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 Annales Henri Poincaré   [SJR: 1.377]   [H-I: 32]   [3 followers]  Follow         Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)    ISSN (Print) 1424-0637 - ISSN (Online) 1424-0661    Published by Springer-Verlag  [2355 journals]
• The Topological Classification of One-Dimensional Symmetric Quantum Walks
• Authors: C. Cedzich; T. Geib; F. A. Grünbaum; C. Stahl; L. Velázquez; A. H. Werner; R. F. Werner
Pages: 325 - 383
Abstract: We give a topological classification of quantum walks on an infinite 1D lattice, which obey one of the discrete symmetry groups of the tenfold way, have a gap around some eigenvalues at symmetry protected points, and satisfy a mild locality condition. No translation invariance is assumed. The classification is parameterized by three indices, taking values in a group, which is either trivial, the group of integers, or the group of integers modulo 2, depending on the type of symmetry. The classification is complete in the sense that two walks have the same indices if and only if they can be connected by a norm-continuous path along which all the mentioned properties remain valid. Of the three indices, two are related to the asymptotic behavior far to the right and far to the left, respectively. These are also stable under compact perturbations. The third index is sensitive to those compact perturbations which cannot be contracted to a trivial one. The results apply to the Hamiltonian case as well. In this case, all compact perturbations can be contracted, so the third index is not defined. Our classification extends the one known in the translation- invariant case, where the asymptotic right and left indices add up to zero, and the third one vanishes, leaving effectively only one independent index. When two translation-invariant bulks with distinct indices are joined, the left and right asymptotic indices of the joined walk are thereby fixed, and there must be eigenvalues at 1 or $$-\,1$$ (bulk-boundary correspondence). Their location is governed by the third index. We also discuss how the theory applies to finite lattices, with suitable homogeneity assumptions.
PubDate: 2018-02-01
DOI: 10.1007/s00023-017-0630-x
Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 2 (2018)

• A Mathematical Account of the NEGF Formalism
• Authors: Horia D. Cornean; Valeriu Moldoveanu; Claude-Alain Pillet
Pages: 411 - 442
Abstract: The main goal of this paper is to put on solid mathematical grounds the so-called non-equilibrium Green’s function transport formalism for open systems. In particular, we derive the Jauho–Meir–Wingreen formula for the time-dependent current through an interacting sample coupled to non-interacting leads. Our proof is non-perturbative and uses neither complex-time Keldysh contours nor Langreth rules of ‘analytic continuation.’ We also discuss other technical identities (Langreth, Keldysh) involving various many-body Green’s functions. Finally, we study the Dyson equation for the advanced/retarded interacting Green’s function and we rigorously construct its (irreducible) self-energy, using the theory of Volterra operators.
PubDate: 2018-02-01
DOI: 10.1007/s00023-017-0638-2
Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 2 (2018)

• Effects of Boundary Conditions on Irreversible Dynamics
• Authors: Aldo Procacci; Benedetto Scoppola; Elisabetta Scoppola
Pages: 443 - 462
Abstract: We present a simple one-dimensional Ising-type spin system on which we define a completely asymmetric Markovian single spin-flip dynamics. We study the system at a very low, yet nonzero, temperature, and we show that for free boundary conditions the Gibbs measure is stationary for such dynamics, while introducing in a single site a $$+$$ condition the stationary measure changes drastically, with macroscopical effects. We achieve this result defining an absolutely convergent series expansion of the stationary measure around the zero temperature system. Interesting combinatorial identities are involved in the proofs.
PubDate: 2018-02-01
DOI: 10.1007/s00023-017-0627-5
Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 2 (2018)

• Edrei’s Conjecture Revisited
• Authors: Jan P. Boroński; Jiří Kupka; Piotr Oprocha
Pages: 267 - 281
Abstract: Motivated by a recent result of Ciesielski and Jasiński we study periodic point free Cantor systems that are conjugate to systems with vanishing derivative everywhere, and more generally locally radially shrinking maps. Our study uncovers a whole spectrum of dynamical behaviors attainable for such systems, providing new counterexamples to the Conjecture of Edrei from 1952, first disproved by Williams in 1954.
PubDate: 2018-01-01
DOI: 10.1007/s00023-017-0623-9
Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 1 (2018)

• A Theory of Intermittency Differentiation of 1D Infinitely Divisible
Multiplicative Chaos Measures
• Authors: Dmitry Ostrovsky
Abstract: A theory of intermittency differentiation is developed for a general class of 1D infinitely divisible multiplicative chaos measures. The intermittency invariance of the underlying infinitely divisible field is established and utilized to derive a Feynman–Kac equation for the distribution of the total mass of the limit measure by considering a stochastic flow in intermittency. The resulting equation prescribes the rule of intermittency differentiation for a general functional of the total mass and determines the distribution of the total mass and its dependence structure to the first order in intermittency. A class of non-local functionals of the limit measure extending the total mass is introduced and shown to be invariant under intermittency differentiation making the computation of the full high-temperature expansion of the total mass distribution possible in principle. For application, positive integer moments and covariance structure of the total mass are considered in detail.
PubDate: 2018-02-19
DOI: 10.1007/s00023-018-0656-8

• Equidistribution for Standard Pairs in Planar Dispersing Billiard Flows
• Authors: Péter Bálint; Péter Nándori; Domokos Szász; Imre Péter Tóth
Abstract: We prove exponential correlation decay in dispersing billiard flows on the 2-torus assuming finite horizon and lack of corner points. With applications aimed at describing heat conduction, the highly singular initial measures are concentrated here on 1-dimensional submanifolds (given by standard pairs) and the observables are supposed to satisfy a generalized Hölder continuity property. The result is based on the exponential correlation decay bound of Baladi et al. (Invent Math, 211:39–117, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00222-017-0745-1) obtained for Hölder continuous observables in these billiards. The model dependence of the bounds is also discussed.
PubDate: 2018-02-17
DOI: 10.1007/s00023-018-0648-8

• Quantum Speed Limit Versus Classical Displacement Energy
• Authors: Laurent Charles; Leonid Polterovich
Abstract: We discuss a link between symplectic displacement energy, a fundamental notion of symplectic topology, and the quantum speed limit, a universal constraint on the speed of quantum-mechanical processes. The link is provided by the quantum-classical correspondence formalized within the framework of the Berezin–Toeplitz quantization.
PubDate: 2018-02-16
DOI: 10.1007/s00023-018-0649-7

• Quantum Fields from Global Propagators on Asymptotically Minkowski and
Extended de Sitter Spacetimes
• Authors: András Vasy; Michał Wrochna
Abstract: We consider the wave equation on asymptotically Minkowski spacetimes and the Klein–Gordon equation on even asymptotically de Sitter spaces. In both cases, we show that the extreme difference of propagators (i.e., retarded propagator minus advanced, or Feynman minus anti-Feynman), defined as Fredholm inverses, induces a symplectic form on the space of solutions with wave front set confined to the radial sets. Furthermore, we construct isomorphisms between the solution spaces and symplectic spaces of asymptotic data. As an application of this result, we obtain distinguished Hadamard two-point functions from asymptotic data. Ultimately, we prove that non-interacting Quantum Field Theory on asymptotically de Sitter spacetimes extends across the future and past conformal boundary, i.e., to a region represented by two even asymptotically hyperbolic spaces. Specifically, we show this to be true both at the level of symplectic spaces of solutions and at the level of Hadamard two-point functions.
PubDate: 2018-02-16
DOI: 10.1007/s00023-018-0650-1

• Compactness of the Resolvent for the Witten Laplacian
• Authors: Wei-Xi Li
Abstract: In this paper, we consider the Witten Laplacian on 0-forms and give sufficient conditions under which the Witten Laplacian admits a compact resolvent. These conditions are imposed on the potential itself, involving the control of high-order derivatives by lower ones, as well as the control of the positive eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix. This compactness criterion for resolvent is inspired by the one for the Fokker–Planck operator. Our method relies on the nilpotent group techniques developed by Helffer–Nourrigat (Hypoellipticité maximale pour des opérateurs polynômes de champs de vecteurs, Birkhäuser Boston Inc., Boston, 1985).
PubDate: 2018-02-16
DOI: 10.1007/s00023-018-0659-5

• Phase Space Homogenization of Noisy Hamiltonian Systems
• Authors: Jeremiah Birrell; Jan Wehr
Abstract: We study the dynamics of an inertial particle coupled to forcing, dissipation, and noise in the small mass limit. We derive an expression for the limiting (homogenized) joint distribution of the position and (scaled) velocity degrees of freedom. In particular, weak convergence of the joint distributions is established, along with a bound on the convergence rate for a wide class of expected values.
PubDate: 2018-02-06
DOI: 10.1007/s00023-018-0646-x

• The Dirac–Frenkel Principle for Reduced Density Matrices, and the
Bogoliubov–de Gennes Equations
• Authors: Niels Benedikter; Jérémy Sok; Jan Philip Solovej
Abstract: The derivation of effective evolution equations is central to the study of non-stationary quantum many-body systems, and widely used in contexts such as superconductivity, nuclear physics, Bose–Einstein condensation and quantum chemistry. We reformulate the Dirac–Frenkel approximation principle in terms of reduced density matrices and apply it to fermionic and bosonic many-body systems. We obtain the Bogoliubov–de Gennes and Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov equations, respectively. While we do not prove quantitative error estimates, our formulation does show that the approximation is optimal within the class of quasifree states. Furthermore, we prove well-posedness of the Bogoliubov–de Gennes equations in energy space and discuss conserved quantities.
PubDate: 2018-01-24
DOI: 10.1007/s00023-018-0644-z

• The Haag–Kastler Axioms for the $$\mathscr {P}(\varphi )_2$$ P ( φ ) 2
Model on the De Sitter Space
• Authors: Christian D. Jäkel; Jens Mund
Abstract: We establish the Haag–Kastler axioms for a class of interacting quantum field theories on the two-dimensional de Sitter space, which satisfy finite speed of light. The $${\mathscr {P}} (\varphi )_2$$ model constructed in [3], describing massive scalar bosons with polynomial interactions, provides an example.
PubDate: 2018-01-20
DOI: 10.1007/s00023-018-0647-9

• Correction to: Gupta–Bleuler Quantization of the Maxwell Field in
Globally Hyperbolic Space-Times
• Authors: Felix Finster; Alexander Strohmaier
Abstract: In Section 5.1 in [1] it is incorrectly claimed that condition (A) is equivalent to the vanishing of the operator B in the expansion.
PubDate: 2017-12-28
DOI: 10.1007/s00023-017-0632-8

• Coulomb Scattering in the Massless Nelson Model III: Ground State Wave
Functions and Non-commutative Recurrence Relations
• Authors: Wojciech Dybalski; Alessandro Pizzo
Abstract: Let $$H_{P,\sigma }$$ be the single-electron fiber Hamiltonians of the massless Nelson model at total momentum P and infrared cut-off $$\sigma >0$$ . We establish detailed regularity properties of the corresponding n-particle ground state wave functions $$f^n_{P,\sigma }$$ as functions of P and $$\sigma$$ . In particular, we show that \begin{aligned} \ \ \partial _{P^j}f^{n}_{P,\sigma }(k_1,\ldots , k_n) , \ \ \partial _{P^j} \partial _{P^{j'}} f^{n}_{P,\sigma }(k_1,\ldots , k_n) \!\le \! \frac{1}{\sqrt{n!}} \frac{(c\lambda _0)^n}{\sigma ^{\delta _{\lambda _0}}} \prod _{i=1}^n\frac{ \chi _{[\sigma ,\kappa )}(k_i)}{ k_i ^{3/2}}, \end{aligned} where c is a numerical constant, $$\lambda _0\mapsto \delta _{\lambda _0}$$ is a positive function of the maximal admissible coupling constant which satisfies $$\lim _{\lambda _0\rightarrow 0}\delta _{\lambda _0}=0$$ and $$\chi _{[\sigma ,\kappa )}$$ is the (approximate) characteristic function of the energy region between the infrared cut-off $$\sigma$$ and the ultraviolet cut-off $$\kappa$$ . While the analysis of the first derivative is relatively straightforward, the second derivative requires a new strategy. By solving a non-commutative recurrence relation, we derive a novel formula for $$f^n_{P,\sigma }$$ with improved infrared properties. In this representation $$\partial _{P^{j'}}\partial _{P^{j}}f^n_{P,\sigma }$$ is amenable to sharp estimates obtained by iterative analytic perturbation theory in part II of this series of papers. The bounds stated above are instrumental for scattering theory of two electrons in the Nelson model, as explained in part I of this series.
PubDate: 2017-12-28
DOI: 10.1007/s00023-017-0642-6

• Examples of Naked Singularity Formation in Higher-Dimensional
Einstein-Vacuum Spacetimes
• Authors: Xinliang An; Xuefeng Zhang
Abstract: The vacuum Einstein equations in $$5+1$$ dimensions are shown to admit solutions describing naked singularity formation in gravitational collapse from nonsingular asymptotically locally flat initial data that contain no trapped surface. We present a class of specific examples with topology $$\mathbb {R}^{3+1} \times S^2$$ . Thanks to the Kaluza–Klein dimensional reduction, these examples are constructed by lifting continuously self-similar solutions of the 4-dimensional Einstein-scalar field system with a negative exponential potential. The latter solutions are obtained by solving a 3-dimensional autonomous system of first-order ordinary differential equations with a combined analytic and numerical approach. Their existence provides a new test-bed for weak cosmic censorship in higher-dimensional gravity. In addition, we point out that a similar attempt of lifting Christodoulou’s naked singularity solutions of massless scalar fields fails to capture formation of naked singularities in $$4+1$$ dimensions, due to a diverging Kretschmann scalar in the initial data.
PubDate: 2017-12-20
DOI: 10.1007/s00023-017-0631-9

• On Asymptotic Expansions in Spin–Boson Models
• Authors: Gerhard Bräunlich; David Hasler; Markus Lange
Abstract: We consider expansions of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of models of quantum field theory. For a class of models known as generalized spin–boson model, we prove the existence of asymptotic expansions of the ground state and the ground state energy to arbitrary order. We need a mild but very natural infrared assumption, which is weaker than the assumption usually needed for other methods such as operator theoretic renormalization to be applicable. The result complements previously shown analyticity properties.
PubDate: 2017-12-19
DOI: 10.1007/s00023-017-0625-7

• Uniqueness of Kerr–Newman–de Sitter Black Holes with
Small Angular Momenta
• Authors: Peter Hintz
Abstract: We show that a stationary solution of the Einstein–Maxwell equations which is close to a non-degenerate Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter solution is in fact equal to a slowly rotating Kerr–Newman–de Sitter solution. The proof uses the nonlinear stability of the Kerr–Newman–de Sitter family of black holes with small angular momenta, recently established by the author, together with an extension argument for Killing vector fields. Our black hole uniqueness result only requires the solution to have high but finite regularity; in particular, we do not make any analyticity assumptions.
PubDate: 2017-12-15
DOI: 10.1007/s00023-017-0633-7

• Recoupling Coefficients and Quantum Entropies
• Authors: Matthias Christandl; M. Burak Şahinoğlu; Michael Walter
Abstract: We prove that the asymptotic behavior of the recoupling coefficients of the symmetric group $$S_k$$ is characterized by a quantum marginal problem: they decay polynomially in k if there exists a quantum state of three particles with given eigenvalues for their reduced density operators and exponentially otherwise. As an application, we deduce solely from symmetry considerations of the coefficients the strong subadditivity property of the von Neumann entropy, first proved by Lieb and Ruskai (J Math Phys 14:1938–1941, 1973). Our work may be seen as a non-commutative generalization of the representation-theoretic aspect of the recently found connection between the quantum marginal problem and the Kronecker coefficient of the symmetric group, which has applications in quantum information theory and algebraic complexity theory. This connection is known to generalize the correspondence between Weyl’s problem on the addition of Hermitian matrices and the Littlewood–Richardson coefficients of SU(d). In this sense, our work may also be regarded as a generalization of Wigner’s famous observation of the semiclassical behavior of the recoupling coefficients (here also known as 6j or Racah coefficients), which decay polynomially whenever a tetrahedron with given edge lengths exists. More precisely, we show that our main theorem contains a characterization of the possible eigenvalues of partial sums of Hermitian matrices thus presenting a representation-theoretic characterization of a generalization of Weyl’s problem. The appropriate geometric objects to SU(d) recoupling coefficients are thus tuples of Hermitian matrices and to $$S_k$$ recoupling coefficients they are three-particle quantum states.
PubDate: 2017-12-15
DOI: 10.1007/s00023-017-0639-1

• Pre-big Bang Geometric Extensions of Inflationary Cosmologies
• Authors: David Klein; Jake Reschke
Abstract: Robertson–Walker spacetimes within a large class are geometrically extended to larger cosmologies that include spacetime points with zero and negative cosmological times. In the extended cosmologies, the big bang is lightlike, and though singular, it inherits some geometric structure from the original spacetime. Spacelike geodesics are continuous across the cosmological time zero submanifold which is parameterized by the radius of Fermi space slices, i.e., by the proper distances along spacelike geodesics from a comoving observer to the big bang. The continuous extension of the metric, and the continuously differentiable extension of the leading Fermi metric coefficient $$g_{\tau \tau }$$ of the observer, restrict the geometry of spacetime points with pre-big bang cosmological time coordinates. In our extensions the big bang is two dimensional in a certain sense, consistent with some findings in quantum gravity.
PubDate: 2017-12-14
DOI: 10.1007/s00023-017-0634-6

• Loop Equations from Differential Systems on Curves
• Authors: Raphaël Belliard; Bertrand Eynard; Olivier Marchal
Abstract: To any flat section equation of the form $$\nabla _0\Psi =\Phi \Psi$$ in a principal bundle over a Riemann surface ( $$\nabla _0$$ is a reference connection), we associate an infinite sequence of “correlators”, symmetric n-differentials on $$\Sigma$$ that we denote $$\{W-n\}_{n \in \mathcal {N}}$$ . The goal of this article is to prove that these correlators are solutions to “loop equations,” the same ones satisfied by correlation functions in random matrix models, or equivalently Ward identities of Virasoro or $${\mathcal {W}}$$ -symmetric CFT.
PubDate: 2017-12-02
DOI: 10.1007/s00023-017-0622-x

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