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International Review of the Red Cross
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.214

Number of Followers: 12

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ISSN (Print) 1816-3831 - ISSN (Online) 1607-5889
Published by Cambridge University Press

[387 journals]

IRC volume 101 issue 911 Cover and Front matter
- PubDate: 2019-08-01T00:00:00.000Z
  DOI: 10.1017/S1816383120000259
  Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 911 (2019)
IRC volume 101 issue 911 Cover and Back matter
- PubDate: 2019-08-01T00:00:00.000Z
  DOI: 10.1017/S1816383120000260
  Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 911 (2019)
Childhood in the crossfire: How to ensure a dignified present and future
for children affected by war
- Authors: Ellen Policinski; Kvitoslava Krotiuk
  Pages: 425 - 435
  PubDate: 2019-08-01T00:00:00.000Z
  DOI: 10.1017/S1816383120000211
  Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 911 (2019)
Interview with Mira Kusumarini
- Pages: 437 - 444
  Abstract: Even during armed conflict and other situations of violence, all children are entitled to their rights and protections as children without distinction based on their age, gender, religion, or whether they are associated with an armed group. Despite this, millions of children in conflict zones face discrimination, ostracization and stigmatization. This is particularly true for children affiliated with groups designated as “terrorist”, who face a range of challenges in reintegrating into society.Civil society can play an important role at the international, regional and domestic levels in helping children formerly associated with armed groups, or otherwise affected by armed conflict, to rejoin communities. Mira Kusumarini is a professional in the peace and security field in Indonesia who works to address the problems of women and children who have been associated with armed groups, and to help them reintegrate them into society. She is the Executive Director of the Coalition of Civil Society Against Violent Extremism (C-SAVE), a collaborative network of civil society organizations.In this interview, she discusses the challenges involved in the reintegration of children who have been associated with extremist groups in Indonesia and the stigma they face, as well as the importance of empathy in helping communities to heal.
  PubDate: 2019-08-01T00:00:00.000Z
  DOI: 10.1017/S181638312000020X
  Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 911 (2019)
Testimonies of former child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of the
Congo
- Pages: 445 - 457
  Abstract: In this issue, the Review has chosen to give a voice to former child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Children recruited by armed groups experience separation from their families, physical and psychological violence, sometimes including sexual exploitation, as well as interruption of their education. Whether they joined an armed group forcibly or by choice, as a fighter or carrying out a different function – every story is unique, reflecting numerous challenges faced by children in these circumstances. The testimonies below reflect children's experiences, the difficulties they have faced and their hopes for a new life. In order to protect them and their relatives, their testimonies have been anonymized.
  PubDate: 2019-08-01T00:00:00.000Z
  DOI: 10.1017/S1816383119000481
  Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 911 (2019)
“This is my story”: Children's war memoirs and challenging
protectionist discourses
- Authors: Helen Berents
  Pages: 459 - 479
  Abstract: Protectionist frames of children as passive, uncomprehending victims characterize the international architecture of responding to children in war. However, stories such as those in children's war memoirs draw attention to the agency and capacity of children to negotiate and navigate distinct traumas and experiences in war. Children experience particular vulnerabilities and risks in conflict zones and their potential as contributors to the solutions to war must also be taken seriously. Children's authoritative voices in memoir writing reveal the limitations of protectionist-dominated approaches and offer a rationale for taking the participatory elements of international humanitarian mechanisms and responses to conflict more seriously. Such a move may help address the comprehensive silencing of children's voices in the institutional architecture concerned with children in war.
  PubDate: 2019-08-01T00:00:00.000Z
  DOI: 10.1017/S1816383120000120
  Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 911 (2019)
Living through war: Mental health of children and youth in
conflict-affected areas
- Authors: Rochelle L. Frounfelker; Nargis Islam, Joseph Falcone, Jordan Farrar, Chekufa Ra, Cara M. Antonaccio, Ngozi Enelamah, Theresa S. Betancourt
  Pages: 481 - 506
  Abstract: Children in armed conflict are frequently deprived of basic needs, psychologically supportive environments, educational and vocational opportunities, and other resources that promote positive psychosocial development and mental health. This article describes the mental health challenges faced by conflict-affected children and youth, the interventions designed to prevent or ameliorate the psychosocial impact of conflict-related experiences, and a case example of the challenges and opportunities related to addressing the mental health needs of Rohingya children and youth.
  PubDate: 2019-08-01T00:00:00.000Z
  DOI: 10.1017/S181638312000017X
  Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 911 (2019)
Born in the twilight zone: Birth registration in insurgent areas
- Authors: Kathryn Hampton
  Pages: 507 - 536
  Abstract: Insurgent groups are registering births in territories which they control, and yet States do not recognize insurgent birth registration, resulting in a legal vacuum with harsh consequences for children. Based on international human rights and humanitarian law provisions related to birth registration, this article argues that insurgent groups have an inherent power to register births in order to fulfil their obligations under international humanitarian law, and that State obligation to ensure the right to recognition as a person under the law should require States to recognize insurgent birth registration in order to prevent harm to children.
  PubDate: 2019-08-01T00:00:00.000Z
  DOI: 10.1017/S1816383120000168
  Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 911 (2019)
The Policy on Children of the ICC Office of the Prosecutor: Toward greater
accountability for crimes against and affecting children
- Authors: Diane Marie Amann
  Pages: 537 - 549
  Abstract: The Policy on Children published by the International Criminal Court (ICC) Office of the Prosecutor in 2016 represents a significant step toward accountability for harms to children in armed conflict and similar situations of extreme violence. This article describes the process that led to the Policy and outlines the Policy's contents. It then surveys relevant ICC practice and related developments, concluding that despite some salutary efforts, much remains to be done to recognize, prevent and punish the spectrum of conflicted-related crimes against or affecting children.
  PubDate: 2019-08-01T00:00:00.000Z
  DOI: 10.1017/S181638312000003X
  Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 911 (2019)
International humanitarian law, Islamic law and the protection of children
in armed conflict
- Authors: Ahmed Al-Dawoody; Vanessa Murphy
  Pages: 551 - 573
  Abstract: This paper compares how rules of international humanitarian law and rules of Islamic law protect children in armed conflict. It examines areas of convergence and divergence, and areas where there is room for clarification between these two legal systems. This comparative exercise spotlights four key topics marking the wartime experience of children: the unlawful recruitment and use of children by armed forces and armed groups, the detention of children, their access to education, and the situation of children separated from their families.
  PubDate: 2019-08-01T00:00:00.000Z
  DOI: 10.1017/S1816383119000560
  Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 911 (2019)
Child marriage in armed conflict
- Authors: Dyan Mazurana; Anastasia Marshak, Kinsey Spears
  Pages: 575 - 601
  Abstract: Eradicating and addressing child marriage in situations of armed conflict requires that stakeholders increase their attention, knowledge, evidence-based protection measures, and resources in a coordinated fashion. To this end, this article examines what constitutes child marriage within the international legal framework. It then presents a concise analysis of what is known about child marriage in development contexts, before moving on to discuss the (limited) state of knowledge on child marriage in humanitarian settings, and the global response. It presents information on different married child populations, including child brides and grooms, girls forcibly married to armed actors, child widows, and child marriage within natural disasters. It concludes with ideas on the information and knowledge that is still needed to inform effective response.
  PubDate: 2019-08-01T00:00:00.000Z
  DOI: 10.1017/S1816383120000156
  Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 911 (2019)
Engaging armed non-State actors on the prohibition of recruiting and using
children in hostilities: Some reflections from Geneva Call's experience
- Authors: Pascal Bongard; Ezequiel Heffes
  Pages: 603 - 621
  Abstract: Despite the existence of a comprehensive international legal framework protecting children in armed conflict, ensuring its respect by armed non-State actors (ANSAs) still remains an important challenge. This can be linked to several circumstances, such as their lack of knowledge of the law, the absence of an incentive to abide by the applicable rules, their fragmented structure and their lack of capacity to implement the applicable framework. Certain practical cases, however, show that ANSAs’ behaviours may vary throughout armed conflicts. While certain groups have, at a given moment, breached some of their international obligations, others have shown some degree of commitment to respecting children's safeguards. When addressing the prohibition of recruiting and using children in hostilities, the reasons behind these variations have remained insufficiently explored. This article reviews some of the lessons learned from Geneva Call's experience when engaging ANSAs towards their compliance with child protection norms.
  PubDate: 2019-08-01T00:00:00.000Z
  DOI: 10.1017/S1816383120000065
  Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 911 (2019)
Taking measures without taking measurements' An insider's reflections
on monitoring the implementation of the African Children's Charter in a
changing context of armed conflict
- Authors: Benyam Dawit Mezmur
  Pages: 623 - 651
  Abstract: The efforts to create a world fit for children, including for those affected by armed conflict, remain a work in progress. Increasingly, regional organizations, prime among them the African Union and its organs, are being asked to play a more meaningful role in pushing for the realization of the rights and protections of children in armed conflict. This piece explores trends and developments in respect of children and armed conflict in Africa, and offers few ideas on how the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, which holds significant promise, can continue to rise to this challenge.
  PubDate: 2019-08-01T00:00:00.000Z
  DOI: 10.1017/S1816383120000041
  Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 911 (2019)
The ICRC's engagement on children in armed conflict and other situations
of violence
- Pages: 653 - 663
  Abstract: The protection of children in war and other situations of violence is enshrined in various bodies of law, and these provide a framework for several International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) activities benefiting children, in particular in areas where the institution has a clear mandate and where vulnerabilities are exacerbated by international humanitarian law (IHL) violations. The activities of the ICRC benefiting children stem from its mandate provided by the 1949 Geneva Conventions and the 1977 Additional Protocols, the Statutes of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and the resolutions of the International Conferences of the Red Cross and Red Crescent. Although the ICRC is not a child protection agency per se and child protection is not a standalone activity for the organization, it makes up a significant part of ICRC's operations, in particular where children's vulnerabilities are exacerbated by the realities of armed conflict. In this conversation with the Review, Monique Nanchen, the ICRC's Global Adviser on Children, explores the multiple efforts being put in place to mainstream child protection into the ICRC's work, and reveals some of the various challenges that come with protection and assistance activities benefiting children affected by conflict and other situations of violence.
  PubDate: 2019-08-01T00:00:00.000Z
  DOI: 10.1017/S1816383119000535
  Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 911 (2019)
Keeping schools safe from the battlefield: Why global legal and policy
efforts to deter the military use of schools matter
- Authors: Bede Sheppard
  Pages: 665 - 684
  Abstract: This article describes how schools are used for military purposes in today's conflicts. It summarizes the latest data on the practice, before explaining how the military use of schools harms students’ and teachers’ safety and impedes students’ right to education. The article concludes by examining the diverse legal and military responses to this practice, and the foundation they lay for the 2015 Safe Schools Declaration and for further action.
  PubDate: 2019-08-01T00:00:00.000Z
  DOI: 10.1017/S1816383119000584
  Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 911 (2019)
Safer cash in conflict: Exploring protection risks and barriers in cash
programming for internally displaced persons in Cameroon and Afghanistan
- Authors: Julie Freccero; Audrey Taylor, Joanna Ortega, Zabihullah Buda, Paschal Kum Awah, Alexandra Blackwell, Ricardo Pla Cordero, Eric Stover
  Pages: 685 - 713
  Abstract: As cash increasingly becomes an essential part of humanitarian assistance, it is critical that practitioners are aware of, and work to mitigate, exposure to protection risks among the most vulnerable recipients. This article presents findings from qualitative research exploring protection risks and barriers that arise in cash programming for internally displaced persons at high risk of violence and exploitation in Cameroon and Afghanistan. The authors conclude with recommendations for mainstreaming global protection principles into cash programmes, as well as key considerations for designing and implementing cash programmes in ways that minimize existing risks of harm and avoid creating new ones.
  PubDate: 2019-08-01T00:00:00.000Z
  DOI: 10.1017/S1816383120000119
  Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 911 (2019)
Lex+Innocentium+(697+AD):+Adomnán+of+Iona+–+father+of+Western+
jus+in+bello&rft.title=International+Review+of+the+Red+Cross&rft.issn=1816-3831&rft.date=2019&rft.volume=101&rft.spage=715&rft.epage=735&rft.aulast=Houlihan&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=James+W.+Houlihan&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017/S1816383120000089">Lex Innocentium (697 AD): Adomnán of Iona – father of Western jus in
bello
- Authors: James W. Houlihan
  Pages: 715 - 735
  Abstract: This article is concerned with an Irish law dating from 697 AD, called Lex Innocentium or the Law of the Innocents. It is also known as Cáin Adomnáin, being named after Adomnán (d. 704), ninth Abbot of Iona, who was responsible for its drafting and promulgation. The law was designed to offer legislative protection to women, children, clerics and other non-arms-bearing people, primarily, though not exclusively, in times of conflict. Today, the laws of war fall into two categories: those attempting to regulate when it is lawful or just to go to war, now called jus ad bellum, and those attempting to limit the awful effects of war by stipulating how it should be properly conducted (for instance, in providing for non-combatant immunity), now called jus in bello. By proscribing the killing and injuring of non-arms-bearing people, Lex Innocentium is an in bello law, and by virtue of its being the first known such law, Adomnán, its author, is the father of Western jus in bello.
  PubDate: 2019-08-01T00:00:00.000Z
  DOI: 10.1017/S1816383120000089
  Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 911 (2019)
Deciphering the landscape of international humanitarian law in the
Asia-Pacific
- Authors: Suzannah Linton
  Pages: 737 - 770
  Abstract: The 70th anniversary of the adoption of the Geneva Conventions on 12 August 1949 provided an opportunity for reflection on international humanitarian law (IHL). This article continues that reflection and presents some fresh scholarship about and from the Asia-Pacific region. The region's plurality leads to a complex and diverse landscape where there is no single “Asia-Pacific perspective on IHL” but there are instead many approaches and trajectories. This fragmented reality is, however, not a mess of incoherence and contradiction. In the following pages, the author argues for and justifies the following assessments. The first is that the norm of humanity in armed conflict, which underpins IHL, has deep roots in the region. This, to some extent, explains why there is no conceptual resistance to IHL, in the way that exists with the human rights doctrine. The second is that there has been meaningful participation of certain States from the region in IHL law-making. Thirdly, some Asia-Pacific States are among those actively contributing to the development of new or emerging areas relevant to IHL, such as outer space, cyberspace and the protection of the environment in armed conflict. This leads to the unavoidable issue of contradiction. How is it that in a region where such findings can be made (i.e., where there is discernible positivity towards the norm of humanity in armed conflict), there are so many armed conflicts with very serious IHL violations emerging' Should we reflect in a more nuanced way on “norm internalization” and “root causes”' These issues will be considered in the second section of the article. This examination leads to a third and final section, a concluding reflection on what all of this reveals about IHL in the Asia-Pacific. The real challenge for progressive humanitarianism, the author contends, is to traverse disciplines and to build on work done in, on and from the region in order to develop more informed and nuanced approaches to understanding the countries and societies of the region, moving on to study the process of norm internalization, and then developing creative and meaningful strategies for strengthening the links between that internalization, actual conduct on the ground, and norm socialization in the wider community.
  PubDate: 2019-08-01T00:00:00.000Z
  DOI: 10.1017/S1816383120000107
  Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 911 (2019)
Medical care in armed conflict: Perpetrator discourse in historical
perspective
- Authors: Duncan McLean
  Pages: 771 - 803
  Abstract: Although the Geneva Conventions have been successively revised since 1864, norms regarding the protection of medical care have been frequently disregarded. Despite current claims of international humanitarian law in crisis, comparing historic levels of violations with contemporary incidents is quantitatively challenging. Reviewing past reactions and justifications used by perpetrators of attacks on medical care can, however, be revealing. Based on a series of emblematic cases, qualitative analysis of perpetrator discourse can contribute to a better understanding of why the protection of medical care in armed conflict continues to be problematic to this day, notably through the rationales given for attacks, which have remained remarkably consistent over time.
  PubDate: 2019-08-01T00:00:00.000Z
  DOI: 10.1017/S1816383120000016
  Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 911 (2019)
What's new in law and case law around the world' Protection of
children in armed conflict
- Pages: 805 - 828
  Abstract: The ICRC's Advisory Service on International Humanitarian Law aims to provide a systematic and proactive response to efforts to enhance the national implementation of international humanitarian law. Working worldwide, through a network of legal advisers, to supplement and support governments’ own resources, its four priorities are: (i) to encourage and support adherence to IHL-related treaties; (ii) to assist States by providing them with specialized legal advice and the technical expertise required to incorporate IHL into their domestic legal frameworks; (iii) to collect and facilitate the exchange of information on national implementation measures and case law; and (iv) to support the work of committees on IHL and other entities established to facilitate the IHL implementation process.
  PubDate: 2019-08-01T00:00:00.000Z
  DOI: 10.1017/S1816383120000132
  Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 911 (2019)
33rd International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, Geneva,
9-12 December 2019 People not politics: Reflections on the 33rd
International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent
- Pages: 829 - 835
  Abstract: The International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent (International Conference) is the supreme deliberative body of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (the Movement). Established in 1867, it is a global forum that highlights the privileged dialogue and relationship between the components of the Movement (namely the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), and 191 National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (National Societies)) and States Parties to the Geneva Conventions. Together, these bodies examine and decide upon humanitarian matters of common interest and any other related matters.
  PubDate: 2019-08-01T00:00:00.000Z
  DOI: 10.1017/S1816383120000193
  Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 911 (2019)
Resolutions
- Pages: 837 - 868
  Abstract: Implementation of the Memorandum of Understanding and Agreement on Operational Arrangements dated 28 November 2005 between Magen David Adom in Israel and the Palestine Red Crescent Society
  PubDate: 2019-08-01T00:00:00.000Z
  DOI: 10.1017/S1816383120000090
  Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 911 (2019)
International humanitarian law and the challenges of contemporary armed
conflicts: Recommitting to protection in armed conflict on the 70th
anniversary of the Geneva Conventions
- Pages: 869 - 949
  Abstract: This is the fifth report on international humanitarian law (IHL) and the challenges of contemporary armed conflicts prepared by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) for the International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent (International Conference). Similar reports were submitted to the International Conferences held in 2003, 2007, 2011 and 2015. The aim of all these reports is to provide an overview of some of the challenges posed by contemporary armed conflicts for IHL; generate broader reflection on those challenges; and outline current or prospective ICRC action, positions, and areas of interest.
  PubDate: 2019-08-01T00:00:00.000Z
  DOI: 10.1017/S1816383119000523
  Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 911 (2019)
International+Humanitarian+Law:+Rules,+Controversies,+and+Solutions+to+Problems+Arising+in+Warfare+Marco+Sassòli+*&rft.title=International+Review+of+the+Red+Cross&rft.issn=1816-3831&rft.date=2019&rft.volume=101&rft.spage=951&rft.epage=958&rft.aulast=Corn&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft.au=Geoffrey+S.+Corn&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017/S1816383119000596">International Humanitarian Law: Rules, Controversies, and Solutions to
Problems Arising in Warfare Marco Sassòli *
- Authors: Geoffrey S. Corn
  Pages: 951 - 958
  PubDate: 2019-08-01T00:00:00.000Z
  DOI: 10.1017/S1816383119000596
  Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 911 (2019)
International+Law’s+Objects+Jessie+Hohmann+and+Daniel+Joyce+(eds)*&rft.title=International+Review+of+the+Red+Cross&rft.issn=1816-3831&rft.date=2019&rft.volume=101&rft.spage=959&rft.epage=963&rft.aulast=Mohr&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft.au=Charlotte+Mohr&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017/S1816383120000144">International Law’s Objects Jessie
Hohmann and Daniel Joyce (eds)*
- Authors: Charlotte Mohr
  Pages: 959 - 963
  PubDate: 2019-08-01T00:00:00.000Z
  DOI: 10.1017/S1816383120000144
  Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 911 (2019)