JournalTOCs

Sport and Art
Number of Followers: 1

This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 2331-6195 - ISSN (Online) 2331-6233
Published by Horizon Research Publishing

[54 journals]

Comparing of Technical Skills of Young Football Players According to
Preferred Foot
- Abstract: Publication date: Feb 2018
  Source:International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences Volume 6 Number 1 Sinan Bozkurt and Veysel Kucuk The purpose of this study is to compare technical skills of youth soccer players according to foot preference. A total of 61 amateur football players (Under 15) participated in the study from different clubs of Istanbul. The descriptive statistics and the relationship between the technical skills were examined by using Spearman test and Mann Whitney U test was used for paired comparison of the groups. The level of significance taken into account was (p
  PubDate: Feb 2018
The Effects of Textured Insoles on Balance in Individuals with Knee
Osteoarthritis
- Abstract: Publication date: Feb 2018
  Source:International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences Volume 6 Number 1 Hyoungjin Park As evidence of the effectiveness of added plantar-surface texture to improve balance has been successful for various populations, it is important to study if textured insoles may increase balance for individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) who have compromised the somatosensory function of the affected joint and correspondingly an increased risk of falls. Thus, this study investigated the degree of benefit through the use of textured insoles for improving balance and compared the balance of individuals with knee OA to matched-healthy peers. Fifteen with knee OA and fifteen healthy, aged, gender and BMI matched controls completed this study and were evaluated on balance as measured by a computerized dynamic posturography. There were significant improvements in balance when wearing the textured insoles in both groups, and healthy knee controls showed significantly better balance performances than individuals with knee OA. The benefits of this study for the individuals with knee OA are that this may lead to the development of an evidence-based footwear intervention which is noninvasive, simple to use, inexpensive, allows the user for self-management, and has the capacity to reduce the risk of falls, consequentially improving the quality of life.
  PubDate: Feb 2018
Influence of Sustained Beta-Alanine Supplementation on Body Composition
and Physical Performance in College-aged Males Seeking Military Commission
- Abstract: Publication date: Feb 2018
  Source:International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences Volume 6 Number 1 Daniel Jaffe Jennifer Hewit Jason Cholewa Alexander Bedard Tracey Matthews Brian Thompson and Samuel Headley The present study was designed to investigate the effects of chronic ingestion of a proprietary beta-alanine supplement on body composition, indices of strength and power performance, and markers of cardiovascular endurance in physically active, college-aged males commissioning within the armed services. Subjects (n = 30) participated in four separate testing sessions, both pre and post assessment consuming either 6.0 g/day beta-alanine or Placebo supplementation for 6 weeks. Parameters evaluated included body fat percentage (BF%), fat free mass (FFM), vertical jump (VJ), 1 repetition maximum back squat (SQ) and bench press (BP), and a repetition maximum bench press (RMBP) at 75% of the attained maximum, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2peak), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), lactate threshold (LT), and peak lactate concentration. For all variables, no significant interactions existed across condition and time (p> .05). In addition, for all variables, no significant differences existed between conditions (p> .05). Beta-alanine did not show any benefit for improving body composition or physical performance parameters in this group of individuals.
  PubDate: Feb 2018
Impact of Stability Ball Sitting during Semi-recumbent Exercise
- Abstract: Publication date: Apr 2018
  Source:International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences Volume 6 Number 2 Charles R.C. Marks Steve Grapsas and Deborah Malushi Purpose: This study determined if sitting on a stability ball (B), when compared to sitting on a chair (C), affects cardiorespiratory and muscular recruitment during semi-recumbent exercise. Methods: Participants sat on B or C behind a cycle ergometer using the bike seat for hand griping. Open-circuit spirometry and HR were monitored continuously during graded exercise. Initial two stages of exercise also had hip movements and the right arm, trunk, and leg EMGs recorded. Eighteen apparently healthy adults exercised twice, one trial on B and the other trial on C (order randomized). ANOVA for repeated measures (α < 0.05) was used for statistical analysis. Results: Only at peak was VO2 significantly higher (P = 0.001) for B compared to C. There was no significant (P = 0.291) difference between B and C for HR. Stage 2 hip movements were significantly (P < 0.001) higher while some leg EMGs were significantly (P < 0.019) lower on B compared to C. In addition, flexor digitorum EMG was significantly (P < 0.036) higher on B compared to C. Conclusion: The stability ball increases hip motion and may alter muscular recruitment pattern during semi-recumbent exercise with little impact on cardiorespiratory parameters.
  PubDate: Apr 2018
Limits of Stability, Tandem Walk, and Adaptation Test in Individuals with
Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis: A Case-control Comparison with Knee OA
and Healthy Knee Controls
- Abstract: Publication date: Apr 2018
  Source:International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences Volume 6 Number 2 Hyoungjin Park and Taewoon Jung The purpose of this study was to compare adults with knee OA and "healthy knee" controls on balance ability by matching gender, age, mass, height, and BMI. Twenty-eight adults, 14 with medically diagnosed knee osteoarthritis and 14 with "healthy knee" status, were evaluated on dynamic balance as measured by the NeuroCom Balance Master® Limits of stability, tandem walk, and adaptation test protocols. Outcomes measured reaction time, movement velocity, maximum excursion, directional control for the limits of stability and speed, step width, endpoint sway velocity for the tandem walk test, and sway energy score for the adaptation test. The results showed that the "healthy knee" control subjects exhibited statistically significantly better results on all measures tested, however, this study did suggest balance deficits in individuals with knee OA may be better assessed for fall risk if placed in the situation where body weight is put forward, as these movements better mimic their activities of daily living.
  PubDate: Apr 2018
Relationships between the Functional Movement Screen Score and Y-Balance
Test Reach Distances
- Abstract: Publication date: Sep 2017
  Source:International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences Volume 5 Number 3 Leila K. Kelleher Ryan J. Frayne Tyson A.C. Beach Jordin M. Higgs Andrew M. Johnson and James P. Dickey Background: The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is used to evaluate key movement patterns, functional symmetry, and identify individuals that are at elevated risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to assess whether dynamic postural control is a significant component of the composite FMS score by comparing it with Y-Balance Test (YBT) reach distances. Methods: Seventy-eight participants (including 40 males) performed the standardized FMS protocol followed by the YBT. The YBT reach distances were normalized to leg length and averaged between sides and trials. The individual reach directions were evaluated, and were also summed to form an aggregate YBT distance (TotalY). Results: We observed weak correlations between the composite FMS score and normalized posterolateral reach, normalized posteromedial reach, and the TotalY (r=0.36, 0.37, and 0.36, respectively; all p< 0.05). There was no correlation between the composite FMS score and normalized anterior reach (r=0.22; p=0.053). Together these findings demonstrate partial correspondence between the two tests. Conclusion: This indicates that dynamic postural control is a small component of the aggregate FMS score.
  PubDate: Sep 2017
The PerPot Simulated Anaerobic Threshold - A Comparison to Typical
Lactate-based Thresholds
- Abstract: Publication date: May 2017
  Source:International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences Volume 5 Number 1 Stefan Endler Sabine Hoffmann Björn Sterzing Perikles Simon and Mark Pfeiffer Intensity description as exercise prescription is a main challenge for sport scientists and coaches. Most commonly used in endurance sports are percentages of the heart rate at Maximal Lactate Steady State (MLSS). Since the late 1970s, MLSS is approximated by several anaerobic thresholds based on lactate extraction during graded incremental tests. Since then, scientists look for non-invasive methods to approximate these thresholds. Our new approach uses the sports computer science Performance Potential model (PerPot) for determination. The antagonistic model PerPot models the relation between load (speed) and performance (heart rate). This investigation compares lactate based and PerPot simulated thresholds. Fifteen male handball players performed a graded incremental test with lactate extraction and continuous heart rate recording. Lactate measurement was used for determination of four established lactate-based anaerobic thresholds (OBLA, Dickhuth, Keul, Simon). Speed and heart rate processes were used for PerPot determination of the threshold. Both Pearson correlations (r=0.883 - r=0.895) and intraclass correlations (ICC=0.894 - ICC=0.932) show high correlations between lactate-based and PerPot simulated thresholds. Using anaerobic threshold (AT) for exercise prescription is the ideal case. Because of adaptation, AT changes and should therefore be determined periodically. In practice, this is rarely done because of high cost and difficult invasive determination in laboratory. PerPot provides a low cost, non-invasive method for AT determination. It is therefore an ideal method for verifying former results of sports medicine diagnostics periodically. In addition, simple portability of results to field is an advantage, because the graded incremental tests can also be performed outdoors.
  PubDate: May 2017
A Review of the Appropriateness of Existing Micro- and Meso-level Models
of Athlete Development within Equestrian Sport
- Abstract: Publication date: May 2017
  Source:International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences Volume 5 Number 1 Donna de Haan The aim of this paper was to use a case study approach to review the appropriateness of existing micro- and meso-level models of athlete development within the sport specific context of equestrianism. At a micro-level the Long Term Athlete Development (LTAD) model was chosen. At a meso-level, the Sport Policy factors that Lead to International Sporting Success (SPLISS) model was chosen with specific focus on Pillar 4 (talent identification and development systems). To assess the relevance or fit of these models, policy documentation from the British Equestrian Federation (BEF) which includes information on athlete profiling and performance pathways were reviewed. Results from this study indicate that talent identification and development of the rider at the point of specialization (micro-level) and performance/competition pathways (meso-level) have a degree of synergy. However, due to the potential longevity of riders' careers, and the required combination of an elite rider with an elite horse, it is difficult to map this at a senior level. The findings illustrate that due to these sport-specific variables, equestrianism does not 'fit' within these models and requires a unique 'dual athlete – horse and rider' talent identification and development system.
  PubDate: May 2017
Validation of the Sport Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-2 for the
Mexican Sport Context
- Abstract: Publication date: Jul 2017
  Source:International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences Volume 5 Number 2 Antonio Pineda-Espejel Emilio Arrayales Raquel Morquecho-Sanchez and Marina Trejo The aim of this study was to validate the factorial structure of a Spanish version of the Sport Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-2 (Sport-MPS-2) for the Mexican population, and provide evidence of reliability. This scale is composed of 42 items that measure six factors of perfectionism: concern over mistakes, organization, perception parental pressure, perception coach pressure, doubts about actions, and personal standards. Such factors were suggested by the multidimensional perfectionism approach. The study involved 420 athletes of both genders with an average age of 21.63 years old (SD = 3.83) who answered the Mexican Spanish Version of the Sport-MPS-2. After eliminating six items, the results supported the six-factor model; and in five factors, the internal consistency exceeded or was under the limit of the usage criteria. In conclusion, the Mexican Spanish version of the Sport-MPS-2 offers factorial structure and constructs validity, excluding six items. Thus, it can be used for assessing five dimensions of perfectionism in athletes, even though further research shall be conducted to improve this instrument.
  PubDate: Jul 2017
Differences of Physique and Physical Fitness among Male South Korean Elite
National Track and Field Athletes
- Abstract: Publication date: Jul 2017
  Source:International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences Volume 5 Number 2 Sung, Bong-ju and Ko, Byoung-goo The aim of this study was to provide a detailed comparison of physique and physical fitness differences among Track and Field groups. The male athletes participating in this study consisted only of South Korean national track and field athletes. The Korean national athletes were divided into four groups (long-distance runner, sprinter, jumper, thrower). The long-distance runner group (n=7) consisted of three male marathoners and four male race walkers. The sprinter group (n=7) consisted of five male 100m athletes and two male hurdlers. The jumper group (n= 7) consisted of 2 male high jumpers, 2 male long jumpers, and 3 male pole vault athletes. The thrower group (n=8) consisted of 2 male shot put athletes, two male javelin throwers, 2 male discus throwers and 2 male hammer throwers. This study was designed to investigate the effects of physique (height, weight), muscular strength (grip strength), muscular endurance (push-ups, sit-ups), agility (side step), power (vertical jump), cardiopulmonary endurance (maximal oxygen uptake, Anaerobic Threshold %VO2max, rest heart rate), and flexibility (sit and reach). A one-way ANOVA was performed for the mean difference test among track and field athlete groups. A post hoc test method was conducted through the Scheffe Test. The results are as follows. The thrower athlete group showed significantly better results in weight, muscular strength (grip power) than the sprinter athlete group, long-distance runner group and the jumper athlete group. The long-distance runner group showed significantly better result in VO2max and AT (Anaerobic Threshold) than the sprinter group, thrower group and the jumper group. The sprinter group showed significantly better results in power (vertical jump) than the other three groups. There was no significant difference among the groups in the results for muscular endurance (push-up, sit-up), flexibility (sit and reach) and agility (side steps). In conclusion, the South Korean national long-distance runner group (VO2max: 72.6ml/kg/min, ATVO2max: 54ml/kg/min) was superior to the other three groups in cardiovascular endurance. The sprinter's group (vertical jump: 63.1cm) was superior to the other three groups in power. The thrower group (weight: 97kg, grip strength: 81kg) was superior to the other three groups in muscular strength and was heavier than the other groups. Korean national track & field athletes showed the characteristics of cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, and power in a detailed analysis of items. No differences were found in muscular endurance, flexibility, and agility. Differences in physique and physical fitness among detail event groups of Korean national athletes were in accordance with previous studies. In future studies, the sample size should be increased to improve the reliability and validity of the study results.
  PubDate: Jul 2017
Impact of Wheel Size on Energy Expenditure during Mountain Bike Trail
Riding
- Abstract: Publication date: Dec 2017
  Source:International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences Volume 5 Number 4 Julie E. Taylor Camille Thomas and Jacob W. Manning This study examined the energy expenditure during mountain bike trail rides on a 26-inch wheel (26er) compared to a 29-inch wheel (29er). Thirteen experienced bikers (four women, nine men, age=33.0±10.1 yrs), completed similar 6.7km trail rides on a 26er and 29er. GPS was used to measure distance and speed during each ride. Energy expenditure was determined by measuring oxygen consumption. Compared to the 26er, the 29er rides took less total time (24.2±3.2 vs. 25.5±3.5 minutes, p=0.015), hence faster speeds (4.7±0.6 vs. 4.4±0.6 m•s-1, p=0.022), lower average heart rates (155.0±19.2 vs. 162.2±16.8 bpm, p=0.047), and lower total calories (263.3±34.3 vs. 290.7± 36.9 kcals, p=0.001). Work rates represented by the rate of oxygen consumption (ml O2•min-1, p=0.65) were not different. At similar work rates, riders apparently gained a mechanical advantage on the 29ers allowing for 5% lower riding times and heart-rates, 6.8% faster speeds, and a 9.4% reduction in the total caloric expenditure for a standardized trail ride.
  PubDate: Dec 2017
Elite Student-Athletes' Perceptions of Coaches' Behavior during the 23rd
World Universiade Games in Kazan, Russia
- Abstract: Publication date: Dec 2017
  Source:International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences Volume 5 Number 4 John Elvis Hagan Jnr Edward Wilson Ansah Dietmar Pollmann and Thomas Schack Despite the fact that behavior of coaches is critical towards optimal development and performance of athletes, there still remains a dearth of empirical evidence involving self-perceptions of competitive athletes at elite level. The purpose of the present study was to examine athletes' perceptions related patterns and gender differences specific to coaching behaviors during competition. Consequently, the Leadership Scale for Sports was administered to 201 conveniently sampled elite student-athletes during the 23rd World Universiade Games at Kazan, Russia. Results show that a considerable number of sampled athletes perceived their coaches not to have provided the needed social support and positive feedback during competition. However, majority of these athletes felt they were involved democratically across the competition period. Additionally, while male athletes perceived their coaches to have given appreciable training and instruction, were more democratic, socially supportive, and provided positive feedback, female athletes perceived their coaches to be autocratic. A greater need for social support and positive feedback are required from coaches to help athletes deal with the stressors of elite competition. Similarly, the gender differences in the athletes' perceptions suggest a more idiosyncratic approach and flexibility toward coaching at high performance level if desired outcomes are to be accomplished.
  PubDate: Dec 2017
Research on Continued Use of Sport-related Social Application: Taking
WeRun as an Example
- Abstract: Publication date: Dec 2017
  Source:International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences Volume 5 Number 4 Ke Zhang and Yiqian Melannie Zhan Research on healthcare gadget or application is not new to many of us, yet WeRun's special features have been a reason, and it is completely free of charge. While we take into consideration that WeRun is the most popular application in the world, this study makes a through exploration of how this application could attract loyal members and recruit new members every day. Based on the Theory of Expectation Confirmation, the research combing the variables of emotional pleasure and subjective norm into the expectation-confirmation model of IS continuance (ECM-ISC) to measure the factors that affect the continued use of WeRun by users. A 325 online questionnaire survey had been conducted to this research. The results show that emotional pleasure was positively and significantly associated with users' satisfaction of WeRun and internal influence was positively and significantly associated with users' continuance intention. However, emotional pleasure is not significantly associated with users' continuance intention and external influence has negative influence on user's continuance intention.
  PubDate: Dec 2017