Authors:Deedar Ahmed, Abdullah Khan, Zulfiqar Ali, Daulat Khan, Ihsan Ullah Afridi Pages: 20 - 29 Abstract: Pakistan, like many other developing countries has adopted the integration of environmental concerns in its social and economic planning. Pakistan has developed some environmental legislation and policies at the national level for the protection and conservation of environment. This paper evaluates the current status of the environmental assessment system in Pakistan and especially in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province by using the Christopher Wood Evaluation Model. The EIA system in Pakistan has many strong features like the legal basis for assessment process, strong apprehension and willingness for screening and scoping, stakeholder’s involvement and participation, mitigation of impacts, and cost & benefits of EIA system. The limitations found in the assessment process of Pakistan includes Preparation of EIA report and its review, monitoring and auditing, strategic environmental assessment, while consideration of alternatives and decision making mechanisms are completely ignored. Besides these, the study revealed the practice of ineffective remedial measures, non-professional, inexperience and unregistered consultants involved in the environmental assessment and sporadically the politically oriented decision making process. This evaluation led to a series of suggestions regarding the improvement of EIA system in Pakistan and especially KP Province with a view to develop its quality and effectiveness. PubDate: 2018-03-08 DOI: 10.14419/ijbas.v7i2.7536 Issue No:Vol. 7, No. 2 (2018)
Authors:Sampson K. P. CHEA, Terrance Paye Pages: 30 - 34 Abstract: In developing nations of the world 80% of all diseases and over 30% of death are related to drinking water. Drinking water may become contaminated during collection, handling, storage and use. Since the introduction of factory based water, their consumptions have increased severely in Liberia. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the physiochemical and bacteriological parameters of sachet water brands sold in Central Monrovia in order to ascertain whether they conform to recommended standards of portable drinking-water by the World Health Organization (WHO). This study made used of random sampling. Six samples of seven brands of sachet water were purchased randomly from provision shops. The samples were transported to the National Standards Laboratory for physiochemical and bacteriological analyses. Physiochemical parameters such as calcium, fluoride, iron, lead, turbidity and pH were checked, while Total Viable Count, coliform, and Escherichia were checked as bacteriological parameters. The calcium level of the samples ranged from 4.60 – 17.8 Mg/L. All the samples had 0.00 Mg/L of fluoride. The iron level of the samples ranged from 0.11 – 0.39 Mg/L. The lead level of the samples ranged from 0.21 – 0.36 Mg/L. The pH range of the samples was from 7.00 – 7.01. The turbidity of the samples ranged from 0.00 – 3.74 NTU. Six of the samples showed to have 0.00 NTU for turbidity. Only sample 6 had value for turbidity. The level of turbidity measured 3.47 NTU. Sample 1, 2, 5 and 7 had no trace of viable count, coliform and Escherichia while sample 3, 4 and 6 show traces of viable count, coliform and Escherichia. Samples with Total Viable Count far above 0 Cfu/mL are considered unfit for portability. There were coliform and Escherichia detected in some samples, thereby making these samples not palatable. All of the samples had concentration of calcium. All of the samples had pH and fluoride that are in range with the reference standards of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Ministry of Health (MOH). All of the samples had lead and iron that were out of range of the reference standards. All of the samples showed a turbidity of 0.00 NTU except sample 3 which had turbidity of 3.74 NTU. PubDate: 2018-03-08 DOI: 10.14419/ijbas.v7i2.9257 Issue No:Vol. 7, No. 2 (2018)
Authors:Sampson K. P. CHEA, DEAN Andrew P. Pages: 35 - 38 Abstract: Water pollution can be defined in many ways. Usually, it means one or more substances have built up in water to such an extent that they cause problems for animals or people. The objectives of this study were to determine the causes and effects of Water pollution in Soniwein Community and to determine whether the cases of water borne diseases can be attributed to unsafe and contaminated water in Soniwein Community as well as to come up with interventional strategies by which water pollution can be mitigated in the Soniwein Community. This research employed the cross sectional survey design. Field interviews were done by close-ended questionnaires, including health workers at Soniwein Community Clinic. Water samples were randomly collected and microbiological and chemical tests were conducted at the National Standards Lab to determined contamination by microbes and physical quality of the water respectively Samples were randomly collected from the Soniwein community and tested The microbiological test reveals a rejection in total viable count for Well 1, [2], [3] & [4], N/A in Yeasts & Mold, for Well 1, 2, 3, 4, detection of E. Coli in Well 1, 2, 3 & 4. The results of the chemical test reveals the iron content of Well [1-3] to be in acceptable range while that of well 4 was out of acceptable range; the chloride content of Well [1-4] were all in acceptable range; the pH values for Well 1, 2, 3 & 4 were all in normal rang; Well 1, 2, & 3 were all in acceptable turbidity range while that of well 4 showed a deviant. Water pollution in the Soniwein Community is caused by several factors such poor sanitation, improper disposal of domestic wastes and the effects lead to water- borne diseases such as Typhoid, Diarrhea and dysentery, and infants between the ages of 0-2 years are mostly affected. PubDate: 2018-04-29 DOI: 10.14419/ijbas.v7i2.10230 Issue No:Vol. 7, No. 2 (2018)
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