Abstract: Histoire et archéologie de l’Antiquité tardiveP. ATHANASSIADI, Vers la pensée unique (François Paschoud) ; N. CHRISTIE, The Fall of the Western Roman Empire (Sylvain Janniard) ; D. GWYNN, S. BANGERT (dir.), Religious Diversity in Late Antiquity (Charles Nicolas) ; F. K. HAARER, Anastasius. Politics and Empire in the Late Roman World (Sylvain Destephen) ; M. MEIER, Anastasios I. Die Entstehung des Byzantinischen Reiches (Sylvain Destephen) ; C. NEMO-PEKELMAN, Rome et ses citoyens juifs (Pierre-Henri Ortiz) ; S. TEILLET, Des Goths à la nation gothique (Michaël Vannesse)RégionsJ. BEMMAN, M. SCHMAUDER (dir.), Kulturwandel im Mitteleuropa. Langobarden - Awaren - Slawen (Katalin Escher) ; F. CURTA, R. KOVALEV (dir.), The Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars, and Cumans (Danijel Dzino) ; B. DOTSON. The Old Tibetan Annals (Anne Chayet) ; F. FATTI, Giuliano a Cesarea. La politica ecclesiastica del principe apostata (Sylvain Destephen) ; E. JEFFREYS, J. HALDON, R. CORMACK (dir.), The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies (Sylvain Destephen) ; A. M. SCHOR, Theodoret’s People. Social Networks and Religious Conflict in Late Roman Syria (Vincent Puech) ; J. VIZCAINO SANCHEZ, La presencia bizantina en Hispania (siglos VI-VII). La documentación arqueológica (Enrico Zanini) ; J. WOOD, The Politics of Identity in Visigothic Spain (Luis A. García Moreno)Philologie et sourcesA. ASTE, Avidio Cassio. Aspetti storici e letterari di una secessione et Le vite minori dell’Historia Augusta. D. Septimius Claudius Albinus (François Paschoud) ; J. BUSCH, Vom Amtswalten zum Königsdienst. Beobachtungen zur "Staatssprache" des Frühmittelalters am Beispiel des Wortes administratio (François Bougard) ; P. CAMASTRA, Letteratura latina tardoantica (Jean-Louis Charlet) ; R. FLORIO, Transformaciones del héroe y el viaje heroico en el Peristephanon de Prudencio (Jean-Louis Charlet) ; A. GOLTZ, H. LEPPIN, H. SCHLANGE-SCHÖNINGEN (dir.), Jenseits der Grenzen (Philippe Blaudeau) ; M. LOT-BORODINE, La déifcation de l’homme selon la doctrine des Pères grecs (Juliette Prudhomme) ; S. MALICK-PRUNIER, Le corps féminin dans la poésie latine tardive (Nicole Hecquet-Noti) ; E. MONTERO CARTELLE, Tipologia de la literatura médica latina (Pierre-Henri Ortiz) ; F. PASCHOUD (dir.), Histoire Auguste - Tome IV, 3e partie : Vies des Trente Tyrans et de Claude (Daniël den Hengst) ; TERTULLIEN, Le manteau (Laetitia Ciccolini)Notes de lectureJ. ELFASSI (dir.), Isidori Hispalensis episcopi Synonyma (Jean-Yves Guillaumin) ; M.-F. GUIPPONI-GINESTE, Claudien, poète du monde à la cour d’Occident (Florence Garambois) ; HILAIRE DE POITIERS, Commentaires sur les Psaumes, Tome I (Juliette Prudhomme)
Content Type Journal Article Category Review Pages 393-475
DOI 10.1484/J.AT.5.100819
Journal Antiquité Tardive
Abstract: Back Matter ("Publications reçues en 2012", "Instructions aux auteurs", "Recommendations to Authors ", "Bibliothèque de l'Antiquité tardive")
Content Type Journal Article Category Original Pages 476-480
Journal Antiquité Tardive
Abstract: Ce long mémoire est en fait un compte rendu développé du récent livre de Al. Cameron (The Last Pagans of Rome), comportant cependant une spécificité qui doit être signalée. Si les parties initiale et finale concernent l’ensemble de cet ouvrage de 800 pages, le reste est formé d’une suite d’études particulières qui ne discutent en détail qu’une partie des thèmes qui y sont abordés, à savoir ceux qui m’intéressent plus spécifiquement et à propos desquels Al. Cameron défend des positions fort différentes des miennes : le portrait des derniers païens de Rome, le refus du grand pontificat par Gratien, le Carmen contra paganos, la fin du règne de Théodose et l’après-Frigidus, Aurélien et Apollonios de Tyane, Nicomaque Flavien et ses Annales, l’Epitome de Caesaribus, Nicomaque Flavien, Symmaque et Macrobe, Eunape et Zosime, Jean d’Antioche, enfin l’Histoire Auguste, sa date de composition et sa place dans le débat entre païens et chrétiens.CONTREPOINT: Fabian Clément : À propos de l’ouvrage de St. Ratti, Polémiques entre païens et chrétiens, Paris 2012
Content Type Journal Article Category Original Pages 359-392
DOI 10.1484/J.AT.1.103112
Authors
François Paschoud
Journal Antiquité Tardive
Abstract: Dans le Caucase du sud, les monuments architecturaux de l’époque paléochrétienne sont très nombreux. Dans son mémoire d’habilitation, rédigé en allemand et soutenu à l’Université de Jena sous le titre Frühchristliche Architektur in Kaukasien. Die Entwicklung der christlichen Sakralbaus in Lazika, Iberien, Armenien, Albanien und den Grenzregionen vom 4. bis zum 7. Jh. - L’architecture paléochrétienne dans le Caucase. Le développement de l’édifice sacré chrétien en Lazique, Ibérie, Arménie, Albanie et dans les régions limitrophes du IVeau VIIesiècle (Vienne, 2007) -, Annegret Plontke-Lüning envisage plus de 260 monuments. Pour la première fois, sont réunis dans un seul ouvrage la plupart de ces monuments des IVe-VIIesiècles. L’entreprise est certes très ambitieuse : A. Plontke- Lüning utilise néanmoins la méthode traditionnelle de l’analyse typologique. Or, aujourd’hui, les ressources mêmes de cette méthode sont souvent contestables. Non seulement les aspects historiques, chronologiques et topographiques, ainsi que certaines caractéristiques de l’architecture proprement dite échappent de manière générale à une telle analyse, mais il paraît également difficile, dans l’état actuel des recherches, d’établir un tableau cohérent de l’histoire de cette architecture. Subsistent encore par ailleurs des désaccords concernant, sur le plan concret, l’identification des types architecturaux. Ce livre suscite et, très probablement, suscitera encore des discussions et des débats. A. Plontke-Lüning a eu raison de conclure son livre de manière significative en disant que « la nouvelle évaluation de l’architecture du Caucase vient juste de commencer » (« Die Neubewertung der Architektur Kaukasiens hat gerade esrt begonnen » [p. 348]).
Content Type Journal Article Category Original Pages 343-357
Abstract: This article presents the first results of a new archaeological survey carried out by the LA3M laboratory (CNRS / Aix-Marseille University), in cooperation with archaeologists from Armenia, on Yereruyk Early Christian and Medieval site, in the North-West of the Republic of Armenia.The report is introduced by a brief history of the study of Yereruyk, and a short presentation of its place in Armenian architecture. Then follow synthetic observations on the main fields of intervention of LA3M’s multidisciplinary team: building archaeology of preserved elevations, lapidary material, excavations in the necropolis (cemetery), on the basilica’s South edge, anthropological aspects of these investigations, and lastly, preliminary geomorphologic observations around the remains of a “dam”. The article ends with prospects of orientations for following campaigns.
Content Type Journal Article Category Original Pages 315-341
DOI 10.1484/J.AT.1.103110
Authors
Paul Bailet Patrick Donabédian Andreas Hartmann-Virnich Christophe Jorda Georges Marchand Damien Martinez Laurent Schneider
Journal Antiquité Tardive
Abstract: Three of the Christian inscriptions presented here are epitaphs discovered in a chaptel inside an important Roman thermal complex disaffected without any precise date. Whereas both of the first texts are not very orignal, the third one is much more interesting. It is inscribed on a marbeled slab at the entrance of an apsidal room isolated from the rest of the space by chancels, and belongs to a preast “Crescentius sanctus”. The latter word is generally reserved to martyrs, confessors or bishops, but we can here understand it in discovering the rest of the inscription: corpus digne in seculo conbersatum (instead of conversatum) in hoc loco in pace constatesse humatu(m). In comparison with other texts such as Agaune in Gaule (ILC 3766), digne in seculo conbersatum could mean that our preast had led his life without excluding ascetism. The use of constat followed by the infinitive proposition, which is a lawful word (inscription of Roman catacombes), is written on this epitaph because of its solemnity, unless we link this word to corpus and sanctus in a context of a priviliged inhumation - which is probably certain.
Content Type Journal Article Category Original Pages 307-314
Abstract: Late Antique and Early Medieval world is marked by a complexity of social, cultural and economic phenomena, which evolve from the classical to the medieval patterns, with changing and developing elements, and periodically returning elements. Artistic productions, and architectural decoration in particular, were not strangers to this process, since they never abandoned classicism definitely that survives through two phenomena: old material recycling and stylistic imitation of classical models. Both phenomena, which respond to ideological, symbolic and economy of means factors, are often interrelated. They are the result of a reappraisal of the classic that has the ability to transport the spectator to a bygone era and the coexistence of spolia and imitations pursues usually the homogenization of the elements that decorate a building.
Content Type Journal Article Category Original Pages 275-306
DOI 10.1484/J.AT.1.103108
Authors
Javier Á. Domingo Magaña
Journal Antiquité Tardive
Abstract: This paper aims to analyze and discuss the different spatial contexts in which churches were founded in Galicia (Northwest Spain) between the 5thand the 8thcentury. This is a topic with great potential, but scarcely studied so far by Spanish historians, since texts offer very little evidences about the specific contexts of foundation, and material data have almost only been approached from perspectives of traditional archaeology or history of art. The present work aims to explore these spatial contexts of Galician churches foundation from a catalogue of 50 possible Late Antique ecclesiastical buildings, based both on archaological works and stilistic-typological approaches. Although some of the data are still problematic, interesting ideas relating distribution and archaeological substrates can be observed in the general corpus. Following these premises, in the first part it is discussed the wider geographical frame of church foundation, mainly the distribution of evidences in relation to different Galician environments and Late Antique territorial articulation. So, it is observed an important relationship between evidences of churches and Roman-Late Roman dynamic axis and areas in Galicia. The second part analyzes the relation of the evidences with their archaeological substrates and discusses different evolutions from Roman to Medieval uses, which are not always lineal. This means dealing with the concepts of continuity-break and pragmatical-symbolical reuse, and it will be discussed here whether material techniques are reliable indicators of socioeconomical development. In the third part some proposals regarding different historical and geographical contexts for church foundation in Late Antique and Early Medieval Galicia are presented. Complexity and variety in cases are likely to be bigger than usually thought and approaches such as the study of building techniques can be, in the future, a powerful indicator to solve some problems. In general, in spite of many limits, Late Antique foundation of churches in Galicia, show similar characteristics to other Western European regions.
Content Type Journal Article Category Original Pages 255-273
DOI 10.1484/J.AT.1.103107
Authors
José Carlos Sánchez-Pardo
Journal Antiquité Tardive
Abstract: A semantic analysis of two lemmas, antiquitas and uetustas, shows that Macrobius does not look towards Antiquity with blind fervour, but with a kind of qualified respect. In the eyes of the members of the banquet of his Saturnalia, Virgil achieves perfection. By making use of previous authors, he maintained their life and promoted them to a greater destiny: the Mantuan is not a despoiler but a defender of literary inheritance. Regarding Servius, the one presented by Macrobius is rather different from the real Servius: whereas the latter took from the poets of the Silver Age of Latin literature - Lucan, Statius and Juvenal - to explain the work of Virgil, the one pictured by Macrobius does not.
Content Type Journal Article Category Original Pages 241-254
DOI 10.1484/J.AT.1.103106
Authors
Philippe Bruggisser
Journal Antiquité Tardive
Abstract: Cette contribution analyse la présence et le traitement spécifique de la Grâce dans les Sermones ad populum que saint Augustin a donné à l’occasion de la fête liturgique de Pentecôte. Treize sermons sont liés à cette célébration : ss. 29, 29A, 29B, 266-272, 272A, 272B, 378 ; aucun n’avait jusqu’ici été étudié en détail et tous n’avaient pas été pris en compte. Par ailleurs, aucune attention n’a jamais été accordée, dans les sermons liturgiques en général, au thème de la grâce. Il est apparu intéressant de voir si, et comment, saint Augustin aborde le thème de la grâce dans le cas particulier des sermons liturgiques et jusqu’à quel point il le traite différemment dans ses autres écrits, notamment ceux à l’encontre des idées de Pélage.
Content Type Journal Article Category Original Pages 217-240
Abstract: Diocletian divided many provinces and created the system of dioceses made up of several provinces. Many scholars consider his reform as establishing greater centralization: henceforth each provincial governor could control more strictly the cities under his rule. A sentence of Lactantius’ De Mortibus Persecutorum (VII, 4) is frequently cited in order to justify that view, but the fact that he was a Christian writer who harshly criticized the persecutors should not be overlooked. The aim of this article is to reconsider the real effect of the administrative reform on the relationship between the provincial cities and the imperial authority in the case of the African provinces, where many inscriptions give us abundant information.First, the situation of Proconsularis is discussed. The date of the division of that province is uncertain: there is a strong case for 303, but 294/295 is possible. Therefore we examine successively the situation under Diocletian before 294, then from 295 on, ending with an analysis of the situation under of the reign of Constantine. In the first part of Diocletian’s reign, the activities of proconsul T. Cl. Aurelius Aristobulus are very important, but the province was not yet divided during his term. His activities should not be regarded as evidence for centralization, but as a policy aimed at facilitating the provincial reform. The province of Africa Proconsularis seems to be divided immediately after his departure. In the second part of Diocletian’s reign, no inscription testifies the development of centralization. Many cities continued to restore and construct public works and dedicate inscriptions to the Tetrarchic emperors on their own initiative and at their own expense.In the reign of Constantine, the influence of senatorial governors seems to get stronger than before. According to some scholars, that situation was created by Diocletian’s administrative reform. But due to the shortness of his term, a provincial governor did not matter to the cities. Rather, they wanted to reinforce long relationship with influential senators, as the ordo recovered influence and power under Constantine.It seems that the governors of Numidia and Mauretania encroached more on the municipal life than those of Proconsularis and Byzacena. But such a situation was not created by the reform of Diocletian: in Numidia, the third Augustan legion was stationed there and governors could use the soldiers. Besides, the number of cities was limited. In Mauretania, cities were few, and the governors had to make war against the mountain dwellers.In conclusion, the examination of epigraphic and legal documents does not testify the development of centralization after the administrative reform of Diocletian. The differences between provinces and the effects of political change should be paid more attention to better comprehend the relationship between provincial cities and the imperial authority.
Content Type Journal Article Category Original Pages 173-204
Abstract: Le feuillet en ivoire dit de Consécration ou d’Apothéose, conservé au British Museum à Londres, pose beaucoup de problèmes délicats : quand et où a-t-il été produit ' Qui en est le protagoniste ' Qui en était le commanditaire ' Quel était le sujet du second feuillet du diptyque ' Certains ont voulu identifier le protagoniste à un empereur : Antonin le Pieux, ou Marc Aurèle, ou Julien dit l’Apostat, en plaçant l’ivoire vers 430/486. D’autres l’ont associé à un homme privé : le sénateur Symmaque, décédé en 402, ou Théodose père. J’estime que l’ivoire montre Quintus Aurelius Memmius Symmaque, consul en 485, et que le feuillet perdu était consacré à son beau-fils, le philosophe Boèce. En outre, je propose que le diptyque ait été commandé par les deux fils du Boèce - Fl. Symmaque et Fl. Boèce - en mémoire de la mort par exécution, en 525 environ, de leur père et grand-père.
Content Type Journal Article Category Original Pages 205-215
Abstract: Cet article traite de la question de l’esclavage romain en tant que problème dans la tradition du matérialisme historique. Face à l’ampleur exceptionnelle du système esclavagiste romain, les historiens de l’économie ont élaboré des théories tendant à expliquer sa croissance et son développement. Marx et Weber surtout, dans leurs efforts initiaux pour historiciser le développement économique, ont opéré une forte distinction entre les processus pré-capitalistes et capitalistes. Ils ont trouvé, dans la thèse de la conquête, une explication toute prête pour rendre raison de l’expansion de l’esclavagisme romain - cette thèse revenant à considérer que le système esclavagiste romain était la conséquence directe de l’impérialisme romain. Cette vision a eu un sérieux impact sur la perception de la dynamique historique du système et a notamment eu une profonde influence sur la manière dont la « fin » ou « transformation » de l’esclavage a été abordée. Le présent article suggère que les débats contemporains - par exemple les récentes discussions entre Wickham et Banaji - ont été influencés par ces premières tentatives pour distinguer l’esclavagisme romain du capitalisme moderne.
Content Type Journal Article Category Original Pages 165-172
Abstract: In the XVth chapter of his monograph Armenia in the Period of Justinian, Nikolaj Adontz traced a short but important outline of the problems of land tenure in the kingdom of Greater Armenia. Adontz eventually praised the documentary value of the History of Armenia (Patmut‘iwn Hayoc‘) by Movsēs Xorenats‘i, a historian who nowadays is considered with suspicion. In his historiographical work, he claims that the Arsacid dynasty founded the basis of the society of the kingdom of Greater Armenia, including the organization of landed property. Accordingly, Xorenats‘i is, to a certain extent, more sensitive to the Realien than the other contemporary Armenian historiographers, who prefer to concentrate on social relations rather than considering the material and administrative aspects of rural economy.
Content Type Journal Article Category Original Pages 161-164
Abstract: La principale innovation concernant la technologie du pressoir à vin et à huile depuis presque 2000 ans intervient entre le Iersiècle avant J. C. et le Iersiècle après J. C., avec l’utilisation de la vis, mais la diffusion la plus large de cette technologie ne s’est faite qu’à l’époque tardive au Levant, en Égypte, à Chypre et en Turquie. Comment la diffusion d’une telle innovation se répercute-t-elle dans le cadre plus général de l’économie rurale ' Des exemples de pressoirs des Ieret IIesiècles après J. C. en Italie, Gaule et Espagne, ainsi que ceux du Proche-Orient tardif témoignent des conditions favorables qu’a pu offrir l’exportation intensive des productions à l’adoption de nouveaux mécanismes de pressoirs. Pour autant, l’absence notable de pressoirs à vis en Tunisie, Tripolitaine et Methana montre que de hauts niveaux de production ne suffisaient pas à stimuler de tels changements techniques. La présence de propriétaires locaux ou de métayers vivant à proximité de leurs terres semble avoir eu plus d’impact sur l’innovation de techniques productives. Les formes d’habitat de la Méditerranée orientale apparaissent en ce sens significatives. Contrairement aux petites fermes dispersées de l’Occident, elles pouvaient manifestement fournir une importante main d’oeuvre saisonnière nécessaire à des opérations de pressoirs à vis laborieux. Plusieurs petits pressoirs à vis correspondaient sans doute à une bonne solution technologique pour de tels producteurs, en leur permettant de traiter plus efficacement les différents lots de raisins ou d’olives.
Content Type Journal Article Category Original Pages 137-149
Abstract: Research on late Antique rural Gaul has sufficiently progressed these last decades, in order to draw a global outline of rural economy, its tools and techniques. After an introduction to the evolution of late rural Gaul, this article examines the main agrarian productions, and analyses the changes that took place from the end of the 3rdcentury onwards. Livestock breeding, cereal, vegetable and fruits, as well as wine and oil production are successively analysed, based on examples chosen for their exemplary character. Apart from these agrarian productions, equal attention is given to non-agrarian resources, that seem to take an important place in state-owned economy. Lastly, cereal processing enables the questioning of innovating techniques.
Content Type Journal Article Category Original Pages 151-159
DOI 10.1484/J.AT.1.103100
Authors
Paul Van Ossel Claude Raynaud
Journal Antiquité Tardive
Abstract: The Theodosian Code, which was first enforced in January 439, was meant as a tool to enable lawyers to put an end to ceaseless squabbles caused by a host of confused and obscure texts. After a brief reminder of the models relating to the later Roman Empire as put forward by scholars, this paper aims to deal with three aspects of the judiciary relations between men and land as shown by the constitutions, namely the usurpatio of land, the issue of agri deserti and the ways and means to which the Res privata resorted to make their estates profitable.
Content Type Journal Article Category Original Pages 123-135
DOI 10.1484/J.AT.1.103098
Authors
Pierre Jaillette
Journal Antiquité Tardive
Abstract: Three general issues, which have been recently widely discussed, are relevant to the historical reconstruction of different provincial setups in Late Antiquity.One issue is whether rural slavery was quantitatively limited everywhere in the Empire and should be included in the free colonate, as scholars mainly argued in past decades, or whether it remained the type of labour more suitable to agricultural systems oriented towards a market economy, thus particularly flourishing in the East during the 4th-5thcentury AD development.Recent economic and legal historical research has identified colonate not as an organic part of agricultural systems where property did not concentrate on direct production but as a different institution: not a type of land rent but a “contract of employment” where coloni cultivated manorial lands (here again East and Egypt predominate) and were paid by the use of plots of land. Therefore in a kind of “precapitalistic” context the colonic workforce was a salary.Lastly was the luxurious Late Roman villa (praetorium) mainly the site for accumulation of surpluses produced autonomously in colonic farms or did it keep specific features of the classic model, i.e. resident slaves and direct agricultural production' Were well-known western villas similar to those still to be explored thoroughly in the East'
Content Type Journal Article Category Original Pages 115-122
Abstract: Cet article vise à présenter un panorama critique de la recherche actuelle sur l’impact des crises de subsistance et des épidémies sur les populations des campagnes tardo-antiques. Mon intention est d’offrir un état de la question, ainsi que des suggestions pour des recherches futures. Dans cette étude centrée sur l’est de la Méditerranée, l’apport des sources écrites est confrontée aux données des études paléopathologiques récentes qui nous éclairent sur l’état de santé et de nutrition des populations rurales entre le IVeet le VIIIesiècle. La présence de maladies comme la peste, la malaria ou la lèpre est aussi bien évaluée que les états qui prouvent une malnutrition chronique et ses effets sur les populations.
Content Type Journal Article Category Original Pages 105-114
Abstract: Front Matter ("Editorial board", "Title page", "Principales abréviations", Table of contents", "Éditorial")
Content Type Journal Article Category Original Pages 1-10
Journal Antiquité Tardive Print ISSN 1250-7334
Journal Volume Volume 20
Journal Issue Volume 20, Volume 20 / 2012 PubDate: Fri, 16 Nov 2012 14:21:45 GMT
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