JournalTOCs

Homeopathy
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.678

Citation Impact (citeScore): 1
Number of Followers: 8

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 1475-4916
Published by Elsevier

[3203 journals]

No smoke without fire
- Authors: Peter Fisher
  Pages: 67 - 68
  Abstract: Publication date: May 2017
  Source:Homeopathy, Volume 106, Issue 2
  Author(s): Peter Fisher
  
  PubDate: 2017-05-30T05:15:00Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2017.04.002
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 2 (2017)
High diluted and dynamised follicle stimulating hormone modulates the
steroid production in isolated porcine preantral follicles cultured
in vitro
- Authors: Laritza F. de Lima; Marcello Rubessa; Rebeca M.P. Rocha; Rebecca Winters; Derek J. Milner; Claudio C. Campello; José R. Figueiredo; Matthew B. Wheeler
  Pages: 87 - 92
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 18 April 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): Laritza F. de Lima, Marcello Rubessa, Rebeca M.P. Rocha, Rebecca Winters, Derek J. Milner, Claudio C. Campello, José R. Figueiredo, Matthew B. Wheeler
  Objective This study investigated the effect of two different follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) preparations (diluted/dynamised and diluted) on the in vitro development and steroid production (estradiol, progesterone and testosterone) of isolated porcine preantral follicle after in vitro culture. Methods Secondary follicles were cultured in Alpha Minimum Essential Medium (α-MEM+) supplemented with grain ethanol (AL – 0.2%, v/v), diluted/dynamised FSH (rFSH 6cH – 0.05 fg/mL) or diluted-only FSH (1.5 ng/mL) for 4 days. Follicle development was evaluated on the basis of follicular growth, morphology and hormone production. Results The percentage of follicular integrity and extrusion were not affected by the treatments after culture. For all treatments, follicular diameter increased significantly from Day 0 to Day 4. On Day 2 of culture, the estradiol production was significantly higher in AL and diluted-only FSH treatments compared with diluted/dynamised FSH. However, diluted/dynamised FSH showed a significantly higher progesterone production on Day 2. Only on Day 4, the testosterone production was higher in the AL than diluted-only FSH treatments, but similar to diluted/dynamised FSH treatment. Except for diluted/dynamised FSH treatment, progesterone production increased (P < 0.05) from Day 2 to Day 4; only for AL treatment, a significant increase of testosterone production was observed during culture. Conclusion Compared to control the diluted/dynamised FSH addition increased progesterone production but decreased the estradiol production after in vitro culture of isolated porcine preantral follicles. Taken together the results suggest that at least for progesterone production the mechanism of action of diluted/dynamised FSH differs from its vehicle.
  
  PubDate: 2017-05-25T04:50:00Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2017.03.004
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 2 (2017)
Informing the homeopathic practice for Turkish pharmacists: reviewing the
Portuguese community pharmacies example
- Authors: Afonso Miguel Cavaco; Miray Arslan; Sevgi Şar
  Pages: 93 - 102
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 8 April 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): Afonso Miguel Cavaco, Miray Arslan, Sevgi Şar
  Introduction Alternative and complementary therapy systems, such as homeopathy, have long been used around the world. Since 1995 homeopathy has been officially recognized in Europe as a system of medicine or a medical specialty. Portuguese community pharmacists have long-standing experience with homeopathic products. By contrast, healthcare professionals in Turkey are less experienced with homeopathic practice although there is a new regulatory setting in place. There are a limited number of studies addressing pharmacists' role within the homeopathic system. Aim To investigate the attitudes (knowledge, feelings and behaviour) of experienced Portuguese pharmacy practitioners who deal with homeopathy, and thus to inform Turkish pharmacy practice and policy on homeopathy-related success factors. Methods A qualitative cross-sectional design was followed, using semi-structured and face-to-face individual interviews with purposively selected Portuguese pharmacists experienced with homeopathic medicines. Audio-recordings were transcribed verbatim and the transcriptions imported into QSR NVivo v10 software for qualitative coding and analysis. Using a thematic content approach, the extracted codes were grouped and indexed by recurrent themes through a reflective procedure and constant comparison. Results & discussion Six general themes emerged, the most relevant being participants' feelings of gratitude for the ability to work in homeopathy; other themes were a helpful regulatory body, clear practice boundaries, scientific support and product quality assurance. Specialized homeopathic education was considered the most important factor for success. This was related to patients' positive perceptions and acceptance, suggesting an increase in public awareness through the pharmacy network. Conclusions Portuguese pharmacists' attitudes towards their homeopathic practices highlighted the key elements for success in a field that is usually distant from traditional pharmaceutical education and practice. The present findings provide guidance for Turkish pharmacists willing to expand their professional scope and to embrace complementary medicines.
  
  PubDate: 2017-05-25T04:50:00Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2017.02.003
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 2 (2017)
In vitro effects of Zinc in soluble and homeopathic formulations on
macrophages and astrocytes
- Authors: Clara Bonafini; Marta Marzotto; Paolo Bellavite
  Pages: 103 - 113
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 8 April 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): Clara Bonafini, Marta Marzotto, Paolo Bellavite
  Zinc is an important metal in body homeostasis at different levels. Zinc in soluble form (Zn2+) and homeopathic Zincum metallicum were tested in macrophages and astrocytes in order to investigate its potential toxic or therapeutic effects. We evaluated cell viability (WST assay), cytokine production such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nitric oxide release by Griess reaction. The effect of zinc-depletion and high zinc pre-treatments on the cell adaptation capability was also investigated. In THP-1 macrophage cell line and in human primary macrophages, Zn2+ at sub-toxic doses (30 μM) caused stimulation of TNF-α and IL-10 with different dynamics reaching the maximum peak at the zinc concentration 100 μM, before the cell death. Highest doses (300 μM) impaired dramatically cell vitality. Similar effects on cell viability were obtained also in C6 astrocytes, where Zn2+ slightly increased the nitric oxide release only in cells activated by one of the pro-inflammatory stimuli used in our cellular model (interferon gamma plus TNF-α). Zinc depletion markedly reduced IL-10 production and cell viability. Zincum metallicum did not cause any toxicity in all cell types and showed a trend to small stimulation in WST assay, that was statistically significant in few conditions.
  
  PubDate: 2017-05-25T04:50:00Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2017.03.003
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 2 (2017)
A clinical history of Zincum metallicum: homeopathic pathogenetic trials
and case reports
- Authors: Silvia Waisse; Gheorghe Jurj
  Pages: 114 - 130
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 29 March 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): Silvia Waisse, Gheorghe Jurj
  In the present study, we investigated the experimental basis for the indications of homeopathic drug Zincum metallicum. The current body of knowledge about Zinc met has a core composed of pathogenetic and clinical data collected in the 19th century surrounded by layers of clinical observations reported over time. In the description, we prioritized poorly known sources, especially the ones that were never translated from the original German. We also performed quantitative and statistical analysis of repertory data. Through a literature survey and a call to practicing homeopathic doctors from many countries, we were able to put together a relevant case-series that represents homeopathic indications of Zinc.
  
  PubDate: 2017-05-25T04:50:00Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2017.01.004
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 2 (2017)
The wide scientific and geographical spread of homeopathy
- Authors: Peter Fisher
  Pages: 1 - 2
  Abstract: Publication date: February 2017
  Source:Homeopathy, Volume 106, Issue 1
  Author(s): Peter Fisher
  
  PubDate: 2017-05-25T04:50:00Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2017.03.001
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 1 (2017)
A review of machines and devices to potentize homeopathic medicines
- Authors: Abhirup Basu; Akkihebbal Krishnamurthy Suresh; Shantaram Govind Kane; Jayesh Ramesh Bellare
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 6 November 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): Abhirup Basu, Akkihebbal Krishnamurthy Suresh, Shantaram Govind Kane, Jayesh Ramesh Bellare
  Background Potentization, consisting of serial dilution and succussion, is a key step in the manufacture of homeopathic medicines. Originally prescribed as a manual process, several attempts at mechanization have been published, patented and even commercialised in order to remove the human element and introduce reproducibility without drudgery. Various machines have been used over the years to prepare homeopathic medicines. Although these machines follow the same principles, i.e. energetically mixing the medicines and diluting them significantly, their mode of operation is different from each other. Methods This review paper surveys the main methods of preparation of homeopathic medicines. The main machines discussed are: Boericke's potentizer, Tyler Kent's instrument, John Alphonse's machine and the fluxion potentizer, which were used in the past, as well as more recent potentizers like arm-and-weight instruments, the K-Tronic potentizer and Quinn's machine. We review the construction and operating principle of each of these machines, along with their advantages and limitations. A scheme for relative performance assessment of these machines is proposed based on the parameters mechanical efficiency, physico-chemical efficiency, turbulence generation, energy dissipation, and accuracy of dilution. Results Quinn's machine and the arm-and-weight potentizer perform well for generating turbulence due to high impaction forces, while John Alphonse's machine is much more accurate in diluting the homeopathic medicines at every step. Conclusions Both the commercial potentizers, Quinn's machine and the K-Tronic potentizer, are completely automated and therefore reduce the manual labour and variation in succussive forces during each step, which may produce uniformity in physico-chemical changes within the resulting homeopathic medicines.
  
  PubDate: 2017-11-12T01:24:25Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2017.09.002
Homeopathy and intellectual honesty
- Authors: Peter Fisher
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 28 October 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): Peter Fisher
  
  PubDate: 2017-11-04T23:05:53Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2017.10.001
Corrigendum to “Generalisability of prognostic factor research: further
analysis of data from the IIPCOS2 study” [Homeopathy 106 (3) (2017)
155–159]
- Authors: Anjali Miglani; Lex Rutten; Raj K. Manchanda
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 18 October 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): Anjali Miglani, Lex Rutten, Raj K. Manchanda
  
  PubDate: 2017-10-28T19:08:18Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2017.09.003
Therapeutic potential of HIV nosode 30c as evaluated in A549 lung cancer
cells
- Authors: Anisur Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh; Jesmin Mondal; Rajesh Shah
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 12 October 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): Anisur Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh, Jesmin Mondal, Rajesh Shah
  Objectives To examine if HIV nosode in 30c dilution (HIV 30c) has therapeutic potential against lung cancer cells (A549) as compared to WRL-68 normal cells and to elucidate its possible molecular mechanism of action on DNA replication and apoptosis. Methods Effects of HIV 30c were thoroughly tested for its possible anticancer potential on A549 cells (lung cancer); WRL-68 normal liver cells served as control. Three doses, one at LD50 and two below LD-50, were used. Proliferation, migration and senescence assays were made and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) studied by routine techniques. The ability of HIV 30c to induce apoptosis in A549 cells and its possible signalling pathway were determined using immunoblots of relevant signal proteins and confocal microscopy, including studies on telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and topoisomerase II (Top II) activities, intimately associated with cell division and DNA replication. Results HIV 30c prevented cancer cell proliferation and migration, induced pre-mature senescence, enhanced pro-apoptotic signal proteins like p53, bax, cytochrome c, caspase-3 and inhibited anti-apoptotic signal proteins Bcl2, TERT and Top II, changed mitochondrial membrane potential and caused externalization of phosphatidyl serine. Thus, it induced apoptosis as also evidenced from increase in cells with distorted membrane morphology, nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation, and ROS, typical of apoptosis in progress. Conclusion HIV 30c nosode has therapeutic potential for inducing cytotoxic effects on A549 cells as manifested by changes in nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation, ROS generation and MMP, and for its inhibitory action on cell proliferation, cell migration, expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase and Top II genes, and increasing expression of pro-apoptotic genes.
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  PubDate: 2017-10-14T13:49:05Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2017.09.001
Case reports on integrated management of tubercular disease
- Authors: Kusum S. Chand; Priya Kapoor
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 29 September 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): Kusum S. Chand, Priya Kapoor
  Background Host immunity plays an important role in prevention of disease as is evident by the increased incidence of Tuberculosis (TB) in immuno-compromised population of HIV infected, diabetes inflicted, immune-suppressant therapy and elderly people. Rising incidence of antibiotic resistance has led to resurgence of TB of epidemic proportions. Integrated treatment with add on homeopathy in addition to anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) appears to improve outcome in TB. The intervention has been integrated treatment with homeopathy regime, which is using a patient specific, disease specific and supportive medicine simultaneously, all individualized for the patient and the disease. Cases: Case 1 Pott's spine with paravertebral abscess, not responding to ATT. Addition of homeopathy led to fall in temperature, improved appetite, increase in weight and reduction of abscess. Case 2 Recurrent sub-acute intestinal obstruction. The patient could not tolerate ATT but responded to homeopathy by reduction of abdominal pain and distension, vomiting, loose stools and queasiness. Case 3 Pulmonary TB, treated with both ATT and homeopathy from beginning, led to rapid recovery and shortened treatment time. Conclusion The addition of homeopathy to ATT is patient friendly, cost effective and appears to reduces the duration of treatment. Its role as immuno-modulatory therapy should be evaluated and explored.
  
  PubDate: 2017-09-30T09:23:05Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2017.08.002
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance characterization of traditional
homeopathically-manufactured copper (Cuprum metallicum) and a plant
(Gelsemium sempervirens) medicines and controls
- Authors: Michel Van Wassenhoven; Martine Goyens; Marc Henry; Etienne Capieaux; Philippe Devos
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 28 September 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): Michel Van Wassenhoven, Martine Goyens, Marc Henry, Etienne Capieaux, Philippe Devos
  Background NMR proton relaxation is sensitive to the dynamics of the water molecule H2O, through the interaction of the spin of the proton (1H) with external magnetic and electromagnetic fields. Methods We measured dilution and potentization processes through measurements of 1H spin-lattice T1 and spin–spin T2 relaxation times. In order to interpret the recorded fluctuations in T1- or T2-values, experimental data were linearized by looking how the area under a fluctuating time = f(dilution) curve (dilution integral or DI) changes with dilution. Two kinds of fitting procedures were considered: chi-square fitting with a goodness-of-fit probability and least absolute deviations criterion with Pearson's linear correlation coefficient. Results We showed that fluctuations are not attributable to random noise and/or experimental errors, evidencing a memory effect quantifiable by the slope of the DI = f(dilution) straight line. For all experiments, correlation coefficients were found to lie above 0.9999, against 0.999 for random noise. The discrimination between experimental slopes and slopes associated with random noise data was very good at a five-sigma level of confidence (i.e. probability 3 × 10−7). Discrimination between experimental slopes at a five-sigma level was possible in most cases, with three exceptions: gelsemium aqua pura v gelsemium dilution (four-sigma); copper aqua pura v gelsemium aqua pura (four-sigma) and copper simple dilution v gelsemium simple dilution (three-sigma). All potentized samples show very good discrimination (at least nine-sigma level) against aqua pura, lactose or simple dilution. It was possible to transform the associated relaxation times into a molecular rotational correlation time τc and an average spin–spin distance d. Our experiments thus points to a considerable slowing down of molecular movements (τc > 1300 ps or T = 224–225 K) around water molecules up to a distance of 3.7 Å, values. It was also possible to rule out other possible mechanisms of relaxation (diffusive motion, 17O-1H relaxation or coupling with the electronic spin, S = 1, of dissolved dioxygen molecules). Conclusion There is clear evidence that homeopathic solutions cannot be considered as pure water as commonly assumed. Instead, we have evidence a clear memory effect upon dilution/potentization of a substance (water, lactose, copper, gelsemium) reflected by different rotational correlation times and average H⋯H distances. A possible explanation for such a memory effect may lie in the formation of mesoscopic water structures around nanoparticles and/or nanobubbles mediated by zero-point fluctuations of the vacuum electromagnetic field as suggested by quantum field theories. The existence of an Avogadro's ‘wall’ for homeopathically-prepared medicines is not supported by our data. Rather it appears that all dilutions have a specific material configuration determined by the potentized substance, also by the chemical nature of the containers, and dissolved gases and the electromagnetic environment. This sensitivity of homeopathically-prepared medicines to electromagnetic fields may be amplified by the highly non-linear processing routinely applied in the preparation of homeopathic medicines. Future work is needed in such directions. The time is now ripe for a demystification of the preparation of homeopathic remedies.
  
  PubDate: 2017-09-30T09:23:05Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2017.08.001
Model validity of randomised placebo-controlled trials of
non-individualised homeopathic treatment
- Authors: Robert T. Mathie; Michel Van Wassenhoven; A.L.B. Rutten; Christien T. Klein-Laansma; José Eizayaga; Anna Pla i Castellsagué; Miek C. Jong; Raj K. Manchanda; Flávio Dantas; Menachem Oberbaum; Joyce Frye; Helmut Roniger; Stephan Baumgartner; Robbert van Haselen; Ton Nicolai; Peter Fisher
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 13 September 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): Robert T. Mathie, Michel Van Wassenhoven, A.L.B. Rutten, Christien T. Klein-Laansma, José Eizayaga, Anna Pla i Castellsagué, Miek C. Jong, Raj K. Manchanda, Flávio Dantas, Menachem Oberbaum, Joyce Frye, Helmut Roniger, Stephan Baumgartner, Robbert van Haselen, Ton Nicolai, Peter Fisher
  Background The comprehensive systematic review of randomised placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) in homeopathy requires examination of a study's model validity of homeopathic treatment (MVHT) as well as its risk of bias (extent of reliable evidence). Objective To appraise MVHT in those RCTs of non-individualised homeopathy that an associated investigation had judged as ‘not at high risk of bias’. Design Systematic review. Methods An assessment of MVHT was ascribed to each of 26 eligible RCTs. Another 49 RCTs were ineligible due to their high risk of bias. Main outcome measures MVHT and the prior risk of bias rating per trial were merged to obtain a single overall quality designation (‘high’, ‘moderate’, ‘low’), based on the GRADE principle of downgrading. Results The trials were rated as ‘acceptable MVHT’ (N = 9), ‘uncertain MVHT’ (N = 10) and ‘inadequate MVHT’ (N = 7); and, previously, as ‘reliable evidence’ (N = 3) and ‘non-reliable evidence’ (N = 23). The 26 trials were designated overall as: ‘high quality’ (N = 1); ‘moderate quality’ (N = 18); ‘low quality’ (N = 7). Conclusion Of the 26 RCTs of non-individualised homeopathy that were judged ‘not at high risk of bias’, nine have been rated ‘acceptable MVHT’. One of those nine studies was designated ‘high quality’ overall (‘acceptable MVHT’ and ‘reliable evidence’), and is thus currently the only reported RCT that represents best therapeutic practice as well as unbiased evidence in non-individualised homeopathy. As well as minimising risk of bias, new RCTs in this area must aim to maximise MVHT and clarity of reporting.
  
  PubDate: 2017-09-18T07:24:02Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2017.07.003
Hormesis and homeopathy: a step forward
- Authors: Edward J. Calabrese
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 7 August 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): Edward J. Calabrese
  
  PubDate: 2017-08-09T06:42:45Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2017.07.002
Why to use homeopathy in the nineteenth century' Early patients of
homeopathy in private and institutional context
- Authors: Silvia Waisse
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 7 August 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): Silvia Waisse
  Medicine underwent a major crisis in the 18th century and several approaches, including homeopathy, were formulated to fill the void left by the fall of traditional Galenic medicine. While most of the literature deals with the reasons doctors had to shift to homeopathy, the patients' views became the focus of increasing scholarly attention along the past 20 years. In this article I present and discuss the current knowledge about the socio-demographic characteristics and medical complaints of patients who sought homeopathic care in the early 19th century in both private and institutional settings. The results show that not only patients from the higher and more educated classes sought homeopathic care, but a considerable number of individuals from the middle and lower strata did so too, even though they also had access to conventional hospitals. As to the clinical complaints, the reasons to seek homeopathic care were the typical ones for any general practice or hospital in the period considered.
  
  PubDate: 2017-08-09T06:42:45Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2017.07.001
Structural and thermal analyses of zinc and lactose in homeopathic
triturated systems
- Authors: Carla Holandino; Adriana Passos Oliveira; Fortune Homsani; Juliana Patrão de Paiva; Gleyce Moreno Barbosa; Michelle Rodrigues de Lima Zanetti; Thaís de Barros Fernandes; Camila Monteiro Siqueira; Venicio Feo da Veiga; Letícia Coli Louvisse de Abreu; Marta Marzotto; Paolo Bernardi; Leoni Villano Bonamin; Paolo Bellavite; André Linhares Rossi; Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): Carla Holandino, Adriana Passos Oliveira, Fortune Homsani, Juliana Patrão de Paiva, Gleyce Moreno Barbosa, Michelle Rodrigues de Lima Zanetti, Thaís de Barros Fernandes, Camila Monteiro Siqueira, Venicio Feo da Veiga, Letícia Coli Louvisse de Abreu, Marta Marzotto, Paolo Bernardi, Leoni Villano Bonamin, Paolo Bellavite, André Linhares Rossi, Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani
  Background A series of different experimental approaches was applied in Zincum metallicum (Zinc met.) samples and lactose controls. Experiments were designed to elucidate the effect of zinc trituration and dynamization on physicochemical properties of homeopathic formulations, using lactose as excipient. Methods Zinc met. potencies (Zinc met 1–3c) were triturated and dynamized using lactose as excipient, according to Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia. Lactose samples (LAC 1–3c) were also prepared following the same protocol and used as controls. The samples were analyzed structurally by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and thermodynamically by Thermogravimetry (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Results AAS analysis detected 97.0 % of zinc in the raw material, 0.75 % (Zinc met 1c) and 0.02% (Zinc met 2c). XRD analysis showed that inter-atomic crystalline spacing of lactose was not modified by dynamization. Amorphous and crystalline lactose spheres and particles, respectively, were observed by TEM in all samples, with mean size from 200 to 800 nm. EDX obtained with TEM identified zinc presence throughout the amorphous matter but individualized zinc particles were not observed. SEM images obtained from dynamized samples (LAC 1c and Zinc met 1c) with electron backscattering could not identify zinc metal grains. The dynamization process induced Derivatives of Thermal Gravimetric (DTg) peak modification, which was previously centered near 158°C to lactose, to a range from 140 to 170°C, suggesting the dynamization process modifies the temperature range of water aggregation. Thermal phenomena were analyzed and visualized by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) statistics. Both indicated that fusion enthalpy of dynamized samples (DynLAC 1-3c; DynZn 1-3c) increased 30.68 J/g in comparison to non-dynamized lactose (LAC; p < 0.05). Conclusions Our results suggested no structural changes due to the trituration and dynamization process. However, TG and DSC analyses permit the differentiation of dynamized and non-dynamized groups, suggesting the dynamization process induced a significant increase in the degradation heat. These results call for further calorimetric studies with other homeopathic dilutions and other methodologies, to better understand the dynamics of these systems.
  
  PubDate: 2017-07-31T10:43:53Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2017.06.003
Zincum metallicum research: an international scientific collaboration in
homeopathy
- Authors: Leoni V. Bonamin; Paolo Bellavite
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): Leoni V. Bonamin, Paolo Bellavite
  
  PubDate: 2017-07-31T10:43:53Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2017.06.004
Generalisability of prognostic factor research: further analysis of data
from the IIPCOS2 study
- Authors: Anjali Miglani; Lex Rutten; Raj K. Manchanda
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 24 July 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): Anjali Miglani, Lex Rutten, Raj K. Manchanda
  Prognostic factor research is important as it helps in refining diagnosis, taking clinical and therapeutic decisions, enhances the design and analysis of intervention trials and helps to identify targets for new interventions that aim to modify the course of a disease. Prognostic factor research in homeopathy can be done by applying Bayes' theorem. This paper considers Bayes' theorem; Likelihood Ratio, conditional probability and research in subpopulations of a condition with examples. We analysed the likelihood ratios for 11 homeopathic medicines for the symptom ‘cough’ and other upper respiratory tract symptoms, based on data from the IIPCOS2 study. This yielded useful information since several medicines, including Belladonna, had LR >1 for cough, indicating that cough is not an indication for this medicine. The implications for improving homeopathic prescribing are discussed.
  
  PubDate: 2017-07-24T10:37:45Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2017.06.001
Metal nanoparticle induced hormetic activation: a novel mechanism of
homeopathic medicines
- Authors: Prashant S. Chikramane; Akkihebbal K. Suresh; Shantaram G. Kane; Jayesh R. Bellare
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 21 July 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): Prashant S. Chikramane, Akkihebbal K. Suresh, Shantaram G. Kane, Jayesh R. Bellare
  Background High-potency homeopathic remedies, 30c and 200c have enormous dilution factors of 1060 and 10400 respectively. Therefore, the presence of physical entities in them is inconceivable. As a result, their efficacy is highly debated and often dismissed as a placebo. Despite several hypotheses postulated to explain the claimed homeopathic efficacy, none have satisfactorily answered the qualms of the sceptics. Against all beliefs and principles of conventional dilution, we have shown that nanoparticles (NPs) of the starting metals are unequivocally found in the 30c and 200c remedies at concentrations of a few pg/ml. In this paper, our aim was to answer the important question of whether such negligible metal concentrations elicit a biological response. Methods Metal-based homeopathic medicines (30c and 200c) were analysed at doses between 0.003%v/v and 10%v/v in in-vitro HepG2 cell-line. Upon treatment, cell response was estimated by MTT assay, FACS and total intracellular protein. Experiments were performed to discern whether the hormesis was a cell-activation or a proliferation effect. Results Remedies at doses containing a few femtograms/ml levels of the starting metals induced a proliferation-independent hormetic activation by increasing the intracellular protein synthesis. The metal concentrations (at fg/ml) were a billion-fold lower than the studies with synthetic NPs (at μg/ml). Further, we also highlight a few plausible mechanisms initiating a hormetic response at a billion-fold lower dose. Conclusions Hormetic activation has been shown for the first time with standard homeopathic high-potency remedies. These findings would have a profound effect in understanding these extreme dilutions from a biological perspective.
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  PubDate: 2017-07-24T10:37:45Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2017.06.002
Could the study of cavitation luminescence be useful in high dilution
research'
- Authors: Hibou
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 8 July 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): François Hibou
  Cavitation in agitated liquids has been discussed for over five decades as a phenomenon that could play a role in the appearance of structural changes in the solvent of potentised dilutions. However, its lack of specificity as well as the absence of experimental confirmation have so far confined the idea to theory. The light emission associated with cavitational bubble collapse can be used to detect and study cavitation in fluids. The phenomenon has been extensively studied when driven by ultrasound, where it is called sonoluminescence. Sonoluminescence spectra reflect extremely high temperature and pressure in the collapsing bubbles and are parameter sensitive. This article tries to examine whether, despite objections and difficulties, the detection or the study of cavitational luminescence in solutions during potentisation could be useful as a physical tool in high dilution research.
  
  PubDate: 2017-07-14T10:05:08Z
Reproducibility of the effects of homeopathically potentised Argentum
nitricum on the growth of Lemna gibba L. in a randomised and blinded
bioassay
- Authors: Vera Majewsky; Claudia Scherr; Claudia Schneider; Sebastian Patrick Arlt; Stephan Baumgartner
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 9 May 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): Vera Majewsky, Claudia Scherr, Claudia Schneider, Sebastian Patrick Arlt, Stephan Baumgartner
  Background A previous study reported a significant statistical interaction between experiment date and treatment effect of Argentum nitricum 14x–30x on the growth rate of duckweed (Lemna gibba L.). The aim of the present study was to investigate the stability of the test system and intra-laboratory reproducibility of the effects found. Methods Duckweed was treated with A. nitricum potencies (14x–30x) as well as succussed and unsuccussed water controls. The outcome parameter area-related growth rate for day 0–7 was determined by a computerised image analysis system in two series of independent randomised and blinded experiments. Systematic negative control (SNC) experiments were carried out to investigate test system stability. Statistical analysis was performed with full two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and protected Fisher's Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. Results In the first repetition series we found a significant treatment effect (p = 0.016), while in the second series no effect was observed. The negative control experiments showed that the experimental system was stable. An a posteriori subgroup analysis concerning gibbosity revealed the importance of this growth state of L. gibba for successful reproduction of the statistically significant interaction in the original study; flat: no interaction (p = 0.762); slight gibbosity: no interaction (p = 0.356); medium gibbosity: significant interaction (p = 0.031), high gibbosity: highly significant interaction (p = 0.005). Conclusions With the original study design (disregarding gibbosity status of L. gibba) results of the original study could not be reproduced sensu stricto. We conclude that the growth state gibbosity is crucial for successful reproduction of the original study. Different physiological states of the test organisms used for bioassays for homeopathic basic research must carefully be considered.
  
  PubDate: 2017-05-25T04:50:00Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2017.04.001
Effect of Zincum metallicum on cell models I
- Authors: Jenifer Pendiuk Gonçalves; Maria Luiza Ferreira dos Santos; Gustavo Rodrigues Rossi; Viviana Stephanie Costa Gagosian; Carolina Camargo de Oliveira
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 8 April 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): Jenifer Pendiuk Gonçalves, Maria Luiza Ferreira dos Santos, Gustavo Rodrigues Rossi, Viviana Stephanie Costa Gagosian, Carolina Camargo de Oliveira
  Introduction Zinc is an essential trace elements necessary for life maintenance. Traditional and complementary medicines use zinc-based formulations to treat different classes of diseases. Basic research on homeopathic preparations of zinc are rare, there are a few published clinical cases describing its effects on patients. The use of cell-based models in drug screening is a reliable source evidence. Methods We sought to investigate experimental end-points using cell-based models to determine the effects of dilutions of Zincum metallicum prepared according to the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia. Murine macrophages, RAW 264.7, and melanoma B16-F10 cell lines were cultured according to standard procedures. Cells were treated with either 5c, 6c or 30c Zincum metallicum and control cells with its respective vehicle (5c, 6c, or 30c Lactose). Macrophages activation by CD54 immunolabeling, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) using DCFH-DA, and cytokines production using CBA were detected by flow cytometry. Phagocytic capacity was quantified by light microscopy. Features of melanoma cells were analyzed by colorimetric assays to determine melanin content and cell proliferation rate. All obtained data were submitted to normality test followed by statistical analysis. Results Zincum metallicum 6c shifted high ROS-producing macrophages to a low ROS-producing phenotype. Positive CD54 macrophages were increased by Zincum metallicum 5c. No changes in cytokine production and endocytic index were observed. Conclusions Differing responses and non-linearity were found on macrophages challenged with Zincum metallicum high dilutions. Melanoma cells were not affected by any treatment we tested. Customised assays using target cells can be useful to describe high dilutions effects. Other cell types and conditions should be investigated.
  
  PubDate: 2017-05-25T04:50:00Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2017.02.004
Effects of ultra-high dilutions of sodium butyrate on viability and gene
expression in HEK 293 cells
- Authors: Steven Olsen
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 22 February 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): Steven Olsen
  Background Several recent studies reported the capability of high diluted homeopathic medicines to modulate gene expression in cell cultures. In line with these studies, we examined whether ultra-high dilutions (30C and 200C) of sodium butyrate (SB) can affect the expression levels of genes involved in acquisition of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. Methods Cell viability was evaluated using a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The expression levels of TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 genes were determined by real-time PCR assay. Results Exposure to both 30C and 200C during 48 h led to a significant decrease of the level of expression of TNF-α gene, while expression of IL-2 gene was increased when exposed to 30C, and expression of IL-10 gene was decreased when exposed to 200C. No changes in expression levels of all genes studied were observed in cells treated with both 30C and 200C remedies of SB during the 24 h. Conclusion Observed changes in gene expression levels after exposure to 30C and 200C remedies of SB during 48 h suggest that extremely low concentrations of this agent can modulate the transcriptome of HEK 293 cells. These results are in line with findings from other studies confirming the ability of homeopathic remedies to modulate gene expression in cell cultures.
  
  PubDate: 2017-02-26T17:11:13Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2017.01.003
Interaction of homeopathic potencies with the water soluble solvatochromic
dye bis-dimethylaminofuchsone. Part 1: pH studies
- Authors: Steven J. Cartwright
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 13 February 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): Steven J. Cartwright
  Introduction Previous studies have demonstrated the potential of solvatochromic dyes for investigating the physical chemistry of homeopathic potencies. Results Following examination of this class of dyes in organic solvents, results obtained using the positively solvatochromic dye Bis-dimethylaminofuchsone (BDF) in aqueous solution are now reported. Spectral changes observed with this dye in the presence of potencies are both substantial and reproducible. Studies across a wide range of pH values reveal an unusual pH dependence for the dye's interaction with homeopathic potencies. Results indicate potency enhances dye protonation at pH values below c. 7.0, whilst protecting the dye from attack by hydroxyl ions above c. pH 7.5. Conclusion A possible explanation for these observations is offered in terms of a potency – induced electron density shift in BDF. The interaction of homeopathic potencies with solvatochromic dyes, particularly BDF, points towards a possible physico-chemical model for the nature of potencies, how they may be interacting with this class of dyes, and moreover how their biological effects may be mediated.
  
  PubDate: 2017-02-20T16:52:37Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2017.01.001
‘Unconventional’ experiments in biology and medicine with optimized
design based on quantum-like correlations
- Authors: Francis Beauvais
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 8 February 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): Francis Beauvais
  In previous articles, a description of ‘unconventional’ experiments (e.g. in vitro or clinical studies based on high dilutions, ‘memory of water’ or homeopathy) using quantum-like probability was proposed. Because the mathematical formulations of quantum logic are frequently an obstacle for physicians and biologists, a modified modeling that rests on classical probability is described in the present article. This modeling is inspired from a relational interpretation of quantum physics that applies not only to microscopic objects, but also to macroscopic structures, including experimental devices and observers. In this framework, any outcome of an experiment is not an absolute property of the observed system as usually considered but is expressed relatively to an observer. A team of interacting observers is thus described from an external view point based on two principles: the outcomes of experiments are expressed relatively to each observer and the observers agree on outcomes when they interact with each other. If probability fluctuations are also taken into account, correlations between ‘expected’ and observed outcomes emerge. Moreover, quantum-like correlations are predicted in experiments with local blind design but not with centralized blind design. No assumption on ‘memory’ or other physical modification of water is necessary in the present description although such hypotheses cannot be formally discarded. In conclusion, a simple modeling of ‘unconventional’ experiments based on classical probability is now available and its predictions can be tested. The underlying concepts are sufficiently intuitive to be spread into the homeopathy community and beyond. It is hoped that this modeling will encourage new studies with optimized designs for in vitro experiments and clinical trials.
  
  PubDate: 2017-02-08T16:49:08Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2017.01.002
The characteristics, experiences and perceptions of homeopaths in New
Zealand: results from a national survey of practitioners
- Authors: Phillip Cottingham; Jon Adams; Ram Vempati; Jill Dunn; David Sibbritt
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 12 January 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): Phillip Cottingham, Jon Adams, Ram Vempati, Jill Dunn, David Sibbritt
  Background The popularity of homeopathy is seemingly at odds with the scientific controversy over its effectiveness. Several studies have reported on effectiveness of clinical homeopathy, but few studies have been conducted on practices and perceptions of homeopaths, and none in New Zealand (NZ). To address this gap, this paper reports findings from the first national survey examining the characteristics, perceptions and experiences of NZ-based homeopaths regarding a wide range of issues relating to their role and practice. There were 176 homeopaths in NZ at the time of this survey, who were members of a voluntary register (The New Zealand Council of Homeopaths), homeopaths are not statutorily registered in NZ. Methods A 65 question, online survey was sent to homeopathic practitioners via their professional associations. A total of 176 homeopaths were invited to participate. Of these 176, 57 (32%) responded. Results The majority of homeopaths were female (93%). Twelve percent were under 45 years and 20% over 55 years. Most (85%) had qualification in homeopathy of diploma or certificate level and most (66%) were engaged in part-time practice. Mean year of experience was 12.6 and mean caseload per month was 25. That 90% considered research useful to validate practice, 88% considered that it impacted on practice, although only 48% had skills to interpret research papers. There was an association between skills to interpret research and its impact on practice (p = 0.038). The majority (87%) were in favour of registration, with a statistically significant association between attitudes to registration and age (p = 0.027), the older homeopaths being more in favour. Most (68%) were in favour of integration with conventional practitioners and many referred to conventional practitioners (mean referrals per annum to GPs = 57 and midwives = 30). Homeopaths assessed their contribution to New Zealand Ministry of Health objectives as significant, with 77% perceiving that they improved nutrition, 75% increasing physical activity and 63% reducing smoking. Conclusion These findings enable greater understanding of the way in which homeopaths practice in New Zealand and how they perceive their role in health care. These findings potentially assist communication between homeopaths and other health professionals. There is a need to further investigate homeopaths' practices and perceptions in NZ.
  
  PubDate: 2017-01-18T16:34:25Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2016.12.003
Is metabolic dysregulation associated with antidepressant response in
depressed women in climacteric treated with individualized homeopathic
medicines or fluoxetine' The HOMDEP-MENOP Study
- Authors: Emma del Carmen Macías-Cortés; Lidia Llanes-González; Leopoldo Aguilar-Faisal; Juan Asbun-Bojalil
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 10 January 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): Emma del Carmen Macías-Cortés, Lidia Llanes-González, Leopoldo Aguilar-Faisal, Juan Asbun-Bojalil
  Background Climacteric is associated with both depression and metabolic dysregulation. Scarce evidence suggests that metabolic dysregulation may predict poor response to conventional antidepressants. Response to depression treatment has not been studied in homeopathic medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of metabolic disorders in depressed climacteric women treated with homeopathic medicines, fluoxetine or placebo, and if these alterations have any association with response to depression treatment. Methods One hundred and thirty-three Mexican women (40–65 years) with depression, enrolled in the HOMDEP-MENOP study, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, double-dummy, three-arm trial with a 6 week follow-up, underwent a complete medical history and clinical examination. Metabolic parameters were assessed at baseline. Association between baseline metabolic parameters and response to depression treatment was analyzed with bivariate analysis in the three groups. Odds ratios (OR) with their 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated using MedCalc. Metabolic parameters were considered for inclusion in the logistic regression model if they had a statistically significant relationship with response rate on bivariate analysis at p<0.05 or if they were clinically relevant. Results Overall combined prevalence (obesity and overweight) was 86.5%; 52.3% had hypertriglyceridemia; 44.7% hypercholesterolemia; 46.7% insulin resistance; and 16% subclinical hypothyroidism. There was no statistically significant association between dyslipidemia, overweight, or insulin resistance and non-response in the homeopathy group [OR (95% CI) 1.57 (0.46–5.32), p=0.467; 0.37 (0.003–1.11), p=0.059; 0.67 (0.16–2.7), p=0.579, respectively]. Conclusion Metabolic dysregulation was not significantly associated with response to depression treatment in depressed climacteric women treated with individualized homeopathic treatment (IHT), fluoxetine or placebo. Due to the high prevalence of metabolic disorders and its relationship with depression in the climacteric, further investigation should be focused on whether individualized prescriptions based on classical homeopathy for depressed climacteric women have an effect on metabolic parameters, and/or if treating the metabolic disorders at the same time, could lead to higher response rates. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01635218 URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01635218'term=depression+homeopathy&rank=1
  
  PubDate: 2017-01-11T16:28:38Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2016.11.002
Homeopathy outperforms antibiotics treatment in juvenile scallop
Argopecten ventricosus: effects on growth, survival, and immune response
- Authors: José Manuel Mazón-Suástegui; Milagro García-Bernal; Pedro Enrique Saucedo; Ángel Campa-Córdova; Fernando Abasolo-Pacheco
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 10 January 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): José Manuel Mazón-Suástegui, Milagro García-Bernal, Pedro Enrique Saucedo, Ángel Campa-Córdova, Fernando Abasolo-Pacheco
  Background Mortality from vibriosis in mollusk production is attributed to pathogenic bacteria, particularly Vibrio alginolyticus. Use of increasingly potent antibiotics has led to bacterial resistance and increased pathogenicity. Alternatives in sanitation, safety, and environmental sustainability are currently under analysis. To-date, homeopathy has been investigated in aquaculture of freshwater fish, but not in marine mollusks. The effect of the homeopathic complexes in the growth, survival, and immune response of the Catarina scallop Argopecten ventricosus were assessed. Methods A bioassay to assess the potential of homeopathy in improving cultivation of juvenile A. ventricosus was conducted for 21 days, with a final challenge of 120 h with V. alginolyticus. The experimental design included two homeopathic formulas The homeopathic complex Passival, consisting of Passiflora incarnata 30 CH, Valeriana officinalis 30 CH, Ignatia amara 30 CH and Zincum valerianicum 30 CH plus Phosphoricum acid 30 CH (treatment TH1) or Silicea terra 30 CH (TH2), two antibiotics (ampicillin = AMP, oxytetracycline = OXY), and two reference treatments (without homeopathic or antibiotic treatment = CTRL, ethanol 30° GL = ETH). Additionally, a negative control CTRL− (untreated/uninfected) is included in the challenge test. Juvenile scallops (4.14 ± 0.06 mm, 13.33 mg wet weight) were cultivated in 4 L tanks provided with aerated, filtered (1 μm), and UV-sterilized seawater that was changed every third day. They were fed a blend of the microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros calcitrans (150,000 cells mL−1 twice a day). All treatments were directly added to the tank water and then 500 mL challenge units were inoculated with 1 × 107 CFU/mL (LD50) of V. alginolyticus. Results Juveniles grew significantly larger and faster in height and weight with TH2 compared to the ETH and CTRL (P < 0.05, ANOVA). Higher concentrations of proteins occurred in scallops exposed to TH2 (160.57 ± 7.79 mg g−1), compared to other treatments and reference treatments. Higher survival rate during the challenge bioassay occurred with TH1 (85%), compared to AMP (53%), OXY (30%), and CTRL (0%), and superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05) was significantly higher in scallops treated with TH1, compared to other treatments and reference treatments. Conclusions Homeopathic treatments improved growth and survival and enhanced survival against V. alginolyticus in juvenile A. ventricosus. This suggests that homeopathy is a viable treatment for this mollusk to reduce use of antibiotics in scallops and its progressive increase in pathogenicity in mollusk hatcheries.
  
  PubDate: 2017-01-11T16:28:38Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2016.12.002
Number of succussion strokes affects effectiveness of ultra-high-diluted
arsenic on in vitro wheat germination and polycrystalline structures
obtained by droplet evaporation method
- Authors: Lucietta Betti; Grazia Trebbi; Maria Olga Kokornaczyk; Daniele Nani; Maurizio Peruzzi; Giovanni Dinelli; Paolo Bellavite; Maurizio Brizzi
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 3 January 2017
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): Lucietta Betti, Grazia Trebbi, Maria Olga Kokornaczyk, Daniele Nani, Maurizio Peruzzi, Giovanni Dinelli, Paolo Bellavite, Maurizio Brizzi
  Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate whether the number of succussion strokes applied after each dilution step when preparing the homeopathic treatments influences the effectiveness of ultra-high-diluted (UHD) arsenic trioxide at the 45th decimal dilution/dynamization (As2O3 45x). Design Wheat seeds, previously stressed with ponderal As2O3, were treated with: As2O3 45x, H2O 45x (dynamized control), or pure water (negative control). The succussion was done manually, and various succussion durations (numbers of strokes) were tested for each treatment. Treatment effectiveness was tested blind using the in vitro germination test and the droplet evaporation method (DEM). Data were processed by the Poisson test (germination test) and by two-way analysis of variance (DEM). Main outcome measures We evaluated both the in vitro germination rate, by counting the non-germinated seeds, and the complexity of polycrystalline structures (PCS) (local connected fractal dimension (LCFD)) obtained by evaporating leakage droplets from stressed seeds that had been watered with the different treatments. Results We observed a highly significant increase in germination rate when the number of strokes (NS) was ≥32 for both As2O3 45x and H2O 45x, and a significant increase in the LCFD of PCS for As2O3 45x when the NS was ≥32 and for H2O 45x when it was 70. Conclusions Both experimental approaches showed increased effectiveness for treatments prepared with a higher number of succussion strokes. These results indicate that succussion may have an important influence on treatment effectiveness, and so highlight the need for further research.
  
  PubDate: 2017-01-11T16:28:38Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2016.12.001
Action of antibiotic oxacillin on in vitro growth of
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) previously treated with
homeopathic medicines
- Authors: Tânia Aguiar Passeti; Leandro Ribeiro Bissoli; Ana Paula Macedo; Registila Beltrame Libame; Susana Diniz; Silvia Waisse
  Abstract: Publication date: Available online 3 December 2016
  Source:Homeopathy
  Author(s): Tânia Aguiar Passeti, Leandro Ribeiro Bissoli, Ana Paula Macedo, Registila Beltrame Libame, Susana Diniz, Silvia Waisse
  Background Resistance to antibiotics is a major public health concern worldwide. New treatment options are needed and homeopathy is one such option. We sought to assess the effect of the homeopathic medicine Belladonna (Bell) and a nosode (biotherapy) prepared from a multi-drug resistant bacterial species, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), on the same bacterium. Methods Bell and MRSA nosode were prepared in 6cH and 30cH potencies in 30% alcohol and sterile water, according to the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopeia and tested on MRSA National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC) 10442. We assessed in vitro bacterial growth, deoxyribonuclease (DNAase) and hemolysin activity, and in vitro bacterial growth in combination with oxacillin (minimum inhibitory concentration – MIC). All values were compared to control: 30% alcohol and water. Results In vitro growth of MRSA was statistically significantly inhibited in the presence of Bell and nosode 6cH and 30cH compared to controls (p < 0.0001); and with combination of Bell or nosode 6cH and 30cH and oxacillin (p < 0.001). Bell 30cH and nosode 6cH and 30cH significantly decreased bacterial DNAse production (p < 0.001) and reduced red blood cell lysis. Conclusions Cultures of MRSA treated with Belladonna or MRSA nosode exhibited reduced growth in vitro, reduced enzymatic activity and became more vulnerable to the action of the antibiotic oxacillin. Further studies are needed on the biomolecular basis of these effects.
  
  PubDate: 2016-12-09T16:03:43Z
  DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2016.10.002