Abstract: This issue explores how twentieth-century women engaged in many forms of protest and dissent. It includes women who participated in boycotts and lobbying or fought for their rights in court, as well as "bad mothers," lesbian separatists, and leftist activists who defied conventional ideas about family and femininity. Some of these women worked for international peace and justice, others on behalf of the feminist movement, and still others to build women-only spaces outside of the patriarchal family. They expressed dissent on their bodies, in the radical press, and in the courtroom and bedroom alike.We open with two articles that consider the "soft power" of women in transnational contexts, where they used cultural ... Read More Keywords: China; United States; Women; Boycotts; Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945; Chinese American women; Yu, Alice Fong,; Parenthood; Eaton, Warren P.,; Custody of children; Divorce; Motherhood; Lesbians; Lesbian mothers; Indigenous women; Married women; Child w PubDate: 2020-01-07T00:00:00-05:00
Abstract: In the spring of 1955, Emily Greene Balch, an aged leader of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF), published an open letter to Chinese people in The Nation:Dear People of China:This is a letter of love that I am sending you.Men and women with your patient faces,Little children with your bright eyes,How could I not love you'I am an American, and what you perhaps call a capitalist.Need that be a barrier to love'It does not hold back mine.1In response, Chinese Minister of Health Li Dequan invited Balch to visit China, but Balch had to decline the offer because she found herself "too old to be of use if I went."2 Ten years later, the WILPF sent a letter to Lyndon Johnson, urging the ... Read More Keywords: China; United States; Women; Boycotts; Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945; Chinese American women; Yu, Alice Fong,; Parenthood; Eaton, Warren P.,; Custody of children; Divorce; Motherhood; Lesbians; Lesbian mothers; Indigenous women; Married women; Child w PubDate: 2020-01-07T00:00:00-05:00
Abstract: On June 16, 1938, the lantern-lit streets of San Francisco's Chinatown pulsed with the movement of dancers, jugglers, fire-breathing dragons, and over three hundred thousand guests.1 This "Rice Bowl Party" was just one installment of a nation-wide string of events that the United Council for Civilian Relief in China launched in over two thousand cities.2 San Francisco's mayor Angelo Rossi led the opening parade alongside Chinese consul C.C. Huang to show municipal support, but Chinatown's community represented itself on its own terms.3 As attendees made their way through the festival, they might have been drawn to the Chinese Playground, where members of the Square and Circle Club (SCC) displayed a visual timeline ... Read More Keywords: China; United States; Women; Boycotts; Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945; Chinese American women; Yu, Alice Fong,; Parenthood; Eaton, Warren P.,; Custody of children; Divorce; Motherhood; Lesbians; Lesbian mothers; Indigenous women; Married women; Child w PubDate: 2020-01-07T00:00:00-05:00
Abstract: In late January and early February 1935, a series of headlines brought the nation's attention to a shocking development in what should have been a relatively mundane divorce and custody matter between Warren P. Eaton, a salesman from Montclair, New Jersey, and his estranged wife Mabel Eaton (née Weber), a housewife. "Woman's Red Creed Costs Her Children," proclaimed the New York Times. "'Wrong Ideas,' So Kids Taken from Mother," declared the American Guardian from Oklahoma City. "Judge Takes Two Children from Their Atheist Mother," announced the Pittsburgh Press.1 The headlines were sparked by Advisory Master Robert D. Grosman's decision to ignore the legal tradition that held that young children generally belonged ... Read More Keywords: China; United States; Women; Boycotts; Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945; Chinese American women; Yu, Alice Fong,; Parenthood; Eaton, Warren P.,; Custody of children; Divorce; Motherhood; Lesbians; Lesbian mothers; Indigenous women; Married women; Child w PubDate: 2020-01-07T00:00:00-05:00
Abstract: In the early 1970s a bitter fight over the presence of boys at lesbian events sparked heated arguments in the community over the meaning of "all-women" spaces, the nurturing of boys, and eventually the nature of motherhood itself. As lesbian separatism grew in popularity as both a theory and strategy for resisting patriarchy, some separatists began to argue that lesbians should not mother boys. Almost simultaneously, the new gay liberation movement encouraged gays and lesbians to come out of the closet, but that put gay parents at risk of losing custody of their children. While separatists tended to frame the debate around their objection to mothering boys, I argue that the underlying problem, and thus the passion ... Read More Keywords: China; United States; Women; Boycotts; Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945; Chinese American women; Yu, Alice Fong,; Parenthood; Eaton, Warren P.,; Custody of children; Divorce; Motherhood; Lesbians; Lesbian mothers; Indigenous women; Married women; Child w PubDate: 2020-01-07T00:00:00-05:00
Abstract: "We are gone from the Women's Center because remaining involved with the Center meant continuing to put a lot of energy into women who were in turn giving a lot of energy to men. It is much more complicated than that of course. Lots of anger, lots of hurt all round."1 With these words, the lesbian-feminist Joy Justice announced the 1975 exit of the separatist group Drastic Dykes from the Charlotte Women's Center (CWC), home and meeting space for a group of primarily white feminists in Charlotte, North Carolina. The departure of the Drastic Dykes was a personal and political decision to separate from other local feminists, some lesbian and some not, at the CWC. The Dykes felt an "immediate" need to "plant" their ... Read More Keywords: China; United States; Women; Boycotts; Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945; Chinese American women; Yu, Alice Fong,; Parenthood; Eaton, Warren P.,; Custody of children; Divorce; Motherhood; Lesbians; Lesbian mothers; Indigenous women; Married women; Child w PubDate: 2020-01-07T00:00:00-05:00
Abstract: The legal regulation of women's work underwent a sea change from the early twentieth to the twenty-first century. It is indeed difficult to name a shift in modern American legal culture more dramatic or one bearing more profound social and economic consequences. In the 1908 case Muller v. Oregon, the US Supreme Court upheld a state law capping the number of work hours an employer could demand of a female employee. The decision entrenched ideas about women's difference—the supposed biological frailty associated with female reproductive capacity as well as women's social role as mothers and disadvantage in the labor market—in constitutional jurisprudence. At the same time, Muller affirmed state legislation redressing ... Read More Keywords: China; United States; Women; Boycotts; Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945; Chinese American women; Yu, Alice Fong,; Parenthood; Eaton, Warren P.,; Custody of children; Divorce; Motherhood; Lesbians; Lesbian mothers; Indigenous women; Married women; Child w PubDate: 2020-01-07T00:00:00-05:00
Abstract: Scholarly explorations of the gendered nature of US citizenship began in earnest around twenty years ago with important work from Linda K. Kerber, Nancy Cott, Alice Kessler-Harris, Nancy Isenberg, and Candice Bredbenner, among others.1 The three monographs reviewed here remind us that the struggle to understand the complex dynamics among state power, women's legal status, and women's sovereignty are far from complete. Each book helps to further our knowledge of how various groups of women have interacted with local, state, and national governments, particularly during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.Helen Irving begins with the issue of married women's nationality. By the early twentieth century ... Read More Keywords: China; United States; Women; Boycotts; Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945; Chinese American women; Yu, Alice Fong,; Parenthood; Eaton, Warren P.,; Custody of children; Divorce; Motherhood; Lesbians; Lesbian mothers; Indigenous women; Married women; Child w PubDate: 2020-01-07T00:00:00-05:00
Abstract: Reading these histories of child welfare in the United States reminds me of my fortune as well as misfortune as a child. In 1981, at the age of twelve, I was involved in a car accident that took the lives of my parents and paternal grandmother. My only brother, thirteen years old, was also in the wreck, but, luckily, he too survived. Little did I know then that my parents' death thrust us, now technically orphans, into the child welfare system. Fortunately, my brother and I avoided what scholars describe as the labyrinth of child welfare services when my uncle, my father's youngest brother, and his wife took us in and raised us alongside their two daughters. If Bullard's, Ladd-Taylor's, and Rymph's books are any ... Read More Keywords: China; United States; Women; Boycotts; Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945; Chinese American women; Yu, Alice Fong,; Parenthood; Eaton, Warren P.,; Custody of children; Divorce; Motherhood; Lesbians; Lesbian mothers; Indigenous women; Married women; Child w PubDate: 2020-01-07T00:00:00-05:00
Abstract: The Journal of Women's History editors and editorial staff thankfully acknowledge the generous contributions of the following scholars who reviewed manuscripts for the Journal, 28 August 2018–28 August 2019.Nadje Al-AliAnn AllenUmut AzakLisa BalabanlilarGulhan BalsoyAnne BlaschkeJohn BloomBeverly BosslerSay BurginGiuli CalviKristin CelelloArnold ChamunogwaNellie ChuMiriam CohenAnn ColleyAnne CovaAmber DayChanelle DelameillieureLynn DumenilSari EdelsteinElyssa FaisonFederica FalchiJessie FrazierMary FredericksonAbbie GarringtonCarole HaberHanan HammadKarissa HaugebergMaggie HennefeldNate HoldrenPippa HollowayNoriko HoriguchiKaren HuntKatherine JellisonCeyda KaramürselShannon KingRui KohiyamaCheryl LaRocheJosh ... Read More Keywords: China; United States; Women; Boycotts; Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945; Chinese American women; Yu, Alice Fong,; Parenthood; Eaton, Warren P.,; Custody of children; Divorce; Motherhood; Lesbians; Lesbian mothers; Indigenous women; Married women; Child w PubDate: 2020-01-07T00:00:00-05:00
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