Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles) ISSN (Print) 1755-2419 - ISSN (Online) 1755-2427 Published by Inderscience Publishers[450 journals]
Authors:Christina Oelgemöller, Leonie Ansems De Vries, Kees Groenendijk Pages: 7 - 25 Abstract: There is now a large literature discussing 'Fortress Europe' and the character of the Schengen Area, especially how it has established freedom of movement inside at the expense of easy access from the outside. This article challenges this metaphor by going back to the early negotiations around Schengen and shedding light on some of the concerns raised at the time regarding 'compensatory measures', the un/desirable and technological solutions. We do so through a genealogical reading of documents from two different but related archival sources that allows insight into the perceptions of policy-makers at the time when Schengen was negotiated, now that these documents have become partially accessible. We show that consensus around the freedom and regulation of movement internally and control of access at the boundaries was crafted simultaneously - rather than as a 'compensatory measure' - and in the context of efforts to identify the un/desirable and find technological solutions to the 'problem' of free movement. We also discuss how this has transformed our understanding of the place and meaning of freedom of movement such that today it is both taken for granted and under attack. Keywords: Schengen; freedom of movement; securitisation; migration; technology; genealogy Citation: International Journal of Migration and Border Studies, Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2020) pp. 7 - 25 PubDate: 2020-07-24T23:20:50-05:00 DOI: 10.1504/IJMBS.2020.108684 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2020)
Authors:Christina Oelgemöller, Leonie Ansems De Vries, Kees Groenendijk Pages: 26 - 51 Abstract: How is the notion of 'civil security' at work within and for arms companies? What are its technological and socio-political roles? The article analyses the early 2000s transformations of the Swedish arms industry with focus on its largest company Saab, and how civil security technologies have become assembled into ambiguous 'systems' that through a logic of scalability can move between different areas of practice; from refugee detention to policing to border surveillance. It concludes that arms companies increasingly absorb their most sophisticated technologies from civil (rather than military) R&D, and that they can use these for piecing together 'one-stop shop' packages of security- and defence products. The notion of civil security also serves as a socio-political façade of 'innovation' and 'neutrality' with which the industry can masquerade an interest in human rights, attract young professionals, and obscure the negotiations of arms trade delegations abroad. Keywords: arms industry; civil security; border control; scalability; dual-use; Sweden; nation-branding; innovation; human rights; arms export Citation: International Journal of Migration and Border Studies, Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2020) pp. 26 - 51 PubDate: 2020-07-24T23:20:50-05:00 DOI: 10.1504/IJMBS.2020.108682 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2020)
Authors:Christina Oelgemöller, Leonie Ansems De Vries, Kees Groenendijk Pages: 52 - 73 Abstract: Since 2004, the European Union has spent approximately 3.5 billion Euros on security research. Yet, scholars of security have seldom been on the receiving end of these monies. The present article aims to make sense of this apparent paradox. To this end, it brings under examination the so-called high-level public-private <i>dialogue on security</i> that the European Commission sponsored between 2003 and 2009. Social scientists were excluded from this process at the beginning. Thus, the forum imposed the idea that security problems have technical solutions if the EU is willing to pay for them. Social scientists could then be-reincluded and enrolled under the banner of societal security. It falls to them to numb the general public into acceptance of security technologies. The paradox, then, is complete. Keywords: security research; European Union; defence industry; surveillance; security technologies; public-private; Bourdieu Citation: International Journal of Migration and Border Studies, Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2020) pp. 52 - 73 PubDate: 2020-07-24T23:20:50-05:00 DOI: 10.1504/IJMBS.2020.108688 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2020)
Authors:Christina Oelgemöller, Leonie Ansems De Vries, Kees Groenendijk Pages: 74 - 92 Abstract: Smart borders, intelligent systems of filtering travellers by detecting suspects of crime and terrorism through interoperable national databases and regional agreements are proliferating. In the European Union, it began with the Schengen Information System. SIS-VIS-EURODAC, EES, ETIAS, ECRIS are acronyms for different realisations and projects of entry and exit systems, of pre-frontiers zone, of policy checks regarding police, immigration and asylum, tracing people and scoring the degree to which they can be suspected to be illegal or criminal. Security stakes have been technologised. This is a profound reconfiguration of the different regional fields of security professionals with the emergence of a transnational guild regrouping data analysts, civil engineers on IT systems and border controls, changing de facto who is deciding the limits between security and insecurity, risk and fate. This importance of the online - virtual regarding the offline - actual is affecting freedom and criminal justice. Keywords: security; securitisation; information technology; smart borders; border controls; policing; interoperability; IT systems; transnational guild; international political sociology; Bourdieu Citation: International Journal of Migration and Border Studies, Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2020) pp. 74 - 92 PubDate: 2020-07-24T23:20:50-05:00 DOI: 10.1504/IJMBS.2020.108689 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2020)
Authors:Didier Bigo, Lina Ewert, Elif Mendos KuÅŸkonmaz Pages: 93 - 114 Abstract: This article aims to discuss the interoperability controversy in the EU that followed the 2015 Paris attacks. Supported by visual methods, it analyses the historical developments of the databases that aim at facilitating migration and crime control in the area of Justice and Home Affairs (JHA). In so doing, it seeks to trace the paradox on freedom, technology, and surveillance since the Schengen area was established in the '90s, whereby the discourse on the freedom of movement (both as the rights of citizens and migrants crossing borders) has been reframed by the security reasoning using technological solutions. It critiques the technical framework within which the interoperability plans have been framed. Keywords: interoperability; freedom of movement; borders; (in)security; surveillance; Schengen; integrated data management; ECRIS-TCN; PNR; eu-LISA; Europe Citation: International Journal of Migration and Border Studies, Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2020) pp. 93 - 114 PubDate: 2020-07-24T23:20:50-05:00 DOI: 10.1504/IJMBS.2020.108687 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2020)
Authors:Didier Bigo, Lina Ewert, Elif Mendos KuÅŸkonmaz Pages: 115 - 137 Abstract: The Schengenland-Morocco border is frequently venerated for its humane and efficient controls, thanks in part to hi-tech surveillance technologies. It is also a border receiving an increasing amount of 'traffic' from the Arabian Peninsula due to routes to Europe being blocked further East. This article works with the idea that the 'balancing' of freedom of movement and surveillance within Schengenland is an inherent paradox which has multiplied, circulated and manifested itself at a human level, played out in the lives of people forced to enter Europe through irregular means. Inspired by moves within feminist research (Enloe, 1989), appropriated within critical security (Huysmans, 2016), I put this idea of paradox to work by fashioning it as a <i>curiosity</i>. An epistemological device allowing me to see in particular ways, paradox as a curiosity places <i>analytical supremacy</i> on the everyday paradoxes in which migrants are embedded, stemming from their entanglements with bordering technologies. Keywords: border; surveillance; Morocco; Schengen; ethnography; migration Citation: International Journal of Migration and Border Studies, Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2020) pp. 115 - 137 PubDate: 2020-07-24T23:20:50-05:00 DOI: 10.1504/IJMBS.2020.108683 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2020)
Authors:Lindsay Larios, Jill Hanley, Manuel Salamanca Cardona, Mostafa Henaway, Nuha Dwaikat Shaer, Sonia Ben Soltane Pages: 138 - 157 Abstract: Private, for-profit recruitment and employment agencies are key intermediaries connecting migrant workers from abroad to employers in Canada. Despite this, there is a lack of effective regulation of recruitment agencies by the Canadian federal and provincial governments. The objective of this article is to provide a snapshot of the problem, based on the empirical analysis of the casework of PINAY, a community organisation in Montreal, Quebec, highlighting the multiple compounding effects of this type of exploitation and to highlight the role that community-based organisations play in supporting migrant workers faced with them. Our analysis identifies three types of exploitation: exploitation of financial need, exploitation of immigration precarity, and exploitation of relationships. We conclude the article by discussing community level responses to the exploitation migrant works face in their interactions with recruitment agencies and reflect upon the implications of Quebec's recent amendment of its labour standards. Keywords: carework; caregivers; live-in caregivers; recruitment agencies; employment agencies; Canada; community organisations; advocacy; casework; migrant workers Citation: International Journal of Migration and Border Studies, Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2020) pp. 138 - 157 PubDate: 2020-07-24T23:20:50-05:00 DOI: 10.1504/IJMBS.2020.108690 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2020)
Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
[450 journals]
