programme, five full scale RC slabs including un-strengthened control slab and flexurally strengthened slabs using steel plates were fabricated and tested. The strengthened slabs were further strengthened with end anchor and embedded steel bar connector to eliminate premature end peeling and shear failure respectively. Theoretical and numerical models were also provided to design and to analyse the structural behaviour of steel plate strengthened slabs. Results showed that end anchor and embedded connectors prevented premature end peeling and shear failure of flexurally strengthened RC slabs completely and allowed the slab to fail by flexure with the maximum strength and ductility, whereas, their corresponding strengthened slabs without end anchor and embedded connector failed with premature plate end debonding and shear respectively. Both premature failures were found to be brittle in nature. The proposed theoretical model predicted the capacities of strengthened slabs satisfactorily. The results based on the numerical analysis were found to be comparable with the experimental findings.
Authors:Gholamreza Abdollahzadeh; Hadi Faghihmaleki; Hedieh Esmaili Pages: 301 - 308 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Gholamreza Abdollahzadeh, Hadi Faghihmaleki, Hedieh Esmaili Different researches have shown that during destructive earthquakes, most structures enter non-reactionary range. Hysteretic Energy, which is wasted after the yield within its hysteresis rings, is very influential on generating structural damage of the system, being the most important component in the equation of the energy, inflicted on the structures. Therefore, controlling this amount of energy leads to controlling the structure behavior. The amount of Hysteretic Energy in a structure could be an index of its damage level or its malleability. The current paper carries out a nonlinear dynamic analysis on steel buildings with a V-shaped (Chevron) brace, hence surveying Hysteretic Energy distribution as well as maximum inter-story drift in the stories of these buildings, under the influence of equalized near and far fault records. Results show that the inter-story drift need for equalized near fault records is more than the far fault ones. Also the results show Hysteretic Energy caused by near fault records that are more than the far fault ones. What is more, as the building height rises, the share of building’s higher stories from the Hysteretic Energy increases.
Authors:J. Daniel Ronald Joseph; J. Prabakar; P. Alagusundaramoorthy Pages: 309 - 320 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): J. Daniel Ronald Joseph, J. Prabakar, P. Alagusundaramoorthy Precast concrete sandwich panels having two wythes separated by a core may serve dual purposes of transferring load and insulating. Research studies with respect to flexural behavior of these panels under four-point bending are available in the literature. Nevertheless, experimental and analytical studies with respect to flexural behavior of concrete sandwich panels under punching load are not found. In this paper experimental and analytical studies carried out to understand and compare flexural behavior of concrete sandwich panels under two different loading conditions such as punching and four-point bending are presented and discussed. Experimental study indicates that, type of loading conditions affects the flexural behavior of the concrete sandwich panels significantly. The panel subjected to punching load failed in flexural mode, and its behavior is similar to conventional RC slab. Under four-point bending the panel failure is attributed to failure of concrete by combined effect of shear and flexural stresses. For both types of loading conditions, analytically predicted cracking moment is comparable to the experimental cracking moment. Further experimental and analytical studies are required in this area to develop design guidelines for practical applications of these types of panels under different loading conditions.
Authors:Purva Mujumdar; J. Uma Maheswari Pages: 321 - 329 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Purva Mujumdar, J. Uma Maheswari Design phase of any construction project involves several designers who exchange information with each other most often in an unstructured manner throughout the design phase. When these information exchanges happen to occur in cycles/loops, it is termed as design iteration. Iteration is an inherent and unavoidable aspect of any design phase which requires proper planning. Till date, very few researchers have explored the design iteration (“complexity”) in construction sector. Hence, the objective of this paper was to document and review the complexities of iteration during design phase of construction projects for efficient design planning. To achieve this objective, exhaustive literature review on design iteration was done for four sectors – construction, manufacturing, aerospace, and software development. In addition, semi-structured interviews and discussions were done with a few design experts to verify the different dimensions of iteration. Finally, a design iteration framework was presented in this study that facilitates successful planning.
Authors:M.A. Dulebenets Pages: 331 - 342 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): M.A. Dulebenets Increasing volumes of the international seaborne trade and new regulations on vessel emissions require liner shipping companies to enhance efficiency of their operations to remain competitive and in the meantime comply with the established restrictions on emissions that are produced by vessels. This paper presents a novel mixed integer nonlinear mathematical programming model for the green vessel scheduling problem with transit time requirements in a liner shipping route with “Emission Control Areas”, which not only enforces constraints on the quantity of emissions that are produced by vessels within “Emission Control Areas”, but also captures the cargo transit time requirements. The model’s objective aims to minimize the overall route service cost. A number of linearization techniques are proposed for linearizing the original nonlinear problem. The dynamic secant approximation procedure is used to solve the linearized problem. A set of numerical experiments are performed to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed solution approach and assess the effect of introducing both emission constraints and cargo transit time requirements on design of vessel schedules.
Authors:Shahrokh Hosseini Hashemi; Hossein Bakhshi Khaniki Pages: 343 - 356 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Shahrokh Hosseini Hashemi, Hossein Bakhshi Khaniki In this article, nonlocal continuum based model of multiple nanobeam system (MNBS) under a moving nanoparticle is investigated using Eringen’s nonlocal theory. Beam layers are assumed to be coupled by winkler elastic medium and the nonlocal Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is used to model each layer of beam. The Hamilton’s principle, Eigen function technique and the Laplace transform method are employed to solve the governing equations. Analytical solutions of the transverse displacements for MNBs with simply supported boundary condition are presented for double layered and three layered MNBSs. For higher number of layers, the governing set of equations is solved numerically and the results are presented. This study shows that small-scale parameter has a significant effect on dynamic response of MNBS under a moving nanoparticle. Sensitivity of dynamical deflection to variation of nonlocal parameter, stiffness of Winkler elastic medium and number of nanobeams are presented in nondimensional form for each layer.
Authors:Sarfaraz Hashemkhani Zolfani; Morteza Pourhossein; Morteza Yazdani; Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas Pages: 357 - 365 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Sarfaraz Hashemkhani Zolfani, Morteza Pourhossein, Morteza Yazdani, Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas Environmental issues have got incredible attention among daily life activities. Sustainability penetrated in all society practices specially construction industry due to its substantial impact on the environment. Monitoring and controlling architectural project contains a decision problem with multi-varieties analysis. This study aimed to evaluate construction projects of hotels regarding environmental sustainability. To this end, a hybrid Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) model is proposed. Step‐wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) and Complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) compose a unified framework. A private construction project is supposed as a case study. The project is based on establishing a five star hotel in Tehran, Iran. In this research SWARA produces criteria weights and COPRAS will rank decision alternatives. This study can be a strategic route for other similar researches in other fields.
Authors:Raed Alzghool; Loai M. Al-Zubi Pages: 367 - 373 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Raed Alzghool, Loai M. Al-Zubi In this paper, we conduct semi-parametric estimation for autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) model with Quasi likelihood (QL) and Asymptotic Quasi-likelihood (AQL) estimation methods. The QL approach relaxes the distributional assumptions of ARCH processes. The AQL technique is obtained from the QL method when the process conditional variance is unknown. We present an application of the methods to a daily exchange rate series.
Authors:Ruchi Gupta; Anil Kumar Misra Pages: 375 - 381 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Ruchi Gupta, Anil Kumar Misra Several types of health problems in Jhajjar district of Haryana state are prevailing owing to groundwater quality problems such as high concentration of fluoride, chloride, salinity, TDS, etc. The objective of this work was to assess the overall groundwater quality of the district based on Water Quality Index (WQI), and find out the factors leading to continuous deterioration in groundwater quality. The study demonstrates that groundwater quality of Jhajjar district is totally unsuitable for drinking purposes and is directly or indirectly influenced by geogenic factors. About 60–70% of the samples analysed show high fluoride content. Other parameters such as hardness, electrical conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and Chloride are also above the permissible limits. Hydrogeologically the study area belongs to Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains, which are dominated by clay-silt, clay and grey micaceous sand formations. Clay rich formations are rich in fluorine and other salts and their weathering is most probably causing the continuous escalation in the fluoride and salinity concentration in groundwater. Several in-situ and ex-situ measures have been suggested for remediation and to prevent further escalation of water quality problems that are needed imperatively for the sustainable development of water resources.
Authors:B. Prbakaran; Dinoop Viswanathan Pages: 383 - 389 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): B. Prbakaran, Dinoop Viswanathan The study presents the experimental evaluations of performance, combustion and emission characteristics of blends containing non-edible cotton seed oil methyl ester and anhydrous ethanol in a diesel engine at various loads. Blends are made from bio-diesel from cotton seed oil by transesterification and anhydrous ethanol (200 proof) in various proportions ranging from 10% to 50%. The results of the investigation are compared with diesel as base fuel. It is observed from the results that the brake thermal efficiency of the blends is similar to that of diesel. There is a decrease of emissions of oxides of nitrogen and smoke, there is a decrease of emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon at higher loads and increase at lower loads. Also there is increase of maximum heat release rate and maximum pressure for the blends at higher loads. However, there is a decrease of maximum heat release rate and maximum pressure at lower load. This study gives a direction of renewable fuel blends to replace diesel for fueling diesel engine thereby reducing the dependency of fossil fuels.
Authors:J.C. Misra; B. Mallick; A. Sinha Pages: 391 - 406 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): J.C. Misra, B. Mallick, A. Sinha Of concern in the paper is a study on the peristaltic transport of a magnetohydrodynamic fluid at low Reynolds number in an asymmetric channel. The study is motivated by the phenomenon of peristalsis that is prominent in the flow of some physiological fluids in the human body. The viscosity of the fluid is considered dependent on temperature. The associated problems of heat and mass transfer during the flow of the fluid are also taken into account. The study has been carried out for long wavelength of the peristaltic motion. By using perturbation technique, series solutions have been obtained for stream function, velocity, pressure gradient, shear stress and pressure rise per wavelength. Pumping characteristics and the phenomenon of trapping are also adequately discussed. In order to illustrate the validity of the theoretical study, numerical results have been computed for a specific situation by using MATHEMATICA software. The study reveals that the volume of the trapped bolus diminishes with increase in Hartmann number, Reynolds number, fluid viscosity and Schmidt number but decreases with increasing phase difference. It is seen that the results of the study conform very well to those of previous studies reported in available scientific literatures.
Authors:Safia Akram; Kh.S. Mekheimer; Y. Abd Elmaboud Pages: 407 - 414 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Safia Akram, Kh.S. Mekheimer, Y. Abd Elmaboud This paper looks at the influence of lateral walls on peristaltic transport of a particle fluid suspension model applied in a non-uniform rectangular duct with slip boundaries. The peristaltic waves propagate on the horizontal sidewalls of a rectangular duct. The flow analysis has been developed for low Reynolds number and long wavelength approximation. Exact solutions have been established for the axial velocity and stream function. The effects of aspect the ratio β (ratio of height to width) and the volume fraction density of the particles C on the pumping characteristics are discussed in detail. The expressions for the pressure rise and friction forces on the wall of a rectangular duct were computed numerically and were plotted with variation of the flow rate for different values of the parameters. It is observed that in the peristaltic pumping ( Δ p > 0 , Q > 0 ) and retrograde pumping ( Δ p > 0 , Q < 0 ) regions the pumping rate increases with an increase in M, while in the copumping region ( Δ p < 0 , Q > 0 ) the behavior is quite opposite. Furthermore it is also observed that the pressure rise increases in the upper half of the channel and decreases in the lower half of the channel with the increase in l slip parameter.
Authors:Kalidas Das; Md Tausif Sk; Prabir Kumar Kundu Pages: 415 - 425 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Kalidas Das, Md Tausif Sk, Prabir Kumar Kundu The temperament of stream characteristic, heat and mass transfer of MHD forced convective flow over a linearly expanding porous medium has been scrutinized in the progress exploration. The germane possessions of the liquid like viscosity along with thermal conductivity are believed to be variable in nature, directly influenced by the temperature of flow. As soon as gaining the system of leading equations of the stream, Lie symmetric group transformations have been employed to come across the fitting parallel conversions to alter the central PDEs into a suit of ODEs. The renovated system of ODE with appropriate boundary conditions is numerically solved with the assistance of illustrative software MAPLE 17. The consequences of the relevant factors of the system have been exemplified through charts and graphs. An analogous qualified survey has been prepared among present inquiry and subsisting reads and achieved an admirable accord between them. The variable viscosity parameter has more significant effect on nanofluid velocity than regular fluid and temporal profile as well as nanoparticle concentration is also influenced with variable viscosity.
Authors:Kusno Isnugroho; David C. Birawidha Pages: 427 - 433 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Kusno Isnugroho, David C. Birawidha A production of pig iron has been conducted from crushing plant waste. The process of preparing pig iron was using hot blast cupola (HBC) furnace which was injected with charcoal powder to improve temperature process and reduction zone in the furnace. The process was started by washing process and magnetic separation of raw material as an effort to improve iron content degree from crushing plant waste. The next process was preparing the composite pellet with the particle size of −80+100 mesh and with the composition of 80% iron ore, 15% wood charcoal, and 5% bentonite. The result of pellet size was 2.5–4.0mm. The experiment was continued to reduce pellet composite in the HBC furnace. The pig iron produced from this process contained of 93.62%Fe, 3.5%C, 1.55%Si, 0.87%Mn, 0.05%P, and 0.087%S.With this result, the pig iron produced already fulfill the metallurgical specification to be used in smelting industry.
Authors:K. Anantha Kumar; J.V. Ramana Reddy; V. Sugunamma; N. Sandeep Pages: 435 - 443 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): K. Anantha Kumar, J.V. Ramana Reddy, V. Sugunamma, N. Sandeep In the present article, the problem of boundary layer flow of MHD electrically conducting fluid past a cone and a wedge with non-uniform heat source/sink along with Cattaneo-Christov heat flux is investigated numerically. At first, the flow equations are converted into ODE via appropriate self similarity transforms and the resulting equations are solved with the assistance of R.-K. and Newton’s methods. The influence of several dimensionless parameters on velocity and temperature fields in addition to the friction factor and reduced heat transfer coefficient has been examined with the support of graphs and numerical values. The heat transfer phenomenon in the flow caused by the cone is excessive when compared to the wedge flow. Also, the thermal and momentum boundary layers are not the same for the flow over a cone and wedge.
Authors:Palle Kiran; B.S. Bhadauria; Y. Narasimhulu Pages: 445 - 453 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Palle Kiran, B.S. Bhadauria, Y. Narasimhulu In this paper we investigate an oscillatory mode of nonlinear magneto-convection under time dependant magnetic field. The time dependant magnetic field consists steady and oscillatory parts. The oscillatory part of the imposed magnetic field is assumed to be of third order. An externally imposed vertical magnetic field in an electrically conducting horizontal fluid layer is considered. The finite amplitude analysis is discussed while perturbing the system. The complex Ginzburg-Landau model is used to derive an amplitude of oscillatory convection for weakly nonlinear mode. Heat transfer is quantified in terms of the Nusselt number, which is governed by the Landau equation. The variation of the modulation excitation of the magnetic field alternates heat transfer in the layer. The modulation excitation of the magnetic field is used either to enhance or diminish the heat transfer in the system. Further, it is found that, oscillatory mode of convection enhances the heat transfer and than stationary convection. The results have possible technological applications in magnetic fluid based systems involving energy transmission.
Authors:Evgueniy Entchev; Libing Yang; Mohamed Ghorab; Antonio Rosato; Sergio Sibilio Pages: 455 - 473 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Evgueniy Entchev, Libing Yang, Mohamed Ghorab, Antonio Rosato, Sergio Sibilio The use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in various applications has grown significantly over the years. This paper compares an ANN based approach with a conventional on-off control applied to the operation of a ground source heat pump/photovoltaic thermal system serving a single house located in Ottawa (Canada) for heating and cooling purposes. The hybrid renewable microgeneration system was investigated using the dynamic simulation software TRNSYS. A controller for predicting the future room temperature was developed in the MATLAB environment and six ANN control logics were analyzed. The comparison was performed in terms of ability to maintain the desired indoor comfort levels, primary energy consumption, operating costs and carbon dioxide equivalent emissions during a week of the heating period and a week of the cooling period. The results showed that the ANN approach is potentially able to alleviate the intensity of thermal discomfort associated with overheating/overcooling phenomena, but it could cause an increase in unmet comfort hours. The analysis also highlighted that the ANNs based strategies could reduce the primary energy consumption (up to around 36%), the operating costs (up to around 81%) as well as the carbon dioxide equivalent emissions (up to around 36%).
Authors:Adesola Adegbola; I.E.A. Aghachi; Oluranti Sadiku-Agboola Pages: 475 - 481 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Adesola Adegbola, I.E.A. Aghachi, Oluranti Sadiku-Agboola Recycling is one of the key ways of improving polymer properties and viable applications. Polymer blends are generating desired properties and the strength of recycled polymer improves depending on the ratio of the compositional blend. Microscopic characterization of the properties of recycled polyacrylonitrile fibre with polyethylene terephthalate using SEM and AFM was investigated in this work. The results revealed that blended compositions of rPAN/PET (50/50; 70/30) are viable to explore while rPAN/PET (30/70) blend resulted in poor adhesion between the matrix and phase. Therefore, high percentage composition of rPAN in the blended samples positively improves the processing properties of PET.
Authors:Cleophas A. Loto Pages: 483 - 490 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Cleophas A. Loto Electrochemical noise measured during the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of alpha brass conducted in Mattsson’s solution of pH 7.2 was investigated under free corrosion potential and at ambient temperature of 25°C. The Burg’s maximum entropy method was used to analyse the obtained readings. The electrochemical noise was observed as the spontaneous potential fluctuations. All the analysed result parameters of different standard deviations (spectrum, potential, magnitude), the mean potentials, total magnitude and the coefficient of variations (magnitude), appeared to give the clearest indication of the results and they bear close correlations with the already previously determined spectral density curves. Cracking of the specimen was indicated by the highest standard deviation peaks and the mean potential values. Scanning electron micrographs were made from the specimens’ surface examinations. The observed corrosion behaviours as obtained from the results are related to the existing known SCC mechanism.
Authors:Salah M. Ali; K.H. Hui; L.M. Hee; M. Salman Leong Pages: 491 - 498 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Salah M. Ali, K.H. Hui, L.M. Hee, M. Salman Leong Reciprocating compressors are one of the most used types of compressors with wide applications in industry. The most common failure in reciprocating compressors is always related to the valves. Therefore, a reliable condition monitoring method is required to avoid the unplanned shutdown in this category of machines. Acoustic emission (AE) technique is one of the effective recent methods in the field of valve condition monitoring. However, a major challenge is related to the analysis of AE signal which perhaps only depends on the experience and knowledge of technicians. This paper proposes automated fault detection method using support vector machine (SVM) and AE parameters in an attempt to reduce human intervention in the process. Experiments were conducted on a single stage reciprocating air compressor by combining healthy and faulty valve conditions to acquire the AE signals. Valve functioning was identified through AE waveform analysis. SVM faults detection model was subsequently devised and validated based on training and testing samples respectively. The results demonstrated automatic valve fault detection model with accuracy exceeding 98%. It is believed that valve faults can be detected efficiently without human intervention by employing the proposed model for a single stage reciprocating compressor.
Authors:Harish Sivasubramanian Pages: 499 - 507 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Harish Sivasubramanian The major issue faced today is the atmospheric pollution by the gases released by vehicles. 2-Methyl Furan (MF) is one such promising alternative that has potential to serve the purpose. The main objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of adding MF in a four-stroke MPFI SI engine in terms of its performance, emission and combustion characteristics. Unleaded gasoline (UG) along with 3 concentrations of MF (M10, M20 and M30) blended with UG were used as test fuels. The tests were conducted at a constant load of 20Nm with the speed ranging from 1400 to 2800rpm with an increment of 200rpm. When the blend percentage increased there was a decrease in CO and HC emissions with an increase in the BTE and NOx emissions. The curve for the pressure and the maximum rate of heat release shifted towards left reducing the ignition delay with the addition of blends. When the ignition timing was retarded slightly by 2°Crank Angle (CA) to counter the NOx, the BTE and NOx emissions were comparatively lesser as expected. On the other hand, CO and HC emissions showed a gradual rise and maximum value of peak pressure and heat release occurred little later.
Authors:M. Vijay Kumar; A. Veeresh Babu; P. Ravi Kumar Pages: 509 - 516 Abstract: Publication date: March 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): M. Vijay Kumar, A. Veeresh Babu, P. Ravi Kumar Growing demand of fuel in daily life and its risk cause serious problem for this globe. Serious attention is required to see this problem. In this review article there is a comparative study to find out the effects of additives for biodiesel fuel and efforts to recover the combustion and performance and to diminish the emissions. By using biodiesel, there are most disadvantages such as higher density, lesser heating value, high fuel consumption and high oxides of nitrogen. To avoid above disadvantages, the fuel additives help in playing a very important role in minimizing the drawbacks of biodiesel and in maintaining international fuel standards. Additives can be considered toward to improve combustion, fuel economy and to decrease the emissions. Many different types of additives are applied in biodiesel to meet the specification standards and to recover the quality of biodiesel. The metal based additives, cetane number additives, antioxidant additives and oxygenated additives help in improving the quality of the biodiesel. From this literature review, the effects of additive on biodiesel are explained. The reviews conclude that the uses of additive to the 2nd generation of biodiesel are the best in improving the combustion performance and emission reduction.
Authors:Ahmed Ali El Adoly; Mohamed Gheith; M. Nashat Fors Abstract: Publication date: Available online 12 February 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal Author(s): Ahmed Ali El Adoly, Mohamed Gheith, M. Nashat Fors Nurse Scheduling Problem (NSP) is the assignment of a number of nurses to a number of shifts in order to satisfy hospital’s demand. The objectives of NSP are the minimization of the overall hospital cost, and the maximization of nurses’ preferences while taking into consideration the governmental rules and hospital standards. In this article, a proposed mathematical model for the NSP is presented, which is based on the idea of multi-commodity network flow model. The proposed model was verified using hypothetical instances as well as benchmark instances, then, it is applied to a real case study in an Egyptian hospital. The results demonstrate the advantage of using the proposed model in generating schedule required to solve the problem. Furthermore, it proves the superiority of the obtained schedule to those generated manually by the supervisor head nurse as it improves the level of nurses’ satisfaction by creating fair schedule system take care about nurses’ preferences as well as decreases the overall overtime cost by 36%.
Authors:Ramesh Babu Vallabhaneni; V. Rajesh Abstract: Publication date: Available online 1 February 2018 Source:Alexandria Engineering Journal Author(s): Ramesh Babu Vallabhaneni, V. Rajesh The paper presents an automatic brain tumour detection technique in noise corrupted images. The Denoising of the image is implemented using Edge Adaptive Total Variation Denoising Technique (EATVD). The technique is used to preserve the edges in the process of Denoising image. Once the noise is removed from the image, the image is segmented using mean shift clustering. The segmented parts are sent to gray level co-occurrence matrix for feature extraction. The features are used by multi class SVM to detect the tumour in the images. The step followed extracts the tumour with increased precision in noisy images.
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