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Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research
Number of Followers: 1

This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 1596-6941
Published by African Journals Online

[261 journals]

Sleep deprivation and coffee consumption induced changes in blood
pressure, body mass index and blood glucose in male Wistar albino rats
- Authors: D.E. Ehichioya, T.O. Oyesola, Y.A. Oyesiji, O.A. Oyesola, I.B. Kukoyi
  Abstract: Intentional restriction of sleep is progressively high and common among those experiencing environmental/psychological stress due to work demands, abnormal working hours and psychiatric/physical disorders in developing and developed industrialized societies. Deficiency of sleep have its several concerns, amongst which include increased prevalence of disease risks and mortality. 30 adult rats were randomly divided into six groups with sleep deprivation (SD) (using multiple platform method) and coffee administration for 30 days after 2 weeks of acclimatization: A (control), B (SD only), C (416.75ml/kg coffee), D (833.50ml/kg coffee), E (SD + 416.75ml/kg coffee) and E (SD + 833.50ml/kg coffee). Blood pressure was determined by cannulation of carotid artery using pressure transducer and a polygraph. Glucose concentration was determined after enzymatic oxidation and BMI calculated using rat weights' and lengths'. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was significantly increased in groups B, D, E and F compared to control. Blood glucose demonstrated a significant reduction in groups B, C, D, E and F compared to control. SD rats had a significant decrease in BMI compared to control while groups C, D, E and F were significantly increased compared to B. Reduction in glucose across the treatment groups could indicate an improved glucose tolerance, no insulin resistance. Also, increased energy expenditure, may explain the reduction in BMI in high and low doses of coffee + SD groups and increase in MAP. SD + coffee induced stress may aide in the prevention of obesity, type 2 diabetics although the significant increase in MAP.Keywords: Sleep Deprivation, Coffee, Plasma glucose, Blood Pressure
  PubDate: 2018-02-23
  Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 1 (2018)
LC-MS analysis and effects of Malaysian propolis on insulin, glucagon,
pancreas and oxidative stress status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic
rats
- Authors: Umar Zayyanu Usman, Ainul Bahiyah Abu Bakar, Anani Aila Mat Zin, Mahaneem Mohamed
  Abstract: This study evaluated the phytochemical constituents using liquid chromatographmass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis and in vivo effects of Malaysian propolis on plasma insulin, glucagon, oxidative stress status and histology of pancreas in diabetic rats. Analysis was carried out onwater (WEP) and ethanol (EEP) extracts of Malaysian propolis. Forty rats were assigned into five groups (n = 8 rats per group) i.e. non-DM, DM, DM+300EEP (300 mg/kg), DM+600EEP (600mg/kg) and DM+metformin (100 mg/kg). DM was induced and treatments were given daily by oral gavage for 4 weeks. LC-MS profile revealed 10 and 29 compounds in WEP and EEP respectively,which were mainly phenolic derivatives. Food intake, fasting blood glucose (FBG), glucagon, malonaldehyde and protein carbonyl were significantly higher while final body weight, insulin and total antioxidant capacity were significantly lower in DM group compared with non-DM group. There were significantly higher body weight, insulin level and total antioxidant capacity with significantly lower food intake, FBG, glucagon, malonaldehyde and protein carbonyl levels in DM+300EEP and DM+600EEP groups compared with DM group. Pancreas histology revealed islet cells regeneration in DM+300EEP and DM+600EEP groups. This study showed that Malaysian propolis EEP had higher phytochemical compounds which were mainly phenolic derivatives and in vivo study suggests its potential antidiabetic and antioxidant properties which could be due to the synergistic effect of some of these constituents.Keywords: diabetes, glucagon, LC-MS, propolis, oxidative stress, insulin
  PubDate: 2018-02-23
  Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 1 (2018)
Changes in proximate and phytochemical compositions of Persea americana
Mill. (avocado pear) seeds associated with ripening
- Authors: Chidube A. Alagbaoso, Ome S. Osakwe, Iranlowo I. Tokunbo
  Abstract: Persea americana (avocado pear leaves, fruits, and seeds) is one of the medicinal herbs that has been widely utilized in treating/managing disease conditions. In this study, we investigated the changes in proximate and phytochemical compositions of avocado seeds associated with ripening using standard methods. Proximate analysis showed that the ripe and unripe seeds contain appreciable quantities of moisture, ash, fibre, fat, and protein. The crude fat content was however higher in the ripe (20.1 ± 0.1%) relative to unripe (10.2 ± 0.1%). Phytochemical analyses showed the presence of saponins, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, and glycosides in both seeds, but the levels of alkaloids (4.8 ± 0.115%) and saponins (1.739 ± 0.24%) were higher in the ripe. Our results suggest that ripening significantly increased the fat, alkaloids, and saponins contents, but lowered the carbohydrate content of the seeds. Our findings also indicate that the ripe may be a better source of antioxidant compounds owing to its higher phytochemical content.Keywords: Phytochemicals, Medicinal plants, Persea americana seeds, Proximate composition
  PubDate: 2018-02-23
  Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 1 (2018)
Prospective study to assess national institutes of health stroke scale as
predictor of functional outcome in stroke patients in Benin City
- Authors: Francis Odiase, Edith Kayode-Iyasere, Fatai Akemokwe, A.O. Ogunrin
  Abstract: Background: Stroke is a leading cause of disability and predicting functional outcome early at presentation would guide treatment and rehabilitation plans. The aim of this study was to assess baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score as predictor of functional outcome.Methods: Ninety consecutive patients with stroke were evaluated at presentation. The patient's demographics, clinical features, risk factors for stroke and NIHSS were tested as potential predictors of functional outcome in a multiple regression analysis. The Barthel index was used to measure functional outcome at 28 days.Results: Significant predictors on univariate analysis were; age, gender, random blood glucose on admission, atrial fibrillation, mean packed cell volume, stroke type and NIHSS score. On multivariate regression analysis the NIHSS score was the only independent predictor of functional outcome (B=,P<0.05).Conclusion: NIHSS score is an important predictor of functional outcome and should be utilized in stroke care.Keyowrds: UME, Post-UME-Screening test, MBBS, Medical Students
  PubDate: 2018-02-23
  Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 1 (2018)
Nurses use of Glasgow coma scale in neurological assessment of patients in
university of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City Edo State , Nigeria
- Authors: T.A. Ehwarieme, A.N. Anarado
  Abstract: Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a reliable tool in assessing patients' level of consciousness. This study assessed nurses' use of GCS for neurological assessment of patients in a tertiary health facility in Edo state. Descriptive, cross-sectional study of all nurses (226) working in wards/units where unconscious patients are nursed. Data were collected using researchers' developed and pre-tested questionnaire and an observational check-list. Data were summarized using proportions and means. Hypotheses were tested using ANOVA at P=0.05 level of significance. Only 23.4% of the respondents have used the GCS, with significant (p>0.05) differences in usage between the wards/units. Nurses working in A&E had the highest usage (66.7%); while those in neurological ward and ICU expressed more confidence in usage. Lack of continuing clinical education/updates on GCS, and lack of enforcement of GCS use in assessment were the major factors contributing to non-use of GCS by nurses.Keywords: Glasgow coma scale, Unconscious patients, Neurological assessment
  PubDate: 2018-02-23
  Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 1 (2018)
Respondents assessment of operational status of x-ray machines in Benin
City, Nigeria
- Authors: E Eze, O.H. Adams
  Abstract: This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the status of x-ray machine in Benin City. Questionnaires were distributed and analysed using descriptive statistics. The results show that 82.6% of the x-ray machines were fixed and17.4% mobile. 91.3% were conventional x-ray machines, only 21.7% used computed radiography. 30.4% of respondents had no idea about their x-ray equipment manufacture date. Installation dates given, show all x-ray machines were installed under 12 years ago.82.6% of respondents had equipment servicing agents while 13% had none. 26.1% of respondents gave a specific machine servicing schedule for their facilities. 39.1% of respondents had a designated Radiation Safety Officer (RSO)at their facility. 47.8% had none.39.1% of respondents reported that they had Medical Physicists attached to their facility, 56.5% reported that they did not. The result of the study indicated that most of the x-ray machines used in radiological facilities in the city, were not under safety control.Keywords: x-ray machine, radiological facility, Quality Assurance
  PubDate: 2018-02-23
  Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 1 (2018)
An audit of histopathological reports of chronic gastritis in a Nigerian
tertiary hospital using the updated Sydney system
- Authors: D.E. Obaseki, I Obahiagbon
  Abstract: Objective: To audit the degree of completeness of histopathological reports of chronic gastritis for prognostic information in a tertiary care hospital in the light of the updated Sydney system.Material and Methods: One hundred and eighteen (118) reports of chronic gastritis from January to December 2014 were reviewed against the requirements of the updated Sydney system for the histological reporting of chronic gastritis from endoscopic gastric biopsy specimens.Results: Majority of our reports still do not comply with the requirements of the updated Sydney system for the reporting of chronic gastritis from endoscopic gastric biopsies, for instance, only 26.3% contained information on the topography of gastritis, while 32.2% made any comments concerning aetiology. The percentages are much lower as for the reporting of graded variables.Conclusion: The quality of histopathological reports of chronic gastritis is unsatisfactory overall, as far as the Sydney system is concerned. Many of our reports do not contain most of its important elements or completely ignore its use. We strongly recommend that our pathologists should fully embrace this system of reportage for chronic gastritis in line with international best practice.
  PubDate: 2018-02-23
  Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 1 (2018)