Abstract: Silvio Gambino In the present stage of European integration, many questions are raised with regard to both the legal and political issues posited by its evolution, and to its future regarding the overcoming the reasons of the crisis related to the welfare state model. As part of an analysis on the form of the State in the most recent contemporary constitutionalism, the paper proposes a reflection on the problematic nature of the relationship between the guarantee of the principles and constitutional rights at national level, especially social rights, and the primacy of European principles of economic stability. In this framework, moving from the normative conception of constitutionalism, the paper addresses the issues of effectiveness of social rights, highlighting the crisis of the welfare state model in Italian law, and in the European one. The possibility of overcoming such a problematic nature dictates that the EU institutions become aware of the critical state in which they are currently involved, in order to bring about new and more appropriate governance measures suitable to overcome in a less casual way, than it has to date taken place, the reasons for the current crisis. PubDate: Thu, 15 Feb 2017 8:00:00 GMT
Abstract: Luigi Moccia The essay aims to bring attention to the nature of the present European crisis, seen in particular through a vantage and informed observation point as that one offered by the annual State of the Union speeches by the Presidents in office of the European Commission. Coming to fix as the main point of relapse the one represented by the gap, in terms of consistency and credibility, between "process" and "project" of unification, in the face of a growing dissent by citizens with regard to the current (especially political-institutional) European reality. Then pausing to consider anomalies, paradoxes and problems concerning the way in which the Union (formerly Community) came to take shape, on the side of both the methods of action and the relationship between decision-making method and decision-making power. Finally, focusing on the problems to be solved to give the Union a more coherent and recognizable structure as political and legal community, respectful of its own values, fundamental principles and objectives PubDate: Thu, 15 Feb 2017 8:00:00 GMT
Abstract: Ermanno Calzolaio The article deals with the problem of refusal by a national court of last instance to make a reference to the European Court of Justice for a preliminary ruling, without giving adequate reasons or without any reason at all. It examines the possible remedies allowed from EU law , and then concentrates on the judgement of the European Court of Human Rights in Dhahbi v. Italy, recognizing State liability for breach of "due process", in case of refusal without any reason. In the light also of the situation emerging at the level of national legal systems, the need for a change of perspective is argued, aimed to ensure the protection of the right of the European citizen to a correct interpretation of rules of EU law by the European Court of Justice, or at least or, at least, to an adequate explanation of the reasons of the refusal to make a reference for a preliminary ruling by the national judge of last instance. PubDate: Thu, 15 Feb 2017 8:00:00 GMT
Abstract: Giampaolo Gerbasi This paper addresses the main problems related to the controversial nature of the European Union citizenship status, with particular regard to its social dimension. Reconstructing the ECJ jurisprudence on access to social benefits of national welfare systems by different categories of Europeans "mobile citizens" identified by Community secondary legislation, the author highlights the growing tension between the boundaries of national solidarity and the development of case-law of a certain degree of financial solidarity between Member States imposed by the fundamental character of the Union citizenship status. In light of the strong national resistance, the most recent Court of Justice jurisprudence expresses balances between the different involved interests and principles substantially oriented within the scope to safeguard the public finances of the host Member States and the estate of its welfare systems. In this perspective, the analysis of the decisions made in the last three years in relation to so called Europeans "inactive" citizens and to persons no longer hold the status of worker in the host Member States allows the author to detect the negative effects on the level of protection of equal access of EU citizens to national welfare benefits and on the scope of the relevant right to move and reside freely within the territory of the Union. Nevertheless, while stressing the limits of a mainly judicial construction of the inclusive paradigm of European citizenship, for to the author it is difficult to argue that we have already established a consolidated jurisprudential guidelines, which would definitely reaffirm the logic of social integration in host Member States solely in the narrow perspective of "selective" and "merchantable" European citizenship. PubDate: Thu, 15 Feb 2017 8:00:00 GMT
Abstract: Frontini Andrea, Maria Giulia Amadio Viceré In December 2009 the Lisbon Treaty provided a new institutional framework for EU foreign and security policy. This article offers an in-depth study of the ramifications of the post-Lisbon institutional dynamics and of their effects on the governance of the EU Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), with specific attention being paid to the role of the European External Action Service (EEAS). As demonstrated in relation to the functioning of CSDP, the role of the EEAS, established soon after the coming into force of the 2009 legal provisions, is central in this policy field. Still, a dispersion of decision-making power at the vertical and horizontal level has limited its effective participation in the CSDP decision-making process. PubDate: Thu, 15 Feb 2017 8:00:00 GMT
Abstract: Jean Pierre Darnis L’intégration de l’industrie de la sécurité et défense en Europe a souvent été conçue en suivant un filon fonctionnaliste. Comme dans le cas des différents marchés, l’intégration de la défense vise à la fois l’amélioration de la compétitivité mais aussi un effet d’entrainement en ce qui concerne le volet politique : en effet certains considèrent que le secteur de la défense, hautement symbolique, peut être l’objet d’un effort privilégié en matière d’intégration européenne. De plus la décennie 1990 a vu le marché américain se restructurer par le biais d’une série de fusions/acquisitions qui a abouti à la consolidation de grands groupes capable de lutter sur le marché international. Suivant cette logique qui s’appuie sur des notions de masses critiques d’investissements et de technologie, le paradigme de la faiblesse des marchés européens, cloisonnés et fractionnés, a fait florès. C’est dans ce sens que l’on peut par exemple interpréter l’action de la Commission européenne au travers des deux directives « défense » de 2009. Cependant il convient de relativiser ce raisonnement. Non seulement nous pouvons constater une série de contraintes qui tiennent à la souveraineté et au contrôle liés au caractère spécifique des industries de la défense. Mais également les évolutions les plus récentes des marchés et des technologies viennent introduire des logiques nouvelles. C’est le cas par exemple pour les technologies civiles qui sont désormais plus compétitives que celles dites de la « défense » et changent la géographie des acteurs, en particulier pour des secteurs émergents comme la cyber sécurité. C’est également le cas lorsque l’on constate que le seuil d’investissement pour l’entrée dans la production de technologie s’abaisse, et que des échelons que l’on croyait dépassés redeviennent compétitifs. Le secteur spatial offre un cas particulièrement intéressant en la matière, avec l’élément de nouveauté représenté par le « new space » qui cohabite avec des logiques institutionnelles européennes particulièrement fortes et ancrées. PubDate: Thu, 15 Feb 2017 8:00:00 GMT
Abstract: Pirozzi Nicoletta The innovations in the field of foreign, security and defence policy are probably the most relevant of the Lisbon Treaty. Whilst the origin of the majority of these innovations dates back to the Draft Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe of July 2003, their implementation is taking place in a completely different, more uncertain political environment, which has a heavy impact on European integration in general and particularly on the EU’s foreign policy. This article aims to map the main CSDP innovations introduced by the Lisbon Treaty and then analyze their concrete implementation, in order to evaluate both their potential and actual impact. In particular, the article focuses on those provisions that aim at: (1) adapting the EU’s role and interventions to increasingly complex and hybrid security challenges, i.e. the revision and extension of the Petersberg tasks; (2) introducing mechanisms that allow those Member States that are more willing and able to make progress in the defence sector to partially derogate to the unanimity rule, i.e. PESCO and PESCO light; (3) making commitments binding as for mutual defence and solidarity among Member States to react against traditional territorial challenges, i.e. armed aggressions, or new security threats, i.e. terrorist attacks, natural and men-made disasters. The final goal is to assess whether the provisions of the Treaty succeeded in realizing the objective to make CSDP more efficient and coherent, with a view to set the ground for a truly Europeanized security and defence system PubDate: Thu, 15 Feb 2017 8:00:00 GMT
Abstract: Schutz Torben Technological superiority is one of the keys to Western military superiority. Thus, it is important for Europe and the USA to be able to access the most innovative technologies available in both the defence and civilian industry. Due to changes in the global strategic environment and the industrial landscape, all involved actors, from defence companies to defence ministries and armed forces, have to rethink their current approaches to innovation. Emerging powers try to close the technological gap to the West while the innovation leadership is shifting from the defence industry to the civilian industry. This paper analyses some of the challenges related to these shifts. A focus is set on the role of the European Defence Agency, its actions and potential to facilitate a sound European approach to handle technological progress to the benefit of European armed forces and thus European security. PubDate: Thu, 15 Feb 2017 8:00:00 GMT
Subscription journal
[65 journals]
