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Publisher: Springer-Verlag   (Total: 2353 journals)

 Astronomy Letters   [SJR: 0.58]   [H-I: 30]   [20 followers]  Follow         Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)    ISSN (Print) 1562-6873 - ISSN (Online) 1063-7737    Published by Springer-Verlag  [2353 journals]
• HI content in galactic disks: The role of gravitational instability
• Authors: A. V. Zasov; N. A. Zaitseva
Pages: 439 - 451
Abstract: Abstract We examine the dependence of the total hydrogen mass M HI in late-type star-forming galaxies on rotation velocity V rot and optical size D 25 or radial scale length R 0 of the disk for two samples of galaxies: (i) isolated galaxies (AMIGA) and (ii) galaxies with edge-on disks (flat galaxies according to Karachentsev et al.). M HI given in the HYPERLEDA database for flat galaxies have turned out to be, on average, overestimated by ~0.2 dex compared to isolated galaxies with similar V rot or D 25, which is apparently due to an overestimation of the self-absorption in the HI line. The hydrogen mass in the galaxies of both samples closely correlates with the total specific angular momentum of the galactic disk J, which is proportional to V rot D 25 or V rot R 0, with the low-surface-brightness galaxies lying along the common V rot R 0 sequence. We discuss the possibility of explaining the relationship between M HI and V rot D 25 by assuming that the gas mass in the disk is regulated by the marginal gravitational stability condition for the gas layer. Comparison of the observed and theoretically expected dependences leads us to conclude that either the gravitational stability corresponds to higher values of the Toomre parameter than is usually assumed, or the threshold stability condition formost galaxies was fulfilled only in the past, when the gasmass in the disks was a factor of 2–4 higher than that at present (except for the galaxies with an anomalously high observed HI content). The latter condition requires that for most galaxies the conversion of gas into stars be not compensated by the external accretion of gas onto the disk.
PubDate: 2017-07-01
DOI: 10.1134/s1063773717070052
Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 7 (2017)

• Vertical distribution and kinematics of protoplanetary nebulae in the
galaxy
• Authors: V. V. Bobylev; A. T. Bajkova
Pages: 452 - 463
Abstract: Abstract The catalogue of protoplanetary nebulae by Vickers et al. has been supplemented with the line-of-sight velocities and proper motions of their central stars from the literature. Based on an exponential density distribution, we have estimated the vertical scale height from objects with an age less than 3 Gyr belonging to the Galactic thin disk (luminosities higher than 5000 L ⊙) to be h = 146 ± 15 pc, while from a sample of older objects (luminosities lower than 5000 L ⊙) it is h = 568 ± 42 pc. We have produced a list of 147 nebulae in which there are only the line-of-sight velocities for 55 nebulae, only the proper motions for 25 nebulae, and both line-of-sight velocities and proper motions for 67 nebulae. Based on this kinematic sample, we have estimated the Galactic rotation parameters and the residual velocity dispersions of protoplanetary nebulae as a function of their age. We have established that there is a good correlation between the kinematic properties of nebulae and their separation in luminosity proposed by Vickers. Most of the nebulae are shown to be involved in the Galactic rotation, with the circular rotation velocity at the solar distance being V 0 = 227 ± 23 km s−1. The following principal semiaxes of the residual velocity dispersion ellipsoid have been found: (σ1, σ2, σ3) = (47, 41, 29) km s−1 from a sample of young protoplanetary nebulae (with luminosities higher than 5000 L ⊙), (σ1, σ2, σ3) = (50, 38, 28) km s−1 from a sample of older protoplanetary nebulae (with luminosities of 4000 L ⊙ or 3500 L ⊙), and (σ1, σ2, σ3) = (91, 49, 36) km s−1 from a sample of halo nebulae (with luminosities of 1700 L ⊙).
PubDate: 2017-07-01
DOI: 10.1134/s1063773717070027
Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 7 (2017)

• The nature of the bimodal luminosity distribution of ultraluminous X-ray
pulsars
• Authors: S. A. Grebenev
Pages: 464 - 471
Abstract: Abstract The mechanism that can be responsible for the bimodal luminosity distribution of super-Eddington X-ray pulsars in binary systems is pointed out. The transition from the high to low state of these objects is explained by accretion flow spherization due to the radiation pressure at certain (high) accretion rates. The transition between the states can be caused by a gradual change in the accretion rate. The complex behavior of the recently discovered ultraluminous X-ray pulsars M 82 X-2, NGC 5907 ULX-1, and NGC 7793 P13 is explained by the proposed mechanism. The proposed model also naturally explains the measured spinup of the neutron star in these pulsars, which is slower than the expected one by several times.
PubDate: 2017-07-01
DOI: 10.1134/s1063773717050012
Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 7 (2017)

• 3D stellar reddening map from 2MASS photometry: An improved version
• Authors: G. A. Gontcharov
Pages: 472 - 488
Abstract: Abstract An improved version of the 3D stellar reddening map in a space with a radius of 1200 pc around the Sun and within 600 pc of the Galactic midplane is presented. As in the previous 2010 and 2012 versions of the map, photometry with an accuracy better than 0.05 m in the J and Ks bands for more than 70 million stars from the 2MASS catalogue is used in the new version. However, the data reduction technique is considerably more complicated. As before, an analysis of the distribution of stars near the main-sequence turnoff on the (J − Ks)−Ks diagram, where they form a distribution maximum, provides a basis for the method. The shift of this maximum, i.e., the mode (J − Ks), along (J − Ks) and Ks, given the spatial variations of the mean dereddened color (J − Ks)0 of these stars, is interpreted as a growth of the reddening with increasing distance. The main distinction of the new method is that instead of the fixed mean absolute magnitude, dereddened color, distance, and reddening for each cell, the individual values of these quantities are calculated for each star by iterations when solving the system of equations relating them. This has allowed one to increase the random accuracy of the map to 0.01 m and its spatial resolution to 20 pc in coordinates and distance and to 1° in longitude and latitude. Comparison with other reddening estimates for the same spatial cells and Gaia DR1 TGAS stars shows that the constructed map is one of the best maps for the space under consideration. Its systematic errors have been estimated to be σ(E(J − Ks)) = 0.025 m , or σ(E(B − V)) = 0.04 m . The main purpose of the map is to analyze the characteristics of Galactic structures, clouds, and cloud complexes. For this purpose, the reddening map within each spatial cell has also been computed by analyzing the reddening along each line of sight.
PubDate: 2017-07-01
DOI: 10.1134/s1063773717070039
Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 7 (2017)

• Variability of the period of the star DU Monocerotis, an RR Lyrae variable
with the Blazhko effect
• Authors: L. N. Berdnikov; A. Yu. Kniazev; A. K. Dambis; V. V. Kravtsov; E. N. Pastukhova
Pages: 489 - 500
Abstract: Abstract In 2012–2014 we obtained 3641 CCD frames of the fields of the RR Lyrae (AB subtype, P = 0.583 days) variable DU Mon with BV I c filters using the 76-cm telescope of the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO) and the 1-m telescopes of the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network (LCOGT). Our observations confirmed the presence of the Blazhko effect that we suspected previously and allowed its period to be determined, $${P_{Bl}} = 60_ \cdot ^d52 \pm 0_ \cdot ^d03$$ . Using all of the available observations, we constructed an O–C diagram spanning a time interval of 86 years that revealed at least one abrupt change in the pulsation period (a decrease by 15.26 s).
PubDate: 2017-07-01
DOI: 10.1134/s1063773717070015
Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 7 (2017)

• Ground level enhancements of cosmic rays in solar cycle 24
• Authors: M. V. Kravtsova; V. E. Sdobnov
Pages: 501 - 506
Abstract: Abstract Using data from ground-based observations of cosmic rays (CRs) on the worldwide network of stations and spacecraft, we have investigated the proton spectra and the CR anisotropy during the ground level enhancements of CRs on May 17, 2012 (GLE71) and January 6, 2014 (GLE72) occurred in solar cycle 24 by the spectrographic global survey method. We provide the CR rigidity spectra and the relative changes in the intensity of CRs with a rigidity of 2 GV in the solar–ecliptic geocentric coordinate system in specific periods of these events. We show that the proton acceleration during GLE71 and GLE72 occurred up to rigidities R ~ 2.3−2.5 GV, while the differential rigidity spectra of solar CRs are described neither by a power nor by an exponential function of particle rigidity. At the times of the events considered the Earth was in a loop-like structure of the interplanetary magnetic field.
PubDate: 2017-07-01
DOI: 10.1134/s1063773717070040
Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 7 (2017)

• Polarization and brightness of the blazar S5 0716+714 in 1991–2004
• Authors: V. T. Doroshenko; N. N. Kiselev
Pages: 365 - 387
Abstract: Abstract We investigate the photometric and polarimetric behavior of the blazar S5 0716+714 based on the observations carried out in 1991–2004 at the 125-cm Crimean Astrophysical Observatory telescope (AZT11) with a photopolarimeter that allows simultaneous polarization and brightness measurements to be made in the U BV RI bands. We also provide the U BV photometry for the blazar obtained in 2000–2009 with a 60-cm telescope at the Crimean Station of the Sternberg Astronomical Institute. The pattern of flux variability and the correlation between the brightness, color, and polarization variations have been investigated. In this time interval the blazar showed a significant brightness and polarization variability similar to noise processes.
PubDate: 2017-06-01
DOI: 10.1134/s1063773717060032
Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 6 (2017)

• Identification of X-ray lines in the spectrum of the arcsec-scale
precessing jets of SS 433
• Authors: I. I. Khabibullin; S. Yu. Sazonov
Pages: 388 - 399
Abstract: Abstract The extended X-ray emission observed at arcsec scales along the propagation trajectory of the precessing relativistic jets of the Galactic microquasar SS 433 features a broad emission line, with the position of the centroid being significantly different for the approaching and receding jets (≈7.3 and ≈6.4 keV, respectively). These observed line positions are at odds with the predictions of the kinematic model for any of the plausible bright spectral lines in this band, raising the question of their identification. Here we address this issue by taking into account time delays of the emission coming from the receding regions of the jets relative to that from the approaching ones, which cause a substantial phase shift and distortion of the predicted line positions for the extended (~1017 cm) emission compared to the X-ray and optical lines observed from the central source (emitted at distances ~1011 and ~1015 cm, respectively). We demonstrate that the observed line positions are fully consistent with the Fe XXVI Lyα (E 0 = 6.96 keV) line emerging from a region of size ~6 × 1016 cm along the jet. This supports the idea that intensive reheating of the jets up to temperatures >10 keV takes place at these distances, probably as a result of partial deceleration of the jets due to interaction with the surrounding medium, which might cause collisions between discrete dense blobs inside the jets.
PubDate: 2017-06-01
DOI: 10.1134/s1063773717060056
Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 6 (2017)

• Kinematics of the structure of the active region in Orion-KL
• Authors: L. I. Matveyenko; V. A. Demichev; S. S. Sivakon’
Pages: 400 - 415
Abstract: Abstract The kinematics of the superfine structure of the active star-forming region in the dense molecular cloud Orion-KL has been investigated in the Н2О maser emission for the period 1998–2003. It has been established that the surrounding gas inflows onto the disk and is transferred in a spiral trajectory to the center. An excess angular momentum as it is accumulated is carried away by a bipolar outflow; a highvelocity central flow surrounded by low-velocity components is formed. The outer low-velocity component observed at the detection limit has a diameter Ø3 ≈ 4.5 AU, further out, Ø2 ≈ 0.5 AU and Ø1 ≈ 0.24 AU. The gas transfer velocity increases exponentially as the center is approached. The maser emission from the central flow is decisive. A rise in the velocity leads to a flow discontinuity and a reduction in the amount of inflowingmaterial and, accordingly, the emission level. The emission in the period under consideration was reduced exponentially for ~6 months, whereupon its restoration began.
PubDate: 2017-06-01
DOI: 10.1134/s1063773717060068
Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 6 (2017)

• AI canis minoris, a pulsating low-mass supergiant at an early transition
phase from the AGB to the post-AGB stage of evolution
• Authors: V. P. Arkhipova; N. P. Ikonnikova; V. F. Esipov; G. V. Komissarova
Pages: 416 - 428
Abstract: Abstract The U BV photometry and low-resolution spectroscopy for the semiregular variable AI CMi, a candidate for post-AGB objects, performed in 1996–2016 and 2000–2013, respectively, are presented. The star showed multiperiodic brightness variations with an amplitude up to $$1\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{\(\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\cdot}$$}}{m} 5\) in the V band, a significant (up to $$0\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{\(\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\cdot}$$}}{m} 4\) ) bluing of the B − V and U − B colors as the star faded, and a change of its spectrum from G5 I to K3–5 I, depending on its brightness. A possible long-term fading of AI CMi below $$8\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{\(\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\cdot}$$}}{m} 5\) in the period from May 2013 to early 2015 is observed in the light curve. The colors in this episode did not change the pattern of their unusual behavior with brightness. The main feature of the spectrum for AI CMi is the appearance and strengthening of TiO absorption bands as its brightness declines, which are atypical in the spectra of ordinary G5–K3 supergiants. The bluing of the B − V and U − B colors is interpreted as the blanketing of stellar radiation predominantly in V (and to a lesser extent in B) by the TiO absorption bands whose intensity increases dramatically with decreasing brightness. Another cause of the bluing can be the scattering of stellar radiation by small dust particles in the gas–dust shell of AI CMi. The star’s continuum-normalized spectra over the period from 2000 to 2013 in the wavelength range 4200 to 7700 or 9200 Å are presented. These were taken at different phases of the pulsation cycle and clearly demonstrate the behavior of the TiO absorption bands depending on the V magnitude and B − V color. The equivalent widths of individual TiO bands weremeasured, and their correlation with the photometric parameters of the star is shown. AI CMi belongs to the O-rich branch of AGB/post-AGB supergiants and has a luminosity of ~4000 L ⊙ at a distance of 1500 ± 700 pc. The mass of AI CMi is most likely small and close to the lower mass limit for post-AGB stars. The connection of the star’s pulsational activity and nonstationary wind with the formation of its molecular and dust shells is discussed briefly.
PubDate: 2017-06-01
DOI: 10.1134/s1063773717060019
Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 6 (2017)

• Zahn’s theory of dynamical tides and its application to stars
• Authors: S. V. Chernov
Pages: 429 - 437
Abstract: Abstract Zahn’s theory of dynamical tides is analyzed critically. We compare the results of this theory with our numerical calculations for stars with a convective core and a radiative envelope and with masses of one and a half and two solar masses. We show that for a binary system consisting of stars of one and a half or two solar masses and a point object with a mass equal to the solar mass and with an orbital period of one day under the assumption of a dense spectrum and moderately rapid dissipation, the evolution time scales of the semimajor axis will be shorter than those in Zahn’s theory by several orders of magnitude.
PubDate: 2017-06-01
DOI: 10.1134/s1063773717060020
Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 6 (2017)

• Diffusion of elements in the interstellar medium in early-type galaxies
• Authors: P. S. Medvedev; S. Yu. Sazonov; M. R. Gilfanov
Pages: 285 - 303
Abstract: Abstract The role of diffusion in the redistribution of elements in the hot interstellar medium of earlytype galaxies is considered. It is well known that gravitational sedimentation can affect significantly the abundances of helium and heavy elements in the hot intergalactic gas of massive galaxy clusters. The universal temperature profile in cool-core clusters and the theoretical mass–temperature relation suggest that the maximum effect of sedimentation must take place in the most massive virialized objects in the Universe. However, observational data from the Chandra and XMM-Newton observatories demonstrate more complex scaling relations between the masses of early-type galaxies and other parameters, such as the mass fraction and temperature of the interstellar gas. An important fact is that the radial temperature profile can have both falling and rising patterns. We have calculated the diffusion based on the observed gas density and temperature distributions for 13 early-type galaxies that have different envelope types and cover a wide range of X-ray luminosities. To estimate the maximum effect of sedimentation and thermal diffusion, we have solved the full set of Burgers equations for a non-magnetized interstellar plasma. The results obtained demonstrate a considerable increase of the He/H ratio within one effective radius for all galaxies of our sample. For galaxies with a falling or constant temperature profile the average increase of the helium abundance is 60% in one billion years of diffusion. The revealed effect can introduce a significant bias into the metal abundance estimate based on X-ray spectroscopy and can affect the evolution of stars that could be formed from a gas with a high helium abundance.
PubDate: 2017-05-01
DOI: 10.1134/s1063773717050024
Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 5 (2017)

• Vertical distribution and kinematics of planetary nebulae in the milky way
• Authors: V. V. Bobylev; A. T. Bajkova
Pages: 304 - 315
Abstract: Abstract Based on published data, we have produced a sample of planetary nebulae (PNe) that is complete within 2 kpc of the Sun. We have estimated the total number of PNe in the Galaxy from this sample to be 17 000±3000 and determined the vertical scale height of the thin disk based on an exponential density distribution to be 197 ± 10 pc. The next sample includes PNe from the Stanghellini–Haywood catalog with minor additions. For this purpose, we have used ~200 PNe with Peimbert’s types I, II, and III. In this case, we have obtained a considerably higher value of the vertical scale height that increases noticeably with sample radius. We have experimentally found that it is necessary to reduce the distance scale of this catalog approximately by 20%. Then, for example, for PNe with heliocentric distances less than 4 kpc the vertical scale height is 256 ± 12 kpc. A kinematic analysis has confirmed the necessity of such a reduction of the distance scale.
PubDate: 2017-05-01
DOI: 10.1134/s1063773717040028
Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 5 (2017)

• New orbits of wide visual double stars
• Authors: O. V. Kiyaeva; L. G. Romanenko; R. Ya. Zhuchkov
Pages: 316 - 331
Abstract: Abstract Based on photographic and CCD observations with the Pulkovo 26-inch refractor, radial velocity measurements with the 1.5-m RTT-150 telescope (TUBITAK National Observatory, Turkey), and highly accurate observations published in the WDS catalog, we have obtained the orbits of ten wide visual double stars by the apparent motion parameter method. The orientation of the orbits in the Galactic coordinate system has been determined. For the outer pair of the multiple star HIP 12780 we have calculated a family of orbits with a minimum period P = 4634 yr. Two equivalent solutions with the same period have been obtained for the stars HIP 50 (P = 949 yr) and HIP 66195 (P = 3237 yr). We have unambiguously determined the orbits of six stars: HIP 12777 (P = 3327 yr), HIP 15058 (P = 420 yr), HIP 33287 (P = 1090 yr), HIP 48429 (P = 1066 yr), HIP 69751 (P = 957 yr), and HIP 73846 (P = 1348 yr). The orbit of HIP 55068 is orientated perpendicularly to the plane of the sky, P >1000 yr. The star HIP 48429 is suspected to have an invisible companion.
PubDate: 2017-05-01
DOI: 10.1134/s1063773717040041
Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 5 (2017)

• A joined model for solar dynamo and differential rotation
• Authors: L. L. Kitchatinov; A. A. Nepomnyashchikh
Pages: 332 - 343
Abstract: Abstract A model for the solar dynamo, consistent in global flow and numerical method employed with the differential rotation model, is developed. The magnetic turbulent diffusivity is expressed in terms of the entropy gradient, which is controlled by the model equations. The magnetic Prandtl number and latitudinal profile of the alpha-effect are specified by fitting the computed period of the activity cycle and the equatorial symmetry of magnetic fields to observations. Then, the instants of polar field reversals and time-latitude diagrams of the fields also come into agreement with observations. The poloidal field has a maximum amplitude of about 10 Gs in the polar regions. The toroidal field of several thousand Gauss concentrates near the base of the convection zone and is transported towards the equator by the meridional flow. The model predicts a value of about 1037 erg for the total magnetic energy of large-scale fields in the solar convection zone.
PubDate: 2017-05-01
DOI: 10.1134/s106377371704003x
Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 5 (2017)

• The speckle polarimeter of the 2.5-m telescope: Design and calibration
• Authors: B. S. Safonov; P. A. Lysenko; A. V. Dodin
Pages: 344 - 364
Abstract: Abstract The speckle polarimeter is a facility instrument of the 2.5-mSAIMSU telescope that combines the features of a speckle interferometer and a polarimeter. The speckle polarimeter is designed for observations in several visible bands in the following modes: speckle interferometry, polarimetry, speckle polarimetry, and polaroastrometry. In this paper we describe the instrument design and the procedures for determining the angular scale of the camera and the position angle of the camera and the polarimeter. Our measurements of the parameters for the binary star HD 9165 are used as an example to demonstrate the technique of speckle interferometry. For bright objects the accuracy of astrometry is limited by the error of the correction for the distortion caused by the atmospheric dispersion compensator. At zenith distances less than 45◦ the additional relative measurement error of the separation is 0.7%, while the additional error of the position angle is 0.3°. In the absence of a dispersion compensator the accuracy of astrometry is limited by the uncertainty in the scale and position angle of the camera, which are 0.15% and 0.06°, respectively. We have performed polarimetric measurements of unpolarized stars and polarization standards. The instrumental polarization at the Cassegrain focus in the V band does not exceed 0.01%. The instrumental polarization for the Nasmyth focus varies between 2 and 4% within the visible range; we have constructed its model and give a method for its elimination from the measurements. For stars with an intrinsic polarization of less than 0.2% during observations at the Cassegrain focus the error is determined mainly by the photon and readout noises and can reach 5 × 10−5.
PubDate: 2017-05-01
DOI: 10.1134/s1063773717050036
Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 5 (2017)

• Active zone of the nucleus of the quasar 3C 273
• Authors: L. I. Matveyenko; S. V. Seleznev
Pages: 221 - 232
Abstract: Abstract The superfine structure of the quasar 3C 273 has been investigated at wavelengths λ = 2 and 6 cm with angular resolutions up to φ = 20 μas for epochs 2005–2014. We have identified a nozzle and a bipolar outflow: a jet and a counterjet consisting of coaxial high- and low-velocity components. The separation between the nozzles in the plane of the sky is Δρ = 0.84 ± 0.16 pc; the flow ejection velocity is v ≤ 0.1c. The nozzle brightness temperature reaches T b ≈ 45 × 1012 K, φ = 20 μas, λ = 2 cm. The ejected electrons radiatively cool at a distance up to ≤4 pc. However, the jet afterglow is observed at a 8% level at a distance up to ρ ≈ 16 pc; the acceleration compensates for the radiative losses. The reduction in the emission level of the central flow at large distances determines the jet bifurcation. The counterjet shape is a mirror reflection of the initial part of the jet, suggesting a symmetry and identity of the ejected flows. The counterjet and jet nozzles are in the near and remote parts of the active region, respectively. The emission from the nozzles is absorbed by a factor of 2 and 15, respectively. The absorption decreases with increasing distance and the brightness of the jet fragments rises to its maximum at 0.5 pc from the nozzle. Arclike structures, arm fragments, are observed in the region of the nozzles. The relativistic plasma comes to the nozzles and is ejected. The brightness temperature of the arclike structures reaches 10% of the peak value, which is determined by the a smaller optical depth, the visibility in the transverse direction. The central high-velocity flow is surrounded by low-velocity components, hollow tubes being ejected as an excess angular momentum is accumulated. The remainder of the material flows along the arms toward the disk center until the next accumulation of an excess angular momentum and the process is repeated. The diameter of the outer nozzle is Ø = 25 pc and, further out, decreases exponentially; Ø n ≈ 80 exp(−1.15n) pc. The flow kinematics, collimation, and acceleration have a vortical nature. Ring currents producing magnetic fields, which accelerate and stabilize the processes, are generated in the rotating flows (tubes). The tangential directions of the currents are observed as parallel chains of components.
PubDate: 2017-04-01
DOI: 10.1134/s1063773717040053
Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 4 (2017)

• Study of the nuclear activity of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 7469 over the
period of observations 2008–2014
• Authors: L. S. Ugol’kova; B. P. Artamonov; E. V. Shimanovskaya; V. V. Bruevich; O. Burkhonov; Sh. A. Egamberdiev; N. V. Metlova
Pages: 233 - 240
Abstract: Abstract We present the results of our multicolor UBV RI observations of NGC 7469, a type 1 Seyfert galaxy (SyG 1), in 2008–2014 at the Maidanak Observatory. Analysis of the long-term variability of NGC 7469 for two observing periods, 1990–2007 and 2008–2014, has shown the existence of yet another activity cycle of the slow component in 2009–2014 with an activity maximum in 2011–2012. We have studied the slow variability component in 2009–2014 and constructed the color–color (U − B), (B − V) diagrams for the variability maxima and minima of NGC 7469 in various apertures and for the blackbody gas radiation modeling the accretion disk radiation. It can be seen from the color–color diagram that the color of the nuclear part of NGC 7469 becomes bluer at maximum brightness, suggesting a higher temperature of the accretion disk. We have analyzed the X-ray variability of NGC 7469 in 2008 and 2009 in comparison with the activity minimum in 2003. The optical–X ray correlation coefficient in 2008 is close to 0.5. The weak correlation is explained by the influence of an SN 1a explosion in the circumnuclear part of NGC 7469, which manifests itself in the optical band but does not change the pattern of X-ray variability. Comparison of the variability data for 2009 shows an optical–X ray (U band–7–10 keV) correlation with a correlation coefficient of about 0.93. The correlation coefficient and the lag depend on the wavelength in the optical and X-ray bands. The lag between the X-ray and optical fluxes in 2009 is observed to a lesser extent in 2003.
PubDate: 2017-04-01
DOI: 10.1134/s1063773717040089
Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 4 (2017)

• Refinement of the parameters of three selected model Galactic potentials
based on the velocities of objects at distances up to 200 kpc
• Authors: V. V. Bobylev; A. T. Bajkova; A. O. Gromov
Pages: 241 - 251
Abstract: Abstract This paper is a continuation of our recent paper devoted to refining the parameters of threecomponent (bulge, disk, halo) axisymmetric model Galactic gravitational potentials differing by the expression for the dark matter halo using the velocities of distant objects. In all models the bulge and disk potentials are described by the Miyamoto–Nagai expressions. In our previous paper we used the Allen–Santillán (I), Wilkinson–Evans (II), and Navarro–Frenk–White (III) models to describe the halo. In this paper we use a spherical logarithmic Binney potential (model IV), a Plummer sphere (model V), and a Hernquist potential (model VI) to describe the halo. A set of present-day observational data in the range of Galactocentric distances R from 0 to 200 kpc is used to refine the parameters of the listed models, which are employed most commonly at present. The model rotation curves are fitted to the observed velocities by taking into account the constraints on the local matter density ρ⊙= 0.1 M ⊙pc−3 and the force K z=1.1/2πG = 77M ⊙pc−2 acting perpendicularly to the Galactic plane. The Galactic mass within spheres of radius 50 and 200 kpc are shown to be, respectively, M 50 = (0.409 ± 0.020) × 1012 M ⊙ and M 200 = (1.395 ± 0.082) × 1012 M ⊙ in model IV, M 50 = (0.417 ± 0.034) × 1012 M ⊙ and M 200 = (0.469 ± 0.038) × 1012 M ⊙in model V, and M 50 = (0.417 ± 0.032) × 1012 M ⊙ and M 200 = (0.641 ± 0.049)× 1012 M ⊙ in model VI. Model VI looks best among the three models considered here from the viewpoint of the achieved accuracy of fitting the model rotation curves to the measurements. This model is close to the Navarro–Frenk–White model III refined and considered best in our previous paper, which is shown using the integration of the orbits of two globular clusters, Lynga 7 and NGC 5053, as an example.
PubDate: 2017-04-01
DOI: 10.1134/s1063773717040016
Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 4 (2017)

• Spectroscopic studies of yellow supergiants in the Cepheid instability
strip
• Authors: I. A. Usenko
Pages: 265 - 283
Abstract: Abstract High-resolution spectra of nine yellow nonvariable supergiants (NVSs) located within the canonical Cepheid instability strip from Sandage and Tammann (1969) (α Aqr, ϵ Leo, μ Per, ω Gem, BD+60 2532, HD 172365, HD 187299, HD 190113, and HD 200102) were taken with the 1-m Zeiss and 6-m BTA telescopes at the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the 1990s. These have been used to determine the atmospheric parameters, chemical composition, radial velocities, reddenings, luminosities, distances, and radii. The spectroscopic estimates of T eff and the luminosities determined from the Hipparcos parallaxes have shown eight of the nine program NVSs on the T eff−log(L/L ⊙) diagram to be outside the canonical Cepheid instability strip. When the edges of the Cepheid instability strip from Bono et al. (2000) are used, out of the NVSs from the list on the diagram one is within the Cepheid instability strip but closer to the red edge, two are at the red edge, three are beyond the red edge, two are at the blue edge, and one is beyond the blue edge. The evolutionary masses of the objects have been estimated. The abundances of α-elements, r- and s-process elements for all program objects have turned out to be nearly solar. The СNO, Na, Mg, and Al abundance estimates have shown that eight of the nine NVSs from the list have already passed the first dredge-up. Judging by the abundances of the key elements and its position on the T eff−log(L/L ⊙) diagram, the lithium-rich supergiant HD 172365 is at the post-main-sequence evolutionary stage of gravitational helium core contraction and moves toward the first crossing of the Cepheid instability strip. The star ϵ Leo should be assigned to bright supergiants, while HD 187299 and HD 190113 may have already passed the second dredge-up and move to the asymptotic branch.
PubDate: 2017-04-01
DOI: 10.1134/s1063773717040090
Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 4 (2017)

JournalTOCs
School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences
Heriot-Watt University
Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
Email: journaltocs@hw.ac.uk
Tel: +00 44 (0)131 4513762
Fax: +00 44 (0)131 4513327

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