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International Journal of Statistics in Medical Research
Number of Followers: 5

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Online) 1929-6029
Published by Lifescience Global

[18 journals]

Adverse Event Risk Assessment on Patients Receiving Combination
Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa
- Authors: Bernard Oguna Omolo; Peter Mungai Njuho
  Abstract: Purpose: To determine the risk factors for the development of serious adverse events (AEs) in black adult patients on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART).Methods: This prospective cohort study consisted of 368 adult black HIV positive patients receiving cART at the Grey’s Hospital, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Patients were intensively monitored for incidence of adverse events and the factors associated with their development, under the Antiretroviral Cohort Adverse Event Monitoring in KwaZulu-Natal (ACADEMIK). Multiple logistic regression models were used to identify the risk factors for AEs.Results: A total of 406 AEs were reported across the 13 patient hospital visits in the study. Peripheral neuropathy was the most prevalent adverse event (16%), followed by hypercholesterolaemia (14%), lipoatrophy/lipodystrophy (13%) and skin reaction (11%). Cluster differentiation (CD4) counts (p = 0.0280), age (p = 0.0227) and weight (p = 0.0017) were identified as the significant predictors for hypercholesterolaemia, while sex (p = 0.0309) was significant with respect to skin reaction. CD4 counts (p=0.0200) was also significant for lipoatrophy/lipodystrophy. Skin reaction (23%), diarrhea (18%), hypercholesterolaemia (15%), thrombocytopenia (15%) and peripheral neuropathy (13%) were the top five most incident AEs. Overall, about 46% of the regimens administered were tenofovir-based and 31% zidovudine-based.Conclusions: To enhance the prevention of hypercholesterolaemia, lipoatrophy/lipodystrophy and skin reaction among black adult HIV positive patients on cART, we recommend that CD4 counts and weight be closely monitored and documented during clinic visits.
  PubDate: Tue, 03 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +000
Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Estimation of Repeatability Index:
Application of Estimating Ratio of Variance Components
- Authors: Maha Al-Eid; Mohamed M. Shoukri
  Abstract: An index of repeatability is constructed to evaluate the relative magnitude of measurement error. This index is constructed as a ratio of two variance components. Estimation of the index is derived under the one-way random effects model. We compare the well-known maximum likelihood estimator to the Bayesian estimation procedure using non-informative prior. Large sample variance of the of the maximum likelihood estimator are obtained using the inverse of Fisher’s information matrix and the delta method. Inference procedure using the. We also construct a test statistic on the equality of two repeatability indices using the Monte Carlo integration and sampling Importance re-sampling method. We illustrate the methodologies on the estimation of the index of repeatability of Gamma-glutamyl-transferase, an enzyme found in many organs all over the human body, with the highest concentrations found in the liver. This enzyme’s level is raised in the blood in most diseases that cause damage to the liver or bile ducts and is considered an essential serum marker for alcohol-related liver disease.
  PubDate: Tue, 04 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +000

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