Pages: 5 - 13 Abstract: COSMOS, Volume 12, Issue 01, Page 5-13, May 2016. NTU Earth Observatory of Singapore Leads Study that Warns of Possible Flooding to Coastlines Across Southeast Asia Generating Climate Change Rainfall Scenarios for Singapore: A Tale of Scale Citation: COSMOS PubDate: 2017-05-12T06:00:13Z DOI: 10.1142/S0219607716710014 Issue No:Vol. 12, No. 01 (2017)
Authors:JANI THUAIBAH ISA TANZIL, ABIGAYLE PEK KAYE NG, YI QING TEY, BEVERLY HSIN YI TAN, ERIC YAO YUN, DANWEI HUANG Pages: 15 - 27 Abstract: COSMOS, Volume 12, Issue 01, Page 15-27, May 2016. The symbiosis between corals and Symbiodinium dinoflagellates is considered a major driver of the distribution and health of reefs worldwide. This study investigated the genetic identities and diversity of Symbiodinium in seven coral species (Porites lutea, Porites lobata, Acropora millepora, Merulina ampliata, Diploastrea heliopora, Pachyseris speciosa, Pocillopora acuta) from three shallow reefs around Singapore (Kusu Island, Pulau Tekukor, Pulau Satumu). Analyses of 31 colonies using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer region indicated the dominance of C and D Symbiodinium clades. The latter clade was the predominant symbiont in Pachyseris speciosa collected from Pulau Tekukor but those sampled from Pulau Satumu hosted C27, providing evidence for variable symbiosis in this species. The prevalence of the D clade – noted for their stress tolerance (e.g. to elevated temperatures and sedimentation) – in three of seven coral species examined could underlie the importance of this particular symbiotic relationship for the persistence of Singapore’s impacted reefs. Further characterisation of Symbiodinium communities may provide insights into corals’ response to stress and their bleaching patterns in the future. Citation: COSMOS PubDate: 2017-02-27T03:27:23Z DOI: 10.1142/S0219607716500014 Issue No:Vol. 12, No. 01 (2017)
Authors:PAUL P. S. TENG, JONATAN LASSA, MELY CABALLERO-ANTHONY Pages: 29 - 42 Abstract: COSMOS, Volume 12, Issue 01, Page 29-42, May 2016. Human consumption of fish has been trending upwards in the past decades and this is projected to continue. The main sources of fish are from wild fisheries (marine and freshwater) and aquaculture. Climate change is anticipated to affect the availability of fish through its effect on these two sources as well as on supply chain processes such as storage, transport, processing and retail. Climate change is known to result in warmer and more acid oceans. Ocean acidification due to higher CO2 concentration levels at sea modifies the distribution of phytoplankton and zooplankton to affect wild, capture fisheries. Higher temperature causes warm-water coral reefs to respond with species replacement and bleaching, leading to coral cover loss and habitat loss. Global changes in climatic systems may also cause fish invasion, extinction and turnover. While this may be catastrophic for small scale fish farming in poor tropical communities, there are also potential effects on animal protein supply shifts at local and global scales with food security consequences. This paper discusses the potential impacts of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture in the Asian Pacific region, with special emphasis on Southeast Asia. The key question to be addressed is “What are the impacts of global climate change on global fish harvests and what does it mean to the availability of fish'” Citation: COSMOS PubDate: 2017-02-21T09:24:12Z DOI: 10.1142/S0219607716500026 Issue No:Vol. 12, No. 01 (2017)
Authors:ENDRE TVINNEREIM, ERICK LACHAPELLE, CHRISTOPHER BORICK Pages: 43 - 55 Abstract: COSMOS, Volume 12, Issue 01, Page 43-55, May 2016. The challenges of collective action are presented by leaders in many industrialized countries as a major obstacle to effective action on climate change. Notably, the argument goes, a fair international solution must appropriately constrain large greenhouse gas emitters like China. This paper asks whether citizen support for multilateral climate policies also depends on whether other countries are seen to reciprocate. We analyze results from population-based survey experiments in the US, Canada, Norway, and Sweden, asking subjects whether they think their country should commit internationally to emission reductions. Randomly assigned sub-samples were presented with statements suggesting that China may or may not choose to cooperate, or alternatively making no mention of China. We find that reciprocity is important to respondents in the smaller Scandinavian countries but not in North America. These findings suggest that country size is more important than national traditions of multilateral cooperation in predicting support for unilateral climate action. Citation: COSMOS PubDate: 2017-03-13T09:53:55Z DOI: 10.1142/S0219607716500038 Issue No:Vol. 12, No. 01 (2017)
Authors:FANQI ZENG, WENXU WANG, JIANG ZHANG Pages: 57 - 68 Abstract: COSMOS, Volume 12, Issue 01, Page 57-68, May 2016. Climate change has caught great attention. Ecological systems co-evolve with climate systems, thus, understanding the intrinsic dynamics of ecological systems is of paramount importance for exploring and predicting climate change. Food chains, as a systematic and simplistic model, have been a paradigm for investigating the long-term evolution of ecological systems in virtue of the dynamical analysis on the inter-play between the topology and the dynamical processes occurring in a food chain. We build a food chain model by considering energy exchanges among species, which is characterized by using population dynamical equations. We will compare our model with existing food chain models based on sufficiently empirical data. Our work is expected to be able to quantitatively capture and describe the interactions among species with respect to energy exchange, then deepen the understanding of ecological systems and their coevolution with climate change. Citation: COSMOS PubDate: 2017-04-07T06:14:46Z DOI: 10.1142/S021960771650004X Issue No:Vol. 12, No. 01 (2017)
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