JournalTOCs

Uniform Law Review
Number of Followers: 4

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 1124-3694 - ISSN (Online) 2050-9065
Published by Oxford University Press

[412 journals]

Éditorial
- Pages: 2 - 3
  Abstract: Le 10 mai 2019, en conclusion de la 98e session du Conseil de Direction d’Unidroit, des membres du Groupe de travail pour la préparation de Principes du droit des contrats de réassurance, les Professeurs Helmut Heiss et Diana Cerini ainsi que MM. Lari Kuitunen et Eberhard Witthoff, ces derniers en tant que représentants du secteur de la réassurance, ont présenté les Principes finalisés. Le projet a débuté en juillet 2015 quand le Secrétariat a été contacté par un groupe de chercheurs et de juristes praticiens dirigé par le Professeur Anton K. Schnyder et le Professeur Helmut Heiss (Université de Zurich, en tant que « Chef de file »), le Professeur Martin Schauer (Université de Vienne) et le Professeur Manfred Wandt (Université de Francfort), qui examine la faisabilité de formuler des « Principes de droit des contrats de réassurance » (PRICL). Cette initiative s’est inspirée des travaux du groupe chargé du projet de « Redéfinition du droit régissant le contrat d’assurance européen » qui a conduit à la publication sur les Principes du droit européen du contrat d’assurance (PDECA). Ce projet avait pour objectif de formuler une « redéfinition » du droit de la réassurance existant, qui est largement ancré dans la coutume et l’usage international, mais fait rarement l’objet d’une législation. Les présentations sont publiées dans ce numéro de la Revue de droit uniforme.
  PubDate: Sun, 31 May 2020 00:00:00 GMT
  DOI: 10.1093/ulr/unaa010
  Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 1 (2020)
The Principles of Reinsurance Contract Law: an optional instrument of
transnational reinsurance law
- Authors: Heiss H.
  Pages: 4 - 20
  PubDate: Sat, 09 May 2020 00:00:00 GMT
  DOI: 10.1093/ulr/unaa002
  Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 1 (2020)
Duties and remedies in the Principles of International Commercial
Contracts (PICC) and the Principles of Reinsurance Contract Law (PRICL):
notes for a comparison
- Authors: Cerini D.
  Pages: 21 - 44
  Abstract: I. Reinsurance in the global landscape: risks of legal uncertainty and the case for an optional law; II. Relation between the Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) and the Principles of Reinsurance Contract Law (PRICL); III. Contractual duties in the PICC and PRICL; IV. Remedies; V. Conclusion.
  PubDate: Tue, 14 Apr 2020 00:00:00 GMT
  DOI: 10.1093/ulr/unaa001
  Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 1 (2020)
Principles of Reinsurance Contract Law Project: enhancing the value of
reinsurance cover—viewpoint of an industry practitioner
- Authors: Kuitunen L.
  Pages: 45 - 56
  Abstract: This short article discusses the benefits of the Principles of Reinsurance Contract Law project (PRICL) from an insurance industry perspective. The scope is fairly limited, in that this article focuses on changes in the regime of remedies available for contractual breach, particularly for pre-contractual non-disclosure, as well describing the underlying legal uncertainty when relying on industry custom as a source of law in reinsurance. In both of these areas, the PRICL stand to bring improvements to the industry, some dimensions of which are discussed in greater detail in this article by first describing a simple framework for value generation of reinsurance, where reduction in operational risks and lighter regime of remedies (proportional to the severity of the breach of duty), particularly in situations of pre-contractual non-disclosure, reduce the risk of reinsurance covers not responding at a time of need. This improves the certainty of cover and, ultimately, the value of reinsurance covers.
  PubDate: Mon, 06 Apr 2020 00:00:00 GMT
  DOI: 10.1093/ulr/unaa003
  Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 1 (2020)
Principles of Reinsurance Contract Law: The Reinsurer’s Perspective
- Authors: Witthoff E.
  Pages: 57 - 66
  Abstract: The global economic impact of reinsurance has increased significantly in recent years, leading to a desire for more certainty in the legal interpretation of reinsurance contracts as the number of disputes increases. Reinsurance contract wordings are not regulated by any overarching statutory law or regulations, in part due to the transnational nature of most reinsurance business. Additionally, reinsurance contracts have historically been interpreted by applying only general principles of contract law and good faith obligations with a heavy emphasis on the parties practice, usage and custom. This has led to significant uncertainty with respect to reinsurance disputes. The Principles of Reinsurance Contract Law (PRICL), published in 2019, aim to bring certainty to reinsurance contracts by improving wordings and developing widely accepted rules of interpretation.
  PubDate: Sat, 23 May 2020 00:00:00 GMT
  DOI: 10.1093/ulr/unaa004
  Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 1 (2020)
Replacement of non-conforming goods ‘free of charge’: is there a need
to differentiate between B2B and B2C sales contracts'
- Authors: Atamer Y.
  Pages: 67 - 91
  Abstract: The buyer’s right to request replacement of any non-conforming goods is today a standard remedy in many jurisdictions. This development was also influenced by the widespread effect of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) and the Council Directive (EC) 1999/44 on consumer sales, which both grant the buyer a right to replacement. However, some questions related to the requirement that replacement has to be ‘free of charge’ continue to be disputed under both legal systems, as well as under the newly introduced Council Directive (EC) 2019/22 on consumer sales. This article intends to discuss how the term ‘free of charge’ is being interpreted in business-to-business as well as in business-to-consumer sales contracts and whether there is any need to differentiate between the two types of sales contracts.
  PubDate: Thu, 21 May 2020 00:00:00 GMT
  DOI: 10.1093/ulr/unaa005
  Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 1 (2020)
La ratification de la Convention du Cap et de son Protocole ferroviaire :
la délicate alchimie du choix des déclarations (ou du bon usage du
sur-mesure d’un point de vue français)
- Authors: Riffard J .
  Pages: 92 - 108
  Abstract: In order not to lag behind a movement already widely engaged at the international level and to benefit from the advantages of an instrument whose success is well established, France is considering ratifying very soon the Cape Town Convention and its Luxemburg Rail Protocol. While such a decision can be enthusiastically approved, this ratification, which does not rise any major legal difficulties, will nevertheless lead the French authorities to examine the often neglected but very important in practice, issue of declarations. We know that the Convention is not a full “one-size-fits-all” instrument, and that adaptation to national legal contexts and traditions is, in some sensitive areas, necessary. This study proposes to consider the declarations that France might or might not have to make under the CTC and the Rail Protocol and the challenges that are attached to these choices.
  PubDate: Fri, 10 Apr 2020 00:00:00 GMT
  DOI: 10.1093/ulr/unaa009
  Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 1 (2020)
L’inscription de l’hypothèque en droit des
sûretés OHADA
- Authors: Moutil F.
  Pages: 109 - 124
  Abstract: L’inscription peut-elle être perçue comme une condition de validité de l’hypothèque ' L’acte uniforme donne une réponse imprécise. Aux termes de l’article 206 de l’AUS, « Tant que l’inscription n’est pas faite, l’acte d’hypothèque est inopposable aux tiers et constitue, entre les parties, une promesse synallagmatique qui les oblige à procéder à la publicité ». L’examen de cette disposition laisse voir qu’au-delà du rôle de publicité assigné à l’inscription hypothécaire, le législateur OHADA tend à faire aussi de l’inscription une condition implicite de validité de l’hypothèque en considérant l’hypothèse comme étant une promesse synallagmatique en l’absence de l’inscription, ce d’autant qu’en l’absence d’inscription de l’hypothèque consentie, le créancier reste chirographaire. Une telle ambivalence de l’article 206 de l’AUS pourrait être, non seulement sujette à de nombreux contentieux, mais aussi à l’origine du détournement de l’objet de l’inscription. Pour se prémunir de tout ceci, la meilleure approche pour le législateur OHADA pourrait consister en la réécriture de l’article 206 de l’AUS afin de lever toute équivoque sur la nature de l’inscription qui demeure avant tout une exigence de publicité et non une condition de formation de la convention d’hypothèque en l’absence de laquelle la convention d’hypothèque est nulle entre le créancier bénéficiaire d’hypothèque et le constituant.Mots-clés: Inscription, hypothèque, garantie immobilière, sûreté, droit OHADA Can registration be seen as a condition of validity of the mortgage' The uniform act gives an imprecise answer. According to Article 206 of the AUS, “As long as the mortgage deed is not registered, it shall not be binding on third parties and shall constitute to the parties thereto an exchange of promises which shall impose on them the obligation to have the deed registered” The review of this provision shows that beyond the advertising role assigned to mortgage registration, the OHADA legislator also tends to make the registration an implied term of validity of the mortgage by considering the hypothesis as being a synallagmatic promise in the absence of registration, especially since in the absence of registration of the hypothec granted, the creditor remains unsecured. Such an equivalence of Article 206 of the UAS could be not only subject to many litigations, but also to the misappropriation of the object of registration. To guard against all this, the best approach for the OHADA legislator could be to rewrite Article 206 of the UAS to remove any ambiguity about the nature of the listing, which remains primarily a requirement for publicity, not a formal condition of the mortgage agreement in the absence of which the mortgage agreement is void between the mortgage beneficiary and the grantor.
  PubDate: Fri, 10 Apr 2020 00:00:00 GMT
  DOI: 10.1093/ulr/unaa008
  Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 1 (2020)
Cybersecurity regulation in the financial sector: prospects of legal
harmonization in the European Union and beyond
- Authors: Didenko A.
  Pages: 125 - 167
  Abstract: Over the past several years, the cybersecurity regulatory landscape has undergone unprecedented change. Bespoke cybersecurity laws and regulations have replaced pre-existing general risk management and business continuity rules in a number of jurisdictions, including the European Union, Hong Kong, Russia, the USA, and Singapore. Cybersecurity has also become the focus of international rules and recommendations adopted by numerous international organizations. The financial sector lies at the centre of the new regulatory initiatives—which, in the absence of an agreed international approach, vary substantially across jurisdictions. This article analyses these emerging legal frameworks by (i) conducting a comparative study of the novel cybersecurity regulations in finance; (ii) identifying the common features of such frameworks; and (iii) assessing the prospect of their harmonization at an international level. It argues that international harmonization in this area is necessary to overcome the underlying regulatory challenges and outlines the scope of rules amenable, first, to initial (de minimis) and, second, subsequent (more expansive) harmonization. The article concludes with a list of main upcoming challenges in designing and harmonizing cybersecurity regulations in finance and practical recommendations for overcoming them.
  PubDate: Sat, 11 Apr 2020 00:00:00 GMT
  DOI: 10.1093/ulr/unaa006
  Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 1 (2020)
The CMR in the practice of Latvian courts
- Authors: Fillers A.
  Pages: 168 - 201
  Abstract: The Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road (CMR) is one of the most successful unifications of private law. However, as more States ratify the Convention, there are more courts with different legal backgrounds and differing levels of preparedness to face the challenge of applying the CMR. Even for the most advanced adjudicators, the application of the CMR is not always a simple task as there remain ambiguities about its content that divide scholars and practitioners. However, some jurisdictions are much less integrated in these debates, and this has obvious effects on their courts and the way the CMR is applied. The purpose of this article is to familiarize readers with the practice of Latvian courts applying the CMR. The CMR has a rather impressive presence in Latvian jurisprudence in terms of quantity. At the same time, courts apply it in an isolated manner, rarely consulting any doctrinal sources and never drawing inspiration from foreign case law. As a result, some of the solutions offered by Latvian courts seem extremely detached from the ‘internationally accepted’ understanding of the CMR. In fact, even simple legal questions often receive unexpected and, unfortunately, incorrect solutions. Nevertheless, some of the issues raised in these decisions are genuinely difficult to resolve and, therefore, could be useful for other jurisdictions.
  PubDate: Wed, 08 Apr 2020 00:00:00 GMT
  DOI: 10.1093/ulr/unaa007
  Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 1 (2020)