Authors:
Logan; W. Pages: 153 - 176 Abstract: The recent heritage literature abounds with criticism of UNESCO and the system set up under its World Heritage Convention. Much of this criticism would be better directed at the States Parties to the Convention, most of which operate in ways that serve their own national interest. Some, however, give mixed signals and demonstrate behaviour that seems inconsistent to the outside observer. Australia is an example of such a State Party, having been a leader in two seemingly opposed policy shifts within the World Heritage system during the last 15 years. On one hand, since the late 1990s Kakadu crisis it has sought to re-focus the World Heritage system on the conservation of Outstanding Universal Value to the detriment of important societal issues which the system could address more concertedly, such as the achievement of cultural dialogue and the entrenchment of human rights. On the other hand, Australia has been a principal advocate for greater involvement of Indigenous peoples in World Heritage nomination and management. The extent to which Australian governments have learnt to deal more sensitively with their Indigenous citizens is shown in the current development of the World Heritage nomination of Cape York. Australia’s apparently inconsistent behaviour within the World Heritage system reflects tensions within Australia’s internal governance arrangements and also at the interface between global governance and state governance. Clearer recognition of such tensions is necessary if a better understanding of the operations of the World Heritage system is to be achieved and if ways to improve the World Heritage system are to be found. PubDate: 2013-06-17T01:58:09-07:00 DOI: 10.1177/1469605313476783|hwp:resource-id:spjsa;13/2/153 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2013)
Authors:
Watson; M. C. Pages: 177 - 196 Abstract: Drawing from the science studies literature on scientific visualization, this essay examines how techniques of imaging Maya hieroglyphs have established conditions that constrain contemporary scholars’ systems of historical imagination and interpretation. I discuss imaging techniques innovated by three significant Mayanists: J. Eric S. Thompson, Merle Greene Robertson, and Linda Schele. Building on the work of historians of science Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison, I identify these Mayanist scholars’ techniques of visualization as established practices of ‘mechanical objectivity’ and ‘trained judgment’. These practices helped to reduce aesthetically complex and materially diverse ancient Maya inscriptions to the equivalent of modernist texts. I question this reduction, drawing from the work of Bruno Latour to advocate an empirical attentiveness to the located and embodied material practices that produce equivalences between objects rendered in diverse media: stone, paint, paper, and pixels. The essay thus calls for the extension of context-oriented archaeological empiricism to practices of image production. PubDate: 2013-06-17T01:58:09-07:00 DOI: 10.1177/1469605313483913|hwp:resource-id:spjsa;13/2/177 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2013)
Authors:
Brundle; L. Pages: 197 - 219 Abstract: This article examines the significance and social context of early Anglo-Saxon figurines. Dating to the seventh century AD, these objects are three-dimensional metallic sculptures of the human form, between 30 and 50 mm in length, and only 12 are known to exist. The figurative portrayal of the human form is exceptional; the majority of designs in this timeframe incorporating the human form are represented in two dimensions. The figurines are therefore a marked development in the manufacture and deployment of anthropomorphic representational art that demands explanation. The figurines are considered here in terms of their three-dimensionality, structural function and the gestures they represent. It is suggested that the figurines are crucial, if rare, material evidence for the emerging importance of gestural and gendered expression within elite social contexts. PubDate: 2013-06-17T01:58:09-07:00 DOI: 10.1177/1469605312469455|hwp:resource-id:spjsa;13/2/197 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2013)
Authors:
Thomas, E. J; Ross, A. Pages: 220 - 241 Abstract: In 2010 a large project to map the 5ha Gummingurru stone arrangement site on the Darling Downs, southeast Queensland, Australia, was completed; 9368 rocks were plotted and recorded and many of these rocks make up the over 20 motifs on the site. But Gummingurru is a site that is more than rocks. It is part of a large cultural landscape which includes neighboring sites, resource tree plantings, scarred trees, story places and memoryscapes (Lavers, 2010). Current mapping of the site and the associated landscape features has been inhibited by the constraints of two-dimensional mapping. In this article we outline an alternative map for the site and its cultural landscape – the Prezi web-based tool. The Prezi ‘map’ allows the documentation of a fluid and contextual approach to place and is easily updated or modified as data or attachment to place change. PubDate: 2013-06-17T01:58:09-07:00 DOI: 10.1177/1469605312470986|hwp:resource-id:spjsa;13/2/220 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2013)
Authors:
Schwarz; K. R. Pages: 242 - 265 Abstract: Recent studies of post-collapse regeneration of early state societies have explained the renewed growth of social complexity using the concepts of template regeneration and stimulus regeneration. While such terms are useful generalized concepts, the discussion around them in practice inhibits an understanding of the various social processes implicated in the renewed growth of states, particularly due to the primary focus on elite urban populations. Rather than emphasizing types of regeneration, my approach analyzes how agents transformed rural communities during collapse and subsequent restructuring. Utilizing a case study from the Petén Lakes region, Guatemala, the article makes the point that rural commoners must be considered active to adequately characterize regeneration. An examination of the base of society focuses on intentional choices made to change settlement patterns, architecture and stone tool procurement and usage in order to better understand heterogeneity in the Classic-Postclassic transformation of Maya society (AD 750–1200). PubDate: 2013-06-17T01:58:09-07:00 DOI: 10.1177/1469605313487820|hwp:resource-id:spjsa;13/2/242 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2013)
Authors:
Peterson; R. Pages: 266 - 283 Abstract: This article is concerned with archaeological evidence for the mechanisms by which group memory is transmitted. Specifically, how do natural places such as caves and rock shelters retain their status as foci for ritual activity? It draws upon recent social and archaeological theory around embodied memory; in particular, Connerton’s (1989) division of memory claims into three kinds. These are: personal memory claims, cognitive memory claims and habit-memory. It is argued that cognitive memory claims and habit-memory should be regarded as aspects of the same process of remembering; following Gell (1998) and Jones (2007), physical traces of past action are regarded as central to this act of memory. Three encounters with memory are analysed: managing memories, remembering a lesson learnt and formal performance which reinforces group memories. It is argued that all three share some of the attributes of a ritual performance. An analysis of biographies of practice is proposed to draw out these links between small-scale habit-memory and long-term group memory. PubDate: 2013-06-17T01:58:09-07:00 DOI: 10.1177/1469605312455768|hwp:resource-id:spjsa;13/2/266 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2013)
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