Authors:Kai Sing Sun; Tai Pong Lam, Kwok Fai Lam, Tak Lam Lo Abstract: IntroductionThis study investigated the barriers and facilitators for psychiatrists in managing mental health patients under a Chinese context and a mixed private-public health system.MethodsTwo focus group interviews were conducted to explore the in-depth opinions of psychiatrists in Hong Kong. The themes identified from the focus groups were investigated in a questionnaire survey with data from 83 psychiatrists working in public and private sectors.ResultsNo insurance coverage of mental health problems, patients' poor compliance of medication, and stigma of seeing psychiatrists were rated as the top barriers in the survey. Some psychiatrists mentioned in focus groups that they might write down the associated physical symptoms of the patients rather than the mental disorder diagnoses on the medical certificate. They observed some patients suspecting that psychiatric drugs were prescribed to control their behavior and make them more muddleheaded. The survey also found that consultation time constraint, long patient waiting list, and difficulty in discharging patients to primary care mostly affected public psychiatrists rather than private ones. However, they perceived similar facilitators, including public campaign to promote positive results of help-seeking, adequate explanation by other health professionals to the patients before referrals, handling severe cases by casework approach, and having a regular primary care physician.DiscussionThe top barriers are related to insufficient public awareness and negative attitudes towards mental illness and its treatment. Major solutions include promoting positive results of help seeking, enhancing collaboration with primary care physicians, and follow-up of severe cases by a casework approach. PubDate: 2017-03-28T08:55:22.672254-05: DOI: 10.1111/appy.12279
Authors:Kok-Yoon Chee; Kheng-Yee Ong, Chin-Yeat Mak, Sapini Yacob, Shen-Cheng Yeo, Nathisha Thrichelam, Deepa Darshini Amarnath, Kai-Shin Thong, Chee-Hoong Moey, Thanam Ponusamy, Shanthi Viswanathan, Santhi Puvanarajah Abstract: IntroductionThe objective of this study was to establish the psychometric properties of the AD8 Dementia Screening Interview in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) with or without cognitive impairment using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Tool (MoCA) for comparison.MethodsThe AD8 was translated into Malay for Malay-speaking participants. A correlation analysis and a receiver operator characteristic curve were generated to establish the psychometric properties of the AD8 in relation to the MoCA.ResultsOne hundred fifty patients and their caretakers completed the AD8 and MoCA. Using a cutoff score of 1/8, the AD8 had 81% sensitivity and 59% specificity for the detection of cognitive impairment in PD. With a cutoff score of 2/8, the AD8 had 83% specificity and 64% sensitivity. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 80%, indicating good-to-excellent discriminative ability.DiscussionThese findings suggest that the AD8 can reliably differentiate between cognitively impaired and cognitively normal patients with PD and is a useful caregiver screening tool for PD. PubDate: 2017-03-21T22:01:39.900171-05: DOI: 10.1111/appy.12278
Authors:Yu-Tao Xiang; Takahiro A. Kato, Taishiro Kishimoto, Gabor S. Ungvari, Helen F.K. Chiu, Tian-Mei Si, Shu-Yu Yang, Senta Fujii, Chee H. Ng, Naotaka Shinfuku Abstract: IntroductionTo date no study has compared the treatment patterns for schizophrenia specifically between China and Japan. This study examined the cross-national differences in the use of psychotropic drugs and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in schizophrenia.MethodData on 3248 schizophrenia inpatients (n = 1524 in China and n = 1724 in Japan) were collected by either chart review or interviews during the designated 3 study periods between 2001 and 2009. Patients' socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, prescriptions of psychotropic drugs, and ECT use were recorded using a standardized protocol and data collection procedure.ResultsMultivariate analyses revealed that compared to their Japanese counterparts, Chinese inpatients had a shorter length of current hospitalization, were significantly less frequently prescribed second-generation antipsychotics (except clozapine), antipsychotic polypharmacy, benzodiazepines, and mood stabilizers, and more likely to receive clozapine, antidepressants, and ECT.DiscussionSubstantial variations in inpatient treatment patterns for schizophrenia were found between China and Japan. The common use of ECT and clozapine in Chinese inpatients and the frequent use of antipsychotic polypharmacy and high antipsychotic doses in Japanese inpatients need to be addressed. PubDate: 2017-02-20T22:30:26.664466-05: DOI: 10.1111/appy.12277
Authors:Hyun Soo Kim; Byeong Moo Choe, Jae Hong Park, Seong Hwan Kim Abstract: IntroductionThe aim of this study is to assess the correlation between early menarche and risk-taking behavior in a representative sample of Korean adolescent students.MethodsData were drawn from a cross-sectional, nationally representative sample of 33 829 female adolescents (grades 7-12) from the 2014 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to test the association between early menarche and risk-taking behavior.ResultsFemale adolescents who experienced menarche at an earlier age tended to have an earlier initiation of sexual intercourse (odds ratio [OR] 4.61, 95% CI, 3.05-6.98, P = .001), smoking (OR 4.29, 95% CI, 3.75-4.9, P PubDate: 2017-01-27T04:23:14.039652-05: DOI: 10.1111/appy.12273
Authors:Gyeong-Suk Jeon; Kyungwon Choi, Sung-il Cho Abstract: IntroductionThis study examined gender differences in suicide attempts and their association with exposure and vulnerability to psychosocial, behavioral, and structural factors among Korean adolescents.MethodsData of 74 854 adolescents, taken from the 2010 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey, were used. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the contribution of differential exposure to psychosocial, behavioral, and structural factors for gender differences of suicidal attempt.ResultsGender differences were observed in the degree of exposure to the various factors. Females were more likely to report psychosocial problems, whereas males were more likely to report experience of smoking and drinking alcohol and to engage in vigorous physical activity. Stress and unhappiness were significantly associated with suicide attempts in both males and females, and gender differences in these variables were nonsignificant. Depressive symptoms were associated with a higher risk of suicide attempts, and this relationship was significantly stronger for males. The effects of cigarette smoking and risky drinking were significantly stronger in females.DiscussionGreater exposure to perceived stress, feelings of unhappiness, depression, and higher vulnerability of smoking and heavy drinking accounted for higher suicide attempts of female adolescents. Higher exposure to health-related behaviors and greater vulnerability to depressive symptoms in male were also noted. In conclusion, differences in exposure and vulnerability to psychosocial and behavioral factors may partly explain gender differences in suicide attempts among Korean adolescents. PubDate: 2017-01-27T04:17:03.073194-05: DOI: 10.1111/appy.12272
Authors:Ying Qiao; Shen He, Liang Su, Jian-Zheng Zhu, Jian-Hua Sheng, Hua-Fang Li Abstract: IntroductionThis study was designed to determine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP-CHN) and assess the applicability of using the PSP-CHN in patients with severe mental disorders.MethodsA total of 285 outpatients with severe mental disorders, 220 with schizophrenia and 65 with major depressive disorder, were enrolled into the study. Both diagnoses were made using the DSM-IV. All the patients were assessed with the PSP-CHN, the GAF, and the CGI-S. In addition, the PANSS and the MADRS were used to assess the patients with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, respectively.ResultsThe PSP-CHN showed good internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.839, n = 285), high interrater reliability for total scores (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.865, n = 48), and good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.892, n = 130). The PSP-CHN total score showed a statistically significant positive correlation with the GAF score (r = 0.927, P PubDate: 2017-01-16T23:50:29.809851-05: DOI: 10.1111/appy.12271
Authors:Ippei Takeuchi; Manako Hanya, Junji Uno, Kiyoshi Fujita, Hiroyuki Kamei Abstract: IntroductionThis study investigated the efficacy of scopolamine (an anticholinergic agent) ointment against clozapine-induced hypersalivation.MethodsThe patients enrolled in this study consisted of 10 clozapine-treated schizophrenia patients and 10 healthy adult men. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled clinical trial was designed.ResultsA total of 10 patients and 10 healthy adult men completed the study. No significant reduction in the saliva production of the clozapine-treated patients was observed; however, that of the healthy adult men decreased significantly.DiscussionScopolamine ointment was not effective against clozapine-induced hypersalivation. A further study is necessary for confirming its effect. PubDate: 2016-12-19T14:50:23.32993-05:0 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12269
Authors:Mincai Qian; Zhongxia Shen, Min Lin, Tiefeng Guan, Jianhong Yang, Liang Li, Xinhua Shen, Yonggui Yuan Abstract: IntroductionTo investigate whether early improvement can predict 8-week treatment outcome in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) patients.MethodsFor 8 weeks, 226 GAD patients were randomly treated with escitalopram or venlafaxine. Early improvement was defined as a ≧20% reduction from baseline in Hamilton anxiety rating scale at week 1 or 2. The positive and negative predictive values were calculated.ResultsThe positive and negative predictive values of early improvement in escitalopram or venlafaxine group at week 1 were (85.19%, 67.53%) vs (84.62%, 65.33%)DiscussionThe early improvement achieved within the first week treatment can predict a good 8-week treatment outcome in GAD patients. PubDate: 2016-12-19T14:50:21.39738-05:0 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12270
Authors:Hui Ma; Zhengtu Cong, Hongyu Zhang, Jiangang Tao, Chao Yang, Zhijie Song Abstract: This study recruited 148 lung cancer patients and 157 healthy Chinese individuals to evaluate the personality traits of Chinese lung cancer patients using the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire and to investigate the associations between these traits and the rs6090453C/G and rs6011914C/G polymorphisms of the neurotensin receptor 1 gene. The results demonstrated significant differences in the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire total and subscale scores between the 2 groups. Significant differences were found in the reward dependence 2 (RD2) score between the rs6090453C/G genotypes and in the total harm avoidance (HA), HA1, HA2, HA4, and RD2 scores between the rs6011914C/G genotypes. Thus, patients with lung cancer have specific personality traits, and variations in the neurotensin receptor 1 gene may be involved in the biological mechanisms of the HA and RD personality traits. PubDate: 2016-11-28T03:30:22.4244-05:00 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12268
Authors:Na Du; Kexin Yu, Yan Ye, Shulin Chen Abstract: BackgroundInternet intervention in Chinese university students would be a possible approach to overcome the gap between high rate of depression and high rates of underdiagnosis and undertreatment. As a popular measure of screening, the feasibility and user satisfaction of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items for online program were tested.MethodsThe subjects were enrolled based on an email list from the students' office of a Chinese university, and 300 undergraduate students were randomly invited of which 230 (76.7%) students were willing to participate in the study and completed the first test. After 2 weeks, a subsample of 150 (65.2%) subjects were randomly chosen to retake the test for the test-retest reliability. And 81 (35.2%) among the 230 subjects were randomly selected to undergo the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview within 48 hours. Among 150 subjects, 120 (52.2%) completed client satisfaction questionnaire about this online screening program.Results(1) The Cronbach alpha was 0.80 and the test-retest reliability was 0.78. (2) The optimal cutoff score of 10 revealed a sensitivity of 0.74 and specificity of 0.85, with an area under the curve of 0.897 (95% confidence interval, 0.823-0.970). (3) The mean duration of administration was 3.5 minutes. (4) Satisfaction with the online screening program was highly appreciated.ConclusionsThe results indicated potential value of the online screening program for further Internet-administrated programs of depression among Chinese university students. PubDate: 2016-11-07T03:55:49.022232-05: DOI: 10.1111/appy.12266
Authors:Feng Shi-Jie; Gao Hong-Mei, Wang Li, Wang Bin-Hong, Fang Yi-Ru, Wang Gang, Si Tian-Mei Abstract: BackgroundThe stigma of major depressive disorder (MDD) is an important public health problem. This study evaluated stigma in MDD patients in China using explanatory model interview catalogue (EMIC) questionnaire and the demographic and clinical symptom factors associated with the stigma of these patients.MethodsA total of 158 MDD patients from domestic 3 mental health centers were surveyed. We used the EMIC questionnaire to assess stigma of these patients, Montgomery and Asberg depression rating scale (MADRS) to assess depressive severity, self-reporting inventory (SCL-90) to assess mental health level, Sheehan disability scale (SDS) to assess social function, and fatigue severity scale (FSS) to assess degree of fatigue.ResultsThe stigma scores were significantly higher in the 18- to 30-year-old (z = 2.875, P = .024) and 31- to 40-year-old (z = 3.204, P = .008) groups than the 51- to 65-year-old group; in the full-time employment group than the retired group (z = 3.163, P = .016). The stigma scores exhibited significant negative correlation with age (r = −0.169, P = .034) but positive correlations with the scores of MADRS (r = .212, P = .007), total scores (r = .273, P = .001) and subscales of interpersonal sensitivity (r = .233, P = .003), depression (r = .336, P PubDate: 2016-11-02T23:36:46.158134-05: DOI: 10.1111/appy.12260
Authors:Ye Zhang; Jun Zhang, Shenyue Zhu, Changhui Du, Wei Zhang Abstract: IntroductionWe investigated the prevalence rates for probable PTSD and used generalized estimating equations to identify risk factors for probable PTSD in children and adolescents exposed to the Lushan earthquake.MethodsA total of 1623 participants completed 3 assessments, including the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale, at 2 weeks, 3, and 6 months after experiencing the Lushan earthquake. Additionally, demographic variables and variables related to everyday functioning were evaluated at 2 weeks after the earthquake via a self-constructed questionnaire.ResultsThe percentages of children and adolescents who changed from having no PTSD to probable PTSD and probable PTSD to no PTSD at each time point were approximately 8% and 20% of the sample, respectively. The percentage of participants without PTSD increased from 41.1% at the 2-week to 3-month time point to 54.3% at the 3-month to 6-month time point, and the percentage with persistent probable PTSD decreased from 29.6% to 16.4% at the 2 time points, respectively. Female gender, a sedentary lifestyle, and actively helping others were significant risk factors for probable PTSD, whereas initiating communications with others, actively playing with classmates and friends, and the ability to concentrate on academic studies after resuming class were factors that helped protect against probable PTSD.DiscussionResistance to PTSD and persistent PTSD symptoms were both common occurrences in child and adolescent survivors. Specific variables related to everyday functioning may be risk factors for probable PTSD. These findings have implications for agencies that provide mental health services after an earthquake. PubDate: 2016-10-10T03:30:56.306555-05: DOI: 10.1111/appy.12262
Authors:Tamás Treuer; Kwok Ling Phyllis Chan, Bung Nyun Kim, Ganesh Kunjithapatham, Dora Wynchank, Bengi Semerci, William Montgomery, Diego Novick, Héctor Dueñas Abstract: This review discusses the unmet needs of patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who are transitioning into adulthood. Although awareness and recognition of ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults have improved in recent years, there is often an interruption in management of the disorder when adolescent patients transition to adult health care services. This review has the following objectives: (1) to identify key issues patients with ADHD (with or without an early diagnosis) face during transition into adulthood; (2) to review the current clinical practice and country-specific approaches to the management of the transition into adulthood for patients with ADHD; (3) to discuss challenges facing clinicians and their patients when drug treatment for ADHD is initiated; (4) to review current ADHD guidelines on transition management in Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, Turkey, and Africa; and (5) to examine economic consequences associated with ADHD. The review suggests that the transition period to adult ADHD may be an underresearched and underserved area. The transition period plays an important role regarding how ADHD symptoms may be perceived and acted upon by adult psychiatrists. Further studies are needed to explore the characteristics of the transition period. If only a fraction of adolescents go on to have mental disorders during adulthood, especially ADHD, it is crucial to identify their characteristics to target appropriate interventions at the beginning of the course of illness. There continues to be low recognition of adult ADHD and a severe lack of medical services equipped to diagnose and care for patients with ADHD transitioning from child to adult services. PubDate: 2016-08-23T13:35:27.140895-05: DOI: 10.1111/appy.12254
Authors:Jesus Ramirez-Bermudez; Jesus Higuera-Calleja, Mariana Espinola-Nadurille, Teresa Corona Abstract: Introduction:The purpose of this study was to explore the presence of neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with neurocysticercosis (NCC).Method:Patients with untreated NCC (n = 45) and healthy controls (n = 45) underwent psychiatric and neuropsychological assessments.Results:The majority of patients in the NCC group (64.4%) had at least 1 psychiatric diagnosis, compared with a minority in the control group (31.1%). The frequency of neurocognitive disorders, and particularly dementia (major neurocognitive disorder), was significantly higher in the group of patients with NCC.Discussion:This study confirms the relationship between NCC and cognitive disorders. PubDate: 2016-08-05T09:48:22.561424-05: DOI: 10.1111/appy.12250
Authors:Shahriar Khateri; Mohammadreza Soroush, Naghmeh Mokhber, Mohammadreza Sedighimoghaddam, Ehsan Modirian, Batool Mousavi, Seyed Javad Mousavi, Maryam Hosseini Abstract: IntroductionThis study aimed to describe the mental health status of sulfur mustard–exposed survivors suffering from severe respiratory and ophthalmological problems.MethodsOut of 450 invited Iran-Iraq War survivors of sulfur mustard exposure with severe symptoms, 350 participated in this cross-sectional study. Mental health status was assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, criteria. Fisher exact test, Pearson chi-square test, and chi-square test were used to assess any relationship, and the independent-sample t test was employed to compare differences between the veterans with ocular and pulmonary injuries.ResultsThere were 60.9% (n = 213) survivors who suffered from mental disorders. Among them, 39.7% (n = 139) were previously untreated and required the initiation of psychiatric treatment. The prevalence of anxiety and mood disorders among all survivors was 40.6% (n = 142) and 32.0% (n = 112), respectively. The most common anxiety and mood disorders were posttraumatic stress disorder (32.9%, n = 115) and major depressive disorder (22.3%, n = 78), respectively. Psychiatric disorders were more prevalent in cases with severe pulmonary chemical injury than in subjects with severe ophthalmologic chemical injury. Significant relationships were found between the types of psychiatric disorders and age, education, and occupation (P PubDate: 2016-08-05T08:25:24.044311-05: DOI: 10.1111/appy.12252
Authors:Sei Ogawa; Masaki Kondo, Jynya Okazaki, Risa Imai, Keiko Ino, Toshi A Furukawa, Tatsuo Akechi Abstract: IntroductionThis study examined the relationships between changes in symptoms and changes in quality of life (QOL) during cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for panic disorder (PD).MethodsWe treated 198 PD patients with group CBT in Japan. Using multiple regression analysis, we examined the associations between changes in QOL and changes in PD symptoms or comorbid psychological symptoms during CBT.ResultsChanges in anticipatory anxiety, agoraphobic fear/avoidance, and somatization were significant predictors of changes in some aspects of QOL.DiscussionIt might be useful to decrease somatization, anticipatory anxiety, and agoraphobic fear to improve QOL in CBT for PD. PubDate: 2016-08-01T22:05:31.972536-05: DOI: 10.1111/appy.12249
Authors:Emma Barker; Kairi Kolves, Diego De Leo Abstract: BackgroundRail-related suicide is a relatively rare but extremely lethal method of suicide that can have far-reaching consequences.ObjectiveThe aim of the systematic literature review was to analyze the existing literature on the effectiveness of rail-suicide prevention activities.Data sourcesDatabases used were Scopus, Medline, and ProQuest.Search termsThe search terms used were “suicid*,” “prevent*,” “rail*,” or “train.”Eligibility criteriaEnglish-language studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 1 January 1990 and 30 April 2015 that presented an overview of rail-related suicide prevention activities and included an analysis of effectiveness were used.ResultsWe retrieved 1,229 results in the original search with nine papers presenting empirical evidence. Three studies in the review analyzed the effectiveness of platform screen doors and another three analyzed the installation of blue lights, two papers analyzed the effectiveness of suicide pits, and one included the influence of media reporting guidelines.ConclusionPlatform screen doors, suicide pits, blue lights, and improved media guidelines all have the potential to reduce rail-related suicide events and deaths.LimitationsThe review was restricted to English-language peer-reviewed papers published within the chosen time period. PubDate: 2016-07-14T07:06:01.880788-05: DOI: 10.1111/appy.12246
Authors:Yu Yang; Hui Ma, Man Wang, Aiping Wang Abstract: IntroductionThe objective of this study was to evaluate levels and prevalence of anxiety in thyroid tumor patients awaiting surgery and diagnosis and to investigate whether significant differences existed in preoperative anxiety levels between patients with postoperative pathological diagnosis of benign thyroid tumors (BTT) or thyroid cancer (TC) in a Chinese-Han population.MethodsFive hundred and twenty-nine patients awaiting surgery and diagnosis were chosen as the patient group, and 419 healthy Chinese were chosen as the control group. Anxiety levels were assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.ResultsThe cytological and histopathologic examinations showed BTT in 390 patients and TC in 139 patients. Moderate and high state-anxiety prevalence were 63.3%, 66.9%, and 38.9%, and moderate and high trait-anxiety prevalence were 53.6%, 56.1%, and 20.5% for BTT, TC, and healthy groups, respectively. There were significant differences in sample distributions between low and moderate/high anxiety levels among the three groups (state-anxiety, χ2 = 60.95, P PubDate: 2016-05-26T23:45:26.680132-05: DOI: 10.1111/appy.12245
Authors:Kaiyuan Chen; Na Wang, Jie Zhang, Xiaohong Hong, Haiyun Xu, Xiaofeng Zhao, Qingjun Huang Abstract: Although emerging evidence has suggested an association between the Val66Met (rs6265) polymorphisms in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene and the panic disorder, the conclusion is inclusive given the mixed results. This meta-analysis reviewed and analyzed the recent studies addressing the potential association between the Val66Met polymorphisms and panic disorder susceptibility. Related case–control studies were retrieved by database searching and selected according to established inclusion criteria. Six articles were identified, which explored the association between the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and panic disorder. Statistical analyses revealed no association for the allele contrast and the dominant model. However, the recessive model showed a significant association between the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and panic disorder (odds ratio = 1.26, 95% confidence interval = 1.04–1.52, z = 2.39, P = 0.02). Despite of some limitations, this meta-analysis suggests that the Val66Met polymorphism of BDNF gene is a susceptibility factor for panic disorder. PubDate: 2015-12-21T01:40:56.112751-05: DOI: 10.1111/appy.12228
Authors:Yikang Zhu; Zhi Yang, Jinping Zhao, Ting Li, Meijuan Wang, Jie Qian, Yi Jiang, Jijun Wang, Xuchu Weng, Dehua Yu, Chunbo Li Abstract: IntroductionInterpersonal hypersensitivity is often observed in schizophrenia and has been associated with psychopathological deficits in schizophrenia. Here, we investigated dysfunctions of interpersonal information processing in schizophrenia at both conscious and subconscious levels.MethodsThe experiment included 143 schizophrenia patients and 59 healthy controls. A continuous flashing suppression approach based on binocular rivalry was employed, which included two modes: invisible (subconscious) and visible (conscious). The accuracy and reaction time of a Gabor patch direction–detection task were assessed under three types of stimuli in both modes: images with no person (type 1), images with two to three noncommunicating persons (type 2), and images with more than three communicating individuals (type 3).ResultsIn the visible mode, the accuracy of the Gabor patch direction–detection task in the case group was significantly lower than in the control group for the third type of stimuli (P = 0.015). In the invisible mode, however, the accuracy was higher in the case group than in the control group (P = 0.037). The response time difference of the Gabor patch direction–detection task for the third type of images in the invisible mode was negatively correlated with the duration of the illness (P = 0.008).DiscussionThese findings suggest that schizophrenia patients exhibit attentional bias to interpersonal interaction behaviors at both conscious and subliminal levels but toward opposite directions. Our findings shed light on the subconscious deficits under the paranoid symptom in schizophrenia. PubDate: 2015-11-23T06:56:19.260697-05: DOI: 10.1111/appy.12221
Authors:Mingji Yi; Ying Zhang, Yujie Wang, Nailun Su, Shiguo Liu Abstract: IntroductionClinical, neuroimaging and other studies provided evidence that the dysfunction of the serotonin neurotransmitter system were found in Tourette syndrome (TS). This study is to explore the association between the polymorphism of C861G (rs6296) in HTR1B and TS in Han Chinese people.MethodsTwo hundred ninety-nine TS patients (260 TS trios and 39 TS patients) and 388 healthy controls were collected. The genotype of HTR1B C861G was detected using Taqman probes. The case-control study and family-based study was used separately to study association between HTR1B C861G and TS in Han Chinese people.ResultsIn case-control study, no statistically significant difference was found in the distribution of HTR1B C861G polymorphism between TS patients and controls (for genotype: χ2 = 3.408, P = 0.182; for allele: χ2 = 0.395, P = 0.530, OR = 0.934, 95%CI: 0.754–1.156). In family-based study, we observed nonsignificant over-transmission of the G861 allele in HTR1B to TS offspring using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), haplotype relative risk (HRR) and haplotype-based HRR (HHRR) (TDT χ2 = 0.410, P = 0.560; HRR = 1.151, χ2 = 0.421, P = 0.517, 95% CI: 0.753–1.759; HHRR = 0.919, χ2 = 0.467, P = 0.495, 95%CI: 0.720–1.172).DiscussionOur study suggested that the polymorphism of HTR1B C861G is not a risk factor for TS in Han Chinese population. However, the result should be replicated in larger sample and different population. PubDate: 2015-06-29T20:08:28.023269-05: DOI: 10.1111/appy.12196
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