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American Journal of Biomedical Research
Number of Followers: 2

This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 2328-3947 - ISSN (Online) 2328-3955
Published by Science and Education Publishing

[75 journals]

Have We Passed the Peak' Prevalence and Clinical Presentations of
Covid-19 among Sudanese Health Workers
- Authors: Marwan M Badawi; Hazim I El-amin, Ammar N Mohammed, Elsiddig H Elfaki, Tagwa M Badawi, Marwa M Badawi, Abdullah A Othman
  Pages: 59 - 62
  Abstract: Until the 21st of June 2020, more than 1,773,084 worldwide were confirmed cases in the pandemic, among which 111,652 deaths as reported by international health authorities. Majority of patients show a mild presentation of the disease and have good prognosis. The current study was designed to investigate seropositivity of practicing healthcare workers and identify their related clinical symptoms if they found to be seropositive. Known previous positive healthcare workers as well as staff working in isolation wards were excluded. Thirty one healthcare workers were introduced in the study. All participants were firstly screened by Covid-19 ICT screening kits. Covid-19 IgM and IgG antibody levels were further detected using automated CLIA assay for all ICT reactive samples to IgM, IgG or both. Among the 4 participants who were found to be IgM seropositive after screening only 2 (50%) were found to be positive after conducting CLIA assay. Moreover, among the IgG seropositive specimens according to initial screening, 6 (85%) were found to be seropositive after conducting CLIA assay. Eventually, 7 (22%) practicing healthcare workers were found to be exposed to Covid-19 despite of the reactive antibody class as indicated by CLIA assay. Sudan is lacking organized Covid-19 screening programs due to the shortage of testing resources. The current result- although of the low sample size indicated a prevalence of 22% seropositivity among people who look healthy and practice their regular jobs. Taking that under considerations, Covid-19 viral infection prevalence peak might has been passed. Other large-scale studies are appreciated to be approached to better judge the current findings.
  PubDate: 2020-09-02
  DOI: 10.12691/ajbr-8-3-1
  Issue No: Vol. 8, No. 3 (2020)
Wound Healing Activities of Latex of Grassleaf Spurge (Euphobia graminea
Jacq.)
- Authors: Morakinyo A. E; Akinpelu B. A, Bolaji A. O, Adelowo J. M, Babarinde S. O, Orimolade O.O, Oladimeji O. D, Adewola O. O, Oyedapo O. O
  Pages: 63 - 71
  Abstract: The present study evaluated the wound healing potentials of E. graminea (EG) latex. The latex of EG was screened for the presence of phytochemical constituents; in vitro antioxidant property and erythrocyte membrane stabilizing activity was used to investigate anti-inflammatory property of the latex. The wound healing potential of E. graminea latex (EGL) was investigated via incision and dead space wound models in wistar rats; eighteen wistar rats (separately for each model) were randomly divided into 3 groups (6 in each group): Group A: wound + EGL ; Group B: wound + Gentamycin (G); Group C: wound without treatment (control). Wound breaking strength (Incision model), hexuronic acid and hexosamine concentrations, activities of antioxidants biomolecules (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione) as well as the levels of free radicals (nitric oxide-NO, malondialdehyde -MDA) were evaluated in the granulation tissue (dead space model) of experimental rats. The result of the study revealed that EGL tested positive for the presence of saponins, alkaloids, triterpenes, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides. Also, EGL contained an appreciable concentration of total flavonoids and phenolics. The latex exhibited mild ferric reducing power, inhibited DPPH in dose dependent manner as well as protected red blood cells against hypotonic and heat induced lyses. In wound incision model, EGL exhibited 13.6 % increase in wound breaking strength when compared to the control animals. Also, in dead space wound model, there was significant increase (p < 0.05) in hexoxamine, hexuronic acid and GSH concentrations as well as SOD activity in EGL and gentamycin treated wound compared to the control. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in MDA concentration in EGL and gentamycin treated wound compared to the control while NO level and catalase activity showed no significant difference. This study revealed that EGL contained potentially bioactive molecules that could be employed in the treatment of wound.
  PubDate: 2020-09-10
  DOI: 10.12691/ajbr-8-3-2
  Issue No: Vol. 8, No. 3 (2020)
Modeling Osteoarthritis Using Three-Dimensional Culture
- Authors: Alexandra Fiederlein; Jodi F. Evans
  Pages: 72 - 74
  Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by the degradation of cartilage caused by dysregulated and inappropriate anabolic and catabolic responses. To study this degeneration in vitro, three-dimensional (3D) culture provides a better model of the in vivo environment compared to the 2D culture along with a multitude of other benefits, providing greater insight into the progression of OA. These 3D cultures can be used in inflammation modeling of OA, demonstrating the effect of inflammatory agents such as cytokines or macrophages. In 3D damage modeling of OA, a wide variety of factors are used to cause damage, and researchers may observe repair and the progression of damage. Therapeutic modeling of OA using 3D culture allows researchers to test possible therapeutic modalities. This review highlights the benefits of 3D culture, and how, when used in inflammation, damage, and therapeutic models, brings a deeper understanding of OA.
  PubDate: 2020-10-12
  DOI: 10.12691/ajbr-8-3-3
  Issue No: Vol. 8, No. 3 (2020)