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Bulletin of Pridniprovsk State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 2312-2676
Published by Pridniprovsk State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture

[1 journal]

Methodological bases for investigation of the grain-boundary structure in
steels with α, γ and α + γ phase state
- Authors: V. I. Bolshakov, G. D. Sukhomlin, T. O. Dergach
  Pages: 10 - 21
  Abstract: Formulation of the problem. A promising direction of improving the complex of properties of metal products of polycrystalline materials constitutes the use of the grain boundary engineering (GBE) principle in the manufacturing operations of their production. Its essence consists in a combination of temperature-deformation processes that contribute to the formation of a structure with a maximum possible content of special grain boundaries (SGB) of Σ3n type in the concept of lattices of coincident site lattice (CSL). To date, certain results have been achieved, development of this direction is constrained by the lack of scientific methodology and reliable methods of identification, quantification and determination of the energy level of the large-angle homophase and heterophase boundaries in steels with α, γ and α+γ phase states. This work objective is creation of new and improved procedures for studying and determining the complex of characteristics of special homophase and heterophase boundaries in low-alloy and high-alloy steels. Conclusions. New metallographic and electron diffraction methods for recognizing and estimating the energy level of the special boundaries of the Ʃ3n family in steels with α, γ and α+γ phase states have been developed and existing methods modified. The SGBs in ferrite of low-alloy ferritic-pearlitic steels and in the γ-phase of high-alloy austenitic and ferritic-austenitic steels were identified. For the first time, the α-γ interphase boundaries were found in ferritic-pearlitic steels and their specific surface and energy spectrum were estimated. The developed methods can be used in fundamental studies of the grain-boundary structure of polycrystalline materials and in development of innovative technologies.
Strain-stress distribution of “homogeneous” soil mass during the load
transmitted through the limited area in the plan, applied inside the
elastic homogeneous soil mass
- Authors: V. I. Bolshakov, A. M. Motornyi, M. A. Motornyi
  Pages: 22 - 30
  Abstract: Based on the current understanding of the piles work in clayey soils; that is forming during driving process a compacted core (compacted platform) in the pile tip plane and transferring the load from the pile (from the piling foundation) not through the pile tip but through the pressed core (compacted platform), the stress in the soil mass by the load applied inside the elastic half-space is determined with the change in the calculated scheme of load transferring to the “homogeneous” soil mass.
Zoning of the city territory on the basis of the market value of real
estate as the basis of the normative monetary valuation of land
- Authors: Yur. O. Kirichek, Ye. O. Lando, D. K. Bykov
  Pages: 31 - 40
  Abstract: The article touches the analysis of the existent zoning and development of principles of the price zoning of territory of city as basis of normative money appraisal of land and mass appraisal of the real estate for the aims of taxation. The worked out price zoning allows correctly to decide the row of corresponding evaluation tasks. The analysis of market value of land and real estate is executed. The map of the price zoning of the dwelling real estate is formed. The offered zoning, coming from the analysis of market value of the real estate, is got on the basis of criteria of value and can be used both for determination of value at a mass appraisal for the aims of taxation and for the normative money appraisal of land.
Spacial geoinformation systems
- Authors: Yur. O. Kirichek, V. O. Gryanyk
  Pages: 41 - 46
  Abstract: Providing reliable and relevant data for decision-making is the foundation for efficient and effective state policy on land management and real estate in general.
  In Ukraine and balance-owners of real estate, utilities, roads and communications have not always have information about their facilities with reference to existing geodetic network and do not commit action for making such information to the relevant inventories. On a separate note that in land and urban cadaster almost no information on most utilities, roads and communications and their forming mode security zone. Lack of information and communication engineering services prevents efficient work planning and territorial development of Ukraine. Analysis of existing inventories imperfect approach also shows the formation of objects of land relations and the information about actual land use (information about the land on which the immovable property is paid, usually initiated by the owner of the property, not the owner of the land initiative), which in turn is the main reason for the shortfall payment for the land the different levels. In the article the analysis of modern municipal geoinformation support of local communities in Ukraine, proposed primary ways to build on existing technical materials and a new database created with modern technology. These GIS even more relevant in terms of administrative and territorial reform in Ukraine and are suitable for use in combined local communities.
Study of base components of shell-bottom junction stress-strain state
dependence on bottom-foundation interaction model
- Authors: E. A. Egorov, A. S. Deynega
  Pages: 47 - 54
  Abstract: Raising of a problem. Steel storage tanks (SST) are relating to a mass-volume construction category, widely used in petroleum industry for crude oil and petroleum products storage. Such constructions are of category of critical objects, therefore SST performance must be deeply studied and calculation methodology must be improved. Shell-bottom junction is one of the important critical components of such constructions. This junction calculation methods are well developed and approved for steel tanks of standard series. Though all above mentioned methods are based on the physical model with bidirectional bottom-foundation connection. In fact tank bottom has a unilateral connection with foundation (foundation doesn't impede bottom upward displacement). Therefore real performance mode of shell-bottom junction differs from calculation model with bidirectional bottom-foundation connection. This fact might have influence on the computational accuracy. Purpose. In this article base components of shell-bottom junction stress-strain state due to unilateral bottom-foundation interaction model is being analyzed. Also the difference in tank calculation results using unilateral and bidirectional bottom-foundation connection model is studied. Conclusion. Under certain relation of geometric parameters, modulus of foundation and loading level of steel tank, essential differences (from 5 to 20%) in bending moment values take place in shell-bottom junction while using unilateral and bidirectional bottom-foundation interaction models. Under internal excessive pressure absence, a bending moment value in shell-bottom junction with unilateral bottom-foundation interaction was found to be smaller than in case of bidirectional bottom-foundation connection. This case can be explained by occurrence of undetected (inner) bottom uplift. This fact accounting makes it possible to reduce metal consumption and to obtain a certain saving rate.
Evaluation of land based on market price objects of real estate in
ukraine: problems and ways of their solutions
- Authors: A. G. Martyn, A. A. Koshel
  Pages: 55 - 61
  Abstract: Raising of problem. During the reform of land and property relations, has been carried out in Ukraine since the early 1990s, land plots and buildings received the status of goods, participate in economic turnover, have value and price. At the same time, not the most important prerequisite for the introduction in Ukraine of a mass valuation of real estate, which is intended to become a base for the fair taxation of land plots and other real estate, should be the systematic collection of mass data on the market prices of real estate. Constant changes, additions and improvements to the current normative monetary assessment of land do not give a real change in the methodology of assessment because it is based on regulatory indicators, there is a non-market based assessment. This approach does not give positive results and in the overwhelming majority we distort the evaluation indicators. As a result, there is a situation where in some places the price of a square meter is much lower than the market (real) price, while in others it is much higher than the actual price. Thus, the transition to the use of monetary land valuation, which is based on mass market indicators (mass valuation), will get rid of the regulatory indicators by introducing a market valuation base. Purpose. Conduct an analysis of the current state of monetary valuation of land in Ukraine, form the main problems of the modern land assessment area and guide the ways to improve and transition to market valuation of land based on widespread use of mass data on market prices of real estate. Conclusion. The analysis of the current state of the monetary valuation of land shows a significant deviation of the evaluation results with real market prices, indicating the imperfection of the existing method of normative monetary evaluation. Mass evaluation in the short term can solve the problems with the reliability of the estimates and improve the system of land taxation.
Nature of the real property and its value
- Authors: O. I. Drapikovskyi, I. B. Ivanova
  Pages: 62 - 68
  Abstract: Raising of problem. The factious character of the real property appraisal does impossible determination of its market value. Purpose. To offer the base models of valuation of the real property and its physical and legal constituents. Conclusions. Determination of market value requires consideration of the real property as an integral object the physical and legal constituents of which are estimated by their payment in this value.
Biomechanical justification of the threaded element’s form of the total
hip endoprosthesis’ acetabular component
- Authors: S. P. Panchenko, O. Ie. Oleynik, O. O. Kovbasa, M. O. Frolov
  Pages: 69 - 78
  Abstract: Formulation of the problem. Total hip replacement (THR) remains to be responsible for the markable clinical achievements of contemporal orthopaedic surgery [1; 2; 4]. It should be noted, that numerous efforts to create an “ideal” uncemented hip endoprosthesis’ construction were failed, but led into wide diversity of implants. Such a diversity allowes to individualize implant type selection and to improve implant’s survival and total THR’s clinical outcomes [1; 4]. Outcomes mentioned above determine successful application of total hip replacement as a treatment method. Consequently, development of new and improvement of existing hip endoprosthesis’ constructions seems to be of current interest for contemporal orthopaedic surgery. Purpose. To determine optimal parametres of threaded element’s geometry of total hip endoprosthesis’ threaded acetabular component. Conclusion. There were revealed that threaded element model with right-angled triangle transverse section shape seems to be the most effective considering hardness, while the triangle is leaned on the bone massive with its cathetus. At the same time, results of calculations represent pelvic bone stress-strain state during THR quantitavely and stipulate further research.
Using of the mathematical statistics methods for the characteristic of the
ele-mental contamination urban ecosystems soils by the heavy metals
- Authors: T. F. Yakovyshyna
  Pages: 79 - 85
  Abstract: Raising of problem. Sustainable development of the urban ecosystems, taking into account the provision of ecological safety standards for the human life within the city and the rational use and restoration of the resource potential of the territory, requires the search for effective methods of the characteristic of the ecological situation. In the conditions of the progressive pressure to the environment, the leading role belongs to the mathematical statistics methods, as a tool that allows us to examine and analyze in detail ecological systems of the various complexity. Of all the environmental abiotic components, soils have been given the least attention, which is due, firstly, to the ambiguous characteristic of the environmental situation according to the total content of the contaminant, and secondly, to the problem of choice its additional forms for the statistical analysis. Purpose. Substantial using of the mathematical statistics methods in the ecomonitoring system along with the generally accepted for the characterization of the elemental soil contamination of the urban ecosystem by the heavy metals, by determining the statistical characteristics and establishing relationships between the total content, potentially available and available forms by the example of Zn contamination in the Dnieper. The total content, potentially available and available forms have been used to determine the elemental Zn contamination. An array of the content data of the studied Zn forms has been obtained in the network of ecological monitoring of soils of the Dnieper urban ecosystem: grid (2 km × 2 km), key sampling sites – 65. In the selected samples, the Zn total content yas been determined by the atomic absorption method after acidizing the soil, its potentially available forms in the extraction of 1 H HCl, and the available forms in AAB (pH 4.8) by standard methods. The mathematical statistics methods and the application package Microsoft Excel 2010 has been used to determine the patterns of Zn distribution of the across the territory. Conclusion. The using of the mathematical statistics methods for characterizing data sets, as primary values, has been scientifically confirmed in the block for estimating the ecomonitoring system of the heavy metals contamination of the urban ecosystems soils. The intensive technogenic Zn contamination soils of the whole Dnieper territory according to the total content and the increase in the contamination variegation by the potentially available and available forms have been revealed using statistical methods and in the rationing of the sanitary- hygienic (MAC) and ecological indicators (natural geochemical background). A close correlation has been established between the total Zn content in the soils of Dnieper urban ecosystem and the potentially available forms, in contrast to the available forms, where it has been not observed, which indicates a selective loss of buffer mechanisms relative to Zn.
State policy of territorial planning of agricultural-building clusters
organization: Prydniprovskyi region
- Authors: G. P. Yevseieva, M. V. Savytskyi, Ie. O. Yevseev
  Pages: 86 - 95
  Abstract: Cluster development, as a factor of the national and regional competitiveness increasing, is a characteristic feature of the modern innovation economy. Clusters have become an effective tool for the development of individual territories and regions, which has contributed to the nationwide competitiveness increasing of many countries in the world. Today, Ukraine faces the problem of choosing an effective way of future development in accordance with European and world standards. The idea or the citizens life quality and the innovative development of the leading sectors of the Ukrainian economy should become a national idea, a priority direction of the state development. Therefore, at the national level, clusters should be considered as a promising form of organization for cooperation and development at the regional and national levels. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the measures of state support regarding the clusters formation of agrarian and construction typology as a means of activating investment activities in the region, in particular Pridneprovskyi region, and determining the main directions and approaches for their organization.
New technology of ash and slag concretes
- Authors: T. M. Pavlenko
  Pages: 96 - 100
  Abstract: Purpose. Development of scientific-technical bases of manufacture and application of concrete on the basis of ash and slag mixes of thermal power plants. Methods. It is proposed a new technology of preparation of ash and slag concrete mixes. First the ash and slag mix is dispersed through the sieve with meshes 5 mm in a fine-grained fraction and slag. Then, in accordance with the composition of the concrete, obtained fine-grained fraction, slag, cement and tempering water are separately dosed into the mixer. Results. It is proven the high efficiency of the proposed technology of manufacture of ash and slag concretes. It is established that this technological solution allows to increase the strength of concrete by 20...30 %, and in the preparation of full-strength concrete to reduce the cement consumption by 15...20 %. Scientific novelty. It is developed the new technology of ash and slag mixes application. The concrete mix on the basis of ash and slag mix has an optimal particle size distribution, which ensures the best compaction and, accordingly, the greatest strength of ash and slag concrete with the given cement consumption. Practical significance. The research results promote the mass application of ash and slag mixes of thermal power plants in construction, obtaining of products from the proposed concretes of low cost with high physical-mechanical properties. Conclusion. It is proven the high efficiency of the proposed technology of production of ash and slag concretes. It is established that this technological solution allows increasing concrete strength, and obtaining full-strength concrete to reduce cement consumption. The extensive application of such concrete in construction makes it possible to solve the problem of aggregates for concrete, promotes recycling of TPP waste and consequently the protection of the environment.
Development of estimation methods of organizational and technological
reliability level of buildings and structures in projects of
biopher-supporting construction
- Authors: D. O. Chernyshev
  Pages: 101 - 107
  Abstract: The article is devoted to the search of advanced analytical tools and methodical-algorithmic techniques of organizational and technological and stochastic evaluation, risks and threats overcoming during the implementation of biosphere construction projects. The application expediency of theory and methods of wavelet analysis in the study of non-stationary stochastic oscillations of complex spatial structures is substantiated due to the need for more accurate prediction of their dynamic behavior and identification of the structures characteristics in the frequency-time space.
Spatial composition of the park named after I. D. Cherniakhovskyi in Uman
in Cherkasy region
- Authors: Yur. I. Yegorov, V. P. Shlapak
  Pages: 108 - 114
  Abstract: The state of welfare had been analyzed and the measures to the spatial organization of the landscape environment of I. D. Cherniakhovskyi park in Uman in Cherkasy region had been proposed.
Art and architectural analysis of zhydychyn monastery metropolitan house
exterior reconstruction
- Authors: O. O. Lesyk-Bondaruk
  Pages: 115 - 124
  Abstract: This article is dedicated to restoration process of a national monument of architecture - the Metropolitan (archimandrite) House in the village of Zhydychyn, Kivertsi region, Volyn oblast, with the account of planning, constructional, decorative and art characteristics. We analysed the history of construction, existence, deterioration and renaissance of the monastery, the status of an architectural monument as at ХХІ ct. During the study, we have identified the main destruction processes of the metropolitan house facades, identified the optimal ways for restoration, analysed main stages of actual restoration works and their results at this stage. The article also partially touches how the financial problems issue influence the restoration and refurbishment works.
Student’s view on the founding of the city
- Authors: G. I. Lysenko, K. Zhovtopup
  Pages: 125 - 133
  Abstract: Formulation of the problem. Today in Ukraine, we can observe the process of recovery of historical memory at all levels – national, local, personal. Unfortunately, not every resident of our city knows the history of his native land, although it is known that people who do not know their own history, cannot understand the present and build the future. This statement is particularly relevant for today's youth, living in the era of change, to understand which it is necessary to look into the past of their country and city. Analysis of the research. Among the various studies that reveal in detail the early history of the city on the Dnieper River, an important place belongs to works by D. Yavornytsky, S. Revsky, G. Gulyaev, V. Starostin, M. Kavun and others. The purpose of the article is making a comparative analysis of the causes and consequences of two construction projects of Katerynoslav on the Kilchen’ and on the Dnipro. Conclusion. The early history of our city demonstrates that Russian colonization power understood the strategic importance of its location, as there were here from the sixteenth century Ukrainian settlements such as Samar, Old Kodak, New Kodak and more. The Russian concept of building “the third imperial capital" was defeated, as it was being held only on the personal enthusiasm of Catherine II and her favorite Potemkin, but the real development of the city as an industrial center of Dnieper region began only in the late nineteenth century. Rich historical and cultural heritage on the territory of modern city creates excellent conditions for the development of diverse tourism industry, which can direct metropolis life in a new direction.
Experience and problems of formation sports zones of educational
institutions
- Authors: L. M. Kovalsky, I. O. Merylova, D. S. Kravcov
  Pages: 134 - 141
  Abstract: Problem statement. An important role in the general system of physical education of the population is played by sports-mass and physical culture-recreational work at various educational institutions. To date, the existing network of educational institutions for sports education consists, largely, of adapted premises that do not conform to modern urban planning and architectural and planning requirements. During the years of independence, sports base of educational institutions did not receive significant development, which causes the necessity of research in this direction. When improving the sports zones of educational institutions, a number of questions arise, due to the lack of appropriate scientific and conceptual developments and normative parameters. This article is intended to indicate out problematic issues in the normative base and possible directions for their solution. Article’s purpose. To analyze the problem issues concerning the formation of sports zones of educational institutions. To provide variants regarding the calculation of land areas. Conclusions. Taking into account the received data, concerning formation of sports zones of educational institutions, there are a number of problems: inconsistency of existing sports zones of educational institutions to the current normative acts; lack of free spaces for the construction of new and expanding existing sports zones in conditions of intensive urban development, etc. Proposals to improve the sports areas of educational institutions have been given.